Traditional Number System Research Articles

Sustenance of Food Security Through Natural Resources and Traditional Weekly Markets during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study on the Tribal Villages of Karbi Anglong District of Assam

Karbi Anglong district of Assam is a zone of diversified natural resources and multicultural tradition. The present article highlights their traditional weekly markets or Hats (which is locally termed as Hithi), organised and participated by the Karbi tribal people as well as their traditional number system and practices of barter system. Such markets are either conducted weekly or fortnightly. Primary data related to the present study has been collected through field works with the help of anthropological methods. The prime objective of the present study is to find out how indigenous knowledge, locally available natural resources and traditional economic organisations have collectively sustained the daily livelihood of the marginal areas, through the traditional markets as well as through the age-old barter system, under the acute threat of COVID-19 pandemic. It has been found that such traditional markets are the platform for the Karbi people of the rural areas, to channelise their local production and to generate a scope of earning for themselves under the lockdown phases of COVID-19 pandemic.

Tamgas of the 19th and Early 20th Century Yakuts (Sakha)

The article deals with tamga symbols which played a role in the socio-economic life and culture of the Central, Vilyuisk and Northern local groups of the Yakuts since the lineage-based society up to the early twentieth century. Tamgas were marks to identify kinship and social status, property, enjoyment and dispose of the owner’s property, as well as sacral symbols of religious beliefs and practices of the Yakuts. Tamga marks were used to denote numbers in the Yakut traditional number system. They are found on various seals and «eternal» calendars of the 17th – 19th centuries. Based on a comparative study of the tamga mark system of the Turkic-Mongolian peoples of Central Asia and Southern Siberia, an attempt was made to systematize various forms and names of the most common tamga of the Yakuts and to determine their functional aspect. It is suggested that tamga marks are primary in relation to the Turkic runic writing, as well as Yakut rune-like tamgas that the Turkic-speaking ancestors of the Yakuts brought to their modern territory before their acquaintance with the runic writing

A HINDU-ARABIC TO HAUSA NUMBER TRANSCRIPTION SYSTEM

The invention of numeration system is regarded as one of the great accomplishments of man, as it greatly assist man in expressing his communication needs and also serve as an important tool in language pedagogy, historical linguistics, comparative study of African languages and computational linguistics. However, numeral system is reported to be an endangered area being identified in the use and study of language, and in no distant time, the traditional number system of the African indigenous counting systems may lose its contact with the new generation. This paper presents a Hindu-Arabic to Hausa number transcription system. Secondary data used was sourced from literature. Context-Free Grammar (CFG) and Unified Modelling Language (UML) was used to design the system. The system designed was implemented using Python programming language. Mean Opinion Score (MOS) evaluation approach was used to evaluate the implemented system. The result of the evaluation on Numbers with Single Representations (NSR), and Numbers with Multiple Representations (NMR) is based on three (3) metrics: syllable accuracy, orthography accuracy and syntax accuracy. The experimental respondents’, system developed and human expert average scores on NSR were respectively 0%, 100% and 100% for syllable accuracy, 40.1%, 100% and 100% for orthography accuracy, and 62.8%, 100% and 100% for syntax accuracy. Similarly, the experimental respondents’, system developed and human expert average scores on NMR were respectively 0%, 100% and 100% for syllable accuracy, 21.4%, 100% and 100% for orthography accuracy, and 31.7%, 100% and 100% for syntax accuracy. The system transcribes from 1 to 1-billion, and the expert response confirmed the accuracy of the output of the system developed. The study concluded that among others, the system developed is of great importance in the teaching and learning of the traditional Hausa counting system. Future work on contextual Hausa numeral system analysis is recommended.

How the Brain Processes Numbers: What This Means for Math Education in West Africa

Teaching mathematics in West Africa is critical because of the collision of culture and brain function there. Numerical notions are significantly influenced by West African educational institutions, language diversity, and cultural aspects. Motivation and retention of mathematical concepts may be increased in pupils by Native American knowledge, language resources, and community-based activities. Maths instruction may involve the brain more fully with the use of technology-based techniques and neurodevelopmental research. Both mobile learning applications and digital learning platforms may provide engaging and conveniently available learning opportunities. Information that young people in West Africa get also heavily depends on the actions and engagement of their parents at home. Finding out how different languages spoken in the area, traditional number systems, and teaching approaches impact people’s capacity to understand numbers is the aim of this research. It addresses how, with parental involvement and at home activities, kids may learn mathematics and grow their brains. Furthermore, discussed is the need of cultural relevance in mathematical teaching. Understanding the effect of mental activities on the brain and gaining understanding about neurodevelopment help us to enhance customised learning. We utilised relevant published data (2004–2014) from diverse, reliable databases. The findings imply that to raise children’s interest in mathematics, teacher preparation programmes and technology-based methods should be used. Children in West Africa would therefore at last have more equal educational chances and improved neurodevelopmental results. Keywords: brain, numbers, mathematics, education, neurodevelopment, West Africa

Android-Based Digitalization of Number System of Traditional, Ngalum, Ketengban, Lepki and Arimtap Tribes

The influence of fast-growing globalization and modernization has a negative impact on the existence of Indonesian culture, namely the degradation of local cultural values and tribal identity crises which are marked by the extinction of various local languages throughout the archipelago. One area that is under threat of extinction of local languages is Papua Province. The symptoms threat of language extinction was discovered when the researcher conducted interviews with young generation from Ngalum, Ketengban, Lepki and Arimtap tribes who studied in Jayapura, Bandung, Salatiga, Semarang and Yogyakarta, which on average they were unable to count traditional numbers even though they were fluent in local languages. This shows that having fluent regional languages do not guarantee their ability in counting traditional numbers. Therefore, the author designs in this study an android-based digital application of traditional number system for Pegunungan Bintang tribe with the aim of facilitating young generation to recognize numbers 1 to 27 in the local language of each tribe and also this study is documented for the benefit of scientific development. Testing of this application is done using blackbox testing so that the obtained result is an application that can run properly according to its function where users can use this application to recognize numbers through sound when the numbers are pressed.

Subtraction in Traditional and Strange Number System by r's and r-1's Compliments

As most digital system cannot subtract, they can only add, so we needed a method of compliments to subtract. The knowledge of Compliments ,r’s and (r-1)’s in number systems, their representation, limits, is essential for understanding of computers and successful programming for digital devices In this paper we discussed r’s and (r-1)’s compliments subtraction through Traditional number system and Strange number system, their properties and subtraction in the light of different prospective. Traditional number system – binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal, in regular use and Strange number system, with an extra edge of memorized information with greater density, zero redundancy problem, avoiding sign problem and reducing complexity of interconnections, - unodecimal, duodecimal, tridecimal, quadrodecimal, pentadecimal, heptadecimal, octodecimal, nona decimal, vigesimal and further are discussed through

Why 20? Why 40? A possible explanation of a special role of numbers 20 and 40 in traditional number systems

Both historical and linguistic evidence shows that numbers 20 and 40 played a special role in many traditional numerical systems. The fact that, e.g., the same number 20 appears in unrelated cultures such as Romans and Mayans is an indication that this number must have a general explanation related to human experience. In this paper, we provide a possible explanation of 20 and 40 along these lines: namely, we show that these numbers can be identified as the smallest sample sizes for which we can extract statistically significant information. Mathematics Subject Classification: 01A12, 01A15

A combinatorial interpretation of double base number system and some consequences

In Signal Processing and Cryptography a non-standard number representation, called Double Base Number System (DBNS) has found many applications. This representation has many interesting and useful properties. In traditional number systems, there is one radix used to represent numbers. For example in decimal systems, numbers are expressed as sum of powers of 10. In DBNS numbers are represented as sum of product of powers of 2 radices. In the current article we present a scheme to represent numbers in double (and multi-) base format by combinatorial objects like graphs and diagraphs. The combinatorial representation leads to proof of some interesting results about the double and multibase representation of integers. These proofs are based on simple combinatorial arguments. In this article we have provided a graph theoretic proof of the recurrence relation satisfied by the number of double base representations of a given integer. The result has been further generalized to more than 2 bases. Also, we have uncovered some interesting properties of the sequence representing the number of double (multi-) base representation of a positive integer $n$. It is expected that the combinatorial representation can serve as a tool for a better understanding of the double (and multi-) base number systems and uncover some of the mysteries still associated with it.

Counting in Tongan: The Traditional Number Systems and Their Cognitive Implications

AbstractIs the application of more than one number system in a particular culture necessarily an indication of not having abstracted a general concept of number? Does this mean that specific number systems for certain objects are cognitively deficient? The opposite is the case with the traditional number systems in Tongan, where a consistent decimal system is supplemented by diverging systems for certain objects, in which 20 seems to play a special role. Based on an analysis of their linguistic, historical and cultural context, we will show that the supplementary systems did not precede the general system, but were rather derived from it. Especially when notation is lacking, having such supplementary systems can even yield cognitive advantages. In using larger counting units, they both abbreviate counting and expand the limits of the general system, thus facilitating the cognitive task of mental arithmetic.