Traditional Medicine Literature Research Articles

Oleander attenuates hepatic inflammation in a TLR4-independent manner and by favorable modulation of hepatocellular global metabolome that supports cytoprotection

Ethnopharmacological relevanceNerium oleander is used to treat liver-associated chronic metabolic diseases in traditional medicinal systems across the globe. The hepatoprotective effects of oleander are mentioned in Indian and Chinese traditional medicinal literature. Aim of the studyThe present study aimed to investigate the cellular mechanisms behind the hepatoprotective effects of a non-toxic dose of oleander (NO). Materials and methodsThe hepatoprotective effects of NO were tested against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated HepG2 cells. Oxidative stress response was studied using cellular enzymatic assays, and gene expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR. HepG2 cells were pretreated with TAK-242 (pharmacological inhibitor of TLR4) to decipher the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of NO. Cell-free metabolites were analyzed using GCMS and were subjected to pathway enrichment analysis. ResultsNO reduced systemic inflammation, serum lipid peroxidation byproducts, and glucose without affecting serum transaminase levels and hepatic histopathological features. NO attenuated the inflammation-induced loss of antioxidant enzyme activities and mRNA expressions of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor κβ (NFκβ)-dependent inflammatory genes. In TAK-242 pretreated cells, LPS was unable to induce inflammatory and oxidative responses. However, NO treatment in TAK-242 pretreated cells with LPS stimulation further reduced the signs of inflammation and improved hepatoprotective activities. A comparative analysis of the intracellular global metabolome from HepG2 cells with and without NO treatment indicated NO-mediated favorable modulation of intracellular metabolic pathways that support cytoprotective activities. ConclusionNO protects HepG2 cells from LPS-induced oxidative and inflammatory injury. The hepatoprotective effects of NO are mediated by a TLR4-independent process and through a favorable modulation of the intracellular global metabolome that supports cytoprotection.

Sustainable Bioactive Composite of Glehnia littoralis Extracts for Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Formation

Different bone-related diseases are mostly caused by the disruption of bone formation and bone resorption, including osteoporosis. Traditional medicinal literature has reported the possible anti-osteoporotic properties of Glehnia littoralis. However, the chemical compounds in extracts that are responsible for bone metabolism are poorly understood. The present study aimed to explore and compare the coumarin-based compounds present in G. littoralis extracts, the antioxidant activities, and the anti-osteoporotic properties of different extracts of G. littoralis (leaf and stem, fruit, whole plant, and root extracts) on bone metabolism. This study analyzed G. littoralis extract effects on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Among the different tested samples, stem extracts had the highest scopoletin (53.0 mg/g), and umbelliferone (1.60 mg/g). The significantly (p < 0.05) highest amounts of imperatorin (31.9 mg/g) and phellopterin (2.3 mg/g), were observed in fruit and whole plant extracts, respectively. Furthermore, the results confirmed alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, mineralization, osteocalcin content, and osterix and RUNX2 expression. G. littoralis extracts at concentrations greater than 20 µg/mL had particularly adverse effects on MC3T3-E1 cell viability and proliferation. Notably, cell proliferation was significantly elevated at lower G. littoralis concentrations. Comparatively, 0.5 µg/mL stem had a higher osteocalcin content. Of the four extract types, stem showed a higher collagen synthesis effect at concentrations of 0.5–5 µg/mL. Except for fruit extracts, G. littoralis extract treatment significantly elevated osterix gene expression. All G. littoralis extracts increased RUNX2 gene expression. The results described here indicate that G. littoralis ethanolic extracts can effectively prevent osteoporosis.

Hepatoprotective Native Plants Documented in Brazilian Traditional Medicine Literature: Current Knowledge and Prospects.

The native flora of Brazil covers a large biodiversity of plants, some of which have important pharmacological properties. Ethnobotanical studies have established that the folk use of plants for hepatobiliary disorders is very common in Brazil. This review aimed to compile, describe and discuss the main native Brazilian medicinal plants used as hepatoprotective agents listed on 25 books by authors from various regions in the country. Based on the 153 species found, a comprehensive analysis of the most relevant scientific studies is presented, including Piper umbellatum, Echinodorus macrophyllus, Fevillea trilobata and Achyrocline satureioides. Some medicinal plants share both a large number of citations and scientific evidence to corroborate their hepatoprotective effects, including Solanum paniculatum, Baccharis crispa and Phyllanthus niruri, which could be of interest to develop new phytomedicines. Additionally, some active ingredients are indicated as being responsible for the liver protective effects described, particularly phenolic compounds (flavonoids, coumestans and lignans).

Gentians, natural remedies for future of visceral pain control; an ethnopharmacological review with an in silico approach.

Different gentian preparations are used as traditional remedies for internal pain control in: Persian traditional medicine (PTM), Chinese traditional medicine (CTM) and Ancient Greek medicine (AGM) from the time of the Roman Empire. Objective: To present a survey of the ethnopharmacological applications of gentians recorded as being used in Eastern and Western traditional medical systems (PTM, CTM and AGM) and their pharmacological effects, chemical composition as well as an in silico investigation of the possible active component/s for the alleviation of internal pain via molecular docking studies. Major traditional medicine literature (PTM, CTM and AGM, 50 AD- 1770) and ethnobotanical studies for the application of gentians were reviewed. Nine European species representing 5 of the 13 sections currently attributed to Gentiana were selected. Chemical compounds and pharmacological activity data of these species were gathered from different databases including Google Scholar, PubChem, PubMed and Web of Science (between 1972 and 2020). The possible active constituents of gentians on visceral pain receptors were investigated, in silico. In all investigated literature, traditional uses of gentian were indicated to have anti-nociceptive effects on visceral pain and possess diuretic action. According to our computational study, acylated flavonoid glycosides, viz. trans-feruloyl-2"-isovitexin (33), trans-feruloyl-2"-isovitexin-4'-O-β-D-glucoside (34), iso-orientin-4'-O-glucoside (38), trans-caffeoyl-2"-iso-orientin-4'-O-β-D-glucoside (39), iso-orientin-2"-O-β-D-glucoside (40) and isoscoparin (41), might be responsible for visceral pain reduction by interacting with the purinergic receptor (P2X3) and vanilloid receptor 1 (TrpV1). This finding shows a good correlation with different traditional gentian uses in Persian, Chinese and European ethnomedicine for visceral pain control.

Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer hydrolysates alleviate lipid accumulation, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in palmitic acid-treated human hepatoma G2 cells

Ethnopharmacological relevanceNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common hepatic diseases closely intertwined with saturated fatty acids intake. Therefore, various studies are being conducted to find natural substances to prevent either the onset or progression of NAFLD. According to traditional medicinal literature, it has been reported that Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer (GB) has systemic detoxifying activity; however, the preventive effects of GB on NAFLD have not been elucidated to date. Aim of studyTo evaluate the potential of GB as a material for the mitigation of NAFLD, we investigated the effects of GB hydrolysates on the hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in human hepatoma G2 (Hep G2) cells treated with palmitic acid (PA). MethodsSteamed and dried GB was defatted, pulverized, and then lyophilized following hydrolyzation using Neutrase® (GB-N) or Flavourzyme® (GB-F). Hep G2 cells were incubated with GB-N or GB-F at various concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) for 24 h, and then PA was treated for another 24 h. ResultsThe GB-N and GB-F significantly prevented the PA-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in the human liver cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, the GB-N and GB-F increased the hepatic cellular viability against the PA-treatment (p < 0.05). In addition, the GB-N and GB-F significantly ameliorated the PA-inducible proinflammatory cytokines mRNA expression, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, compared to the PA-treated hepatic cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the GB-N and GB-F inhibited the PA-inducible lipogenic mRNA expression, such as fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (p < 0.05). Moreover, the GB-N and GB-F alleviated the ER stress-related mRNA expression, such as glucose regulatory protein 78 and X-box binding protein increased in PA-treated cells (p < 0.05). ConclusionsThese results indicate that GB-N and GB-F could be used as materials to prevent the NAFLD onset or progression with alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and ER stress.

Herbal, Animal and Mineral Remedies in Burn Wound: a review of Persian Traditional Medicine literature

Background: Burn wound is one of the most common injuries worldwide. However, its management still remains a health concern and research is ongoing for more efficient therapies. Persian medicine has described different methods in this regard. Previous reviews have mostly focused on the herbal-based therapies for burn management. Hence, the current study aimed to review both non-herbal and herbal-based therapies used in Persian medicine for their burn healing properties, and to compare them with new evidence.Method: The most important texts of Persian medicine were reviewed for burn wound classification, managements and treatment approaches. Moreover, herbal, minerals, and animal-based products claimed to possess burn wound healing activity, were extracted. In the next step, digital databases were searched to find new supporting data for the extracted-traditional remedies and their healing mechanisms.Results: More than one hundred traditional medicinal herbs, minerals, and animal-based products have been recommended to treat burn wound in Persian medicine among them, the healing effect of thirty-five herbs and eight non-herbal treatments (mineral and animal-based compounds) were supported by new evidence. Otherwise, there was not new evidence reporting the healing effect of seventy-three herbs and sixteen non-herbal compounds extracted from Persian Medicine literature.Conclusion: Although some managements of burn wounds in Persian medicine have been confirmed by new evidence, the efficacy of a plenty of materials needs to be methodically evaluated. Hence, it could introduce new clues for future research.

Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of Methanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of Vernonia auriculifera Hiern (Asteraceae) in Mice.

BackgroundMedicinal plants play an important role in treating various diseases. Vernonia auriculifera Hiern is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for the management of wounds. However, there were no scientific reports documented so far on the wound healing activities to substantiate the claim. Thus, the present study provides a scientific evaluation for the wound healing potential of the crude extract as well as solvent fractions of the leaves of Vernonia auriculifera Hiern.MethodsExtraction was carried out by maceration using 80% methanol and part of the crude extract fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous solvents. Simple ointment bases were prepared using hard paraffin, cetostearyl alcohol, white soft paraffin and wool fat according to British Pharmacopoeia. Then, two types of ointment formulations were prepared from the extract, ie, 5% w/w and 10% w/w. Mice and rats were employed for wound healing study and dermal toxicity test, respectively. Wound healing effects were evaluated by percent of wound contraction, period of epithelialization, tensile strength, and histological analysis as parameters in excision, incision, and burn wound models. Finally, the data were expressed as mean ± SEM, and the results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey-test.ResultsIn the excision wound model, the 10% w/w crude extract ointment showed significant wound contraction (P < 0.001) from day 4 to day 18 as compared to the negative control. Both the 5% w/w (P < 0.001) and 10% w/w (P < 0.05) crude extract ointments have showed statistically significant difference in epithelialization period as compared to the negative control. Groups treated with the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions ointments in incision wound model showed a statistically significant (P < 0.001) increase in tensile. The 10% w/w and 5% w/w ointments of the crude extract showed a significant (P < 0.001) increase in breaking strength compared to simple ointment and the untreated control groups. In burn wound model, significant reduction in epithelialization period was observed in 5% w/w (P < 0.05) and 10% w/w (P < 0.001), and the percentage of wound contraction was significantly increased in most of post wounding days by 10% w/w (P < 0.001) and 5% w/w (P < 0.05) crude extract ointments and compared to the negative control.ConclusionThe crude, aqueous, and ethyl acetate fraction of Vernonia auriculifera leaves possess wound healing activities. This finding justifies the use of the leaves of this plant for wound healing as claimed in the traditional medicine literature.

Review on Medicinal Importance of Moringa Olifera Leaf for Treating Anemic Conditions

Moringa olifera is a traditional medicinal plant that belongs to family moringaceae. It is also called as “Miracle tree”. It is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, essential amino acids and considered as one of the highly nutritious plants. Moringa olifera a multiuse plant is used as a food and medicinal uses. It has various pharmacological activities such as analgesic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, anticancer, antioxidant, nootropic, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, antiulcer, anticancer, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, cardiovascular, antiobesity, antiasthamatic and antidiarrheal properties. This review is a collective summary of phytochemical, pharmacological activity and therapeutic importance of this medicinal herb. Moringa olifera has numerous medicinal uses and it is used to treat many diseases conditions. The review has focused on various properties of Moringa Olifera and therapeutic importance of moringa olifera and its chemical constituents Moringa oleifera is considered to be one of the beneficial plant which has higher medicinal values. Its various nutritional properties made the people across the world to use for its health benefits. The leaf of moringa is considered to have more effective property in curing many diseases though other parts of Moringa oleifera possess less effective properties. The chemical compound of Moringa leaf has high content when compared to other parts and some chemical compounds are present only in leaf of Moringa. Moringa leaf can be used for various health conditions such as Anaemia, Diabetes, Asthma, Inflammation, and Ulcer, Tumor growth, Microbial growth and Plasmodia (Malaria). Anaemia is one of the threatening disorder which is spread all over the world, anaemia occur due to various conditions in which majority is iron deficiency anaemia due to low iron content in plasma. The decrease in haemoglobin will give rise to anaemic condition. From traditional medicine literature study, IDA can be treated by daily consumption of Moringa leaf syrup. The review w

Identification of candidate medicinal herbs for skincare via data mining of the classic Donguibogam text on Korean medicine

BackgroundKorean cosmetics are widely exported throughout Asia. Cosmetics exploiting traditional Korean medicine lead this trend; thus, the traditional medicinal literature has been invaluable in terms of cosmetic development. We sought candidate medicinal herbs for skincare. MethodsWe used data mining to investigate associations between medicinal herbs and skin-related keywords (SRKs) in a classical text. We selected 26 SRKs used in the Donguibogam text; these referred to 626 medicinal herbs. Using a term frequency-inverse document frequency approach, we extracted data on herbal characteristics by assessing the co-occurrence frequencies of 52 medicinal herbs and the 26 SRKs. ResultsWe extracted the characteristics of the 52 herbs, each of which exhibited a distinct skin-related action profile. For example Ginseng Radix was associated at a high-level with tonification and anti-aging, but Rehmanniae Radix exhibited a stronger association with anti-aging. Of the 52 herbs, 46 had been subjected to at least one modern study on skincare-related efficacy. ConclusionsWe made a comprehensive list of candidate medicinal herbs for skincare via data mining a classical medical text. This enhances our understanding of such herbs and will help with discovering new candidate herbs.

Plants used for cosmetics in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: A case study of skin care

Cosmetology is the science of change of appearance and has been practiced since ancient times. In South Africa, especially Eastern Cape, the concept of using plants for beautification finds its origin in the traditional medicine literature. Moreover, herbal extract as a whole or part thereof has been used since time immemorial for various ailments of the skin, hair, and for overall appearance. Recently, the interest of consumers in the use of herbal cosmetics has been stimulated by the decline of faith in modern cosmetic products based on the beliefs that herbal cosmetics contain natural ingredients that are less dangerous to the skin and thereby superior to synthetic cosmetics and the reference to successful historical use by different cultures. A number of South African plants have been evaluated for their cosmetic potential. In this article, we reviewed 105 plant species used by the people of Eastern Cape Province for various cosmetic purposes with a majority of them used for skin care (70 species) and dental care (6 species). These plants are distributed in 59 families with the Asteraceae being the most represented with 9 species, followed by Fabaceae (7 species), Asphodelaceae (5 species), Lamiaceae (4 species), Apocynaceae (3 species), Hyacinthaceae (3 species), and other families with two to one species each. The results of the studies conducted confirmed the potential of the Eastern Cape medicinal plants in cosmetic products and identified a number of promising species for further investigation as plant-based cosmetic agents.

Herbal Medicine for Oligomenorrhea and Amenorrhea: A Systematic Review of Ancient and Conventional Medicine.

Introduction Menstrual bleeding cessation is one of the most frequent gynecologic disorders among women in reproductive age. The treatment is based on hormone therapy. Due to the increasing request for alternative medicine remedies in the field of women's diseases, in present study, it was tried to overview medicinal plants used to treat oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea according to the pharmaceutical textbooks of traditional Persian medicine (TPM) and review the evidence in the conventional medicine. Methods This systematic review was designed and performed in 2017 in order to gather information regarding herbal medications of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in TPM and conventional medicine. This study had several steps as searching Iranian traditional medicine literature and extracting the emmenagogue plants, classifying the plants, searching the electronic databases, and finding evidences. To search traditional Persian medicine references, Noor digital library was used, which includes several ancient traditional medical references. The classification of plants was done based on the repetition and potency of the plants in the ancient literatures. The required data was gathered using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and web of knowledge. Results In present study of all 198 emmenagogue medicinal plants found in TPM, 87 cases were specified to be more effective in treating oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea. In second part of present study, where a search of conventional medicine was performed, 12 studies were found, which had 8 plants investigated: Vitex agnus-castus, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Foeniculum vulgare, Cinnamomum verum, Paeonia lactiflora, Sesamum indicum, Mentha longifolia, and Urtica dioica. Conclusion. Traditional Persian medicine has proposed many different medicinal plants for treatment of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea. Although just few plants have been proven to be effective for treatment of menstrual irregularities, the results and the classification in present study can be used as an outline for future studies and treatment.

Ethanol Extract of Cissus quadrangularis Enhances Osteoblast Differentiation and Mineralization of Murine Pre-Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells.

Traditional medicinal literature and previous studies have reported the possible role of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) as an anti-osteoporotic agent. This study examines the effectiveness of CQ in promoting osteoblast differentiation of the murine pre-osteoblast cell line, MC3T3-E1. Ethanolic extract of CQ (CQ-E) was found to affect growth kinetics of MC3T3-E1 cells in a dosage-dependent manner. High concentrations of CQ-E (more than 10 μg/ml) have particularly adverse effects, while lower concentrations of 0.1 and 1 µg/ml were non-toxic and did not affect cell viability. Notably, cell proliferation was significantly increased at the lower concentrations of CQ-E. CQ-E treatment also augmented osteoblast differentiation, as reflected by a substantial increase in expression of the early osteoblast marker ALP activity, and at later stage, by mineralization of extracellular matrix compared to the control group. These findings suggest dose-dependent effect of CQ-E with lower concentrations exhibiting anabolic and osteogenic properties. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 540-547, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effect of portulaca olearecea and its interaction with vecuronium on neuromuscular junction in experimental animals

Background: The extracts from the plant Portulaca oleracrea have been mentioned to have muscle relaxant properties in traditional medicine literatures and used as a food supplement. The site of therapeutic action is directly on muscle fibres rather than neuromuscular transmission.The muscle relaxant property is found to be similar with dantrolene in frog rectus abdominis .So objectives of our study to analyze the effect of Portulaca oleracea and its interaction with vecuronium on the neuromuscular junction in experimental animal.Methods: The study was conducted in two parts i.e. study 1 and study 2. In study 1:2 ml and 4 ml Portulaca oleracea fresh aqueous leave juice was given orally to 12 number rabbits and vecuronium 5 microgram/ml was given intravenously to all 6 rats through marginal ear vein with the help of scalp vein attached with 10 ml syringe. The head drop time is recorded and reversal of neuromuscular blockade was done with neostigmine (0.25 mg/kg) along with atropine (2 mg). Study 2: 2 ml and 4 ml of Portulaca oleracea fresh aqueous leave juice was tested on frog's isolated rectus abdominis muscle in Dales’s isolated organ bath and its interaction with vecuronium (1 mmole-32 mmole) was recorded.Results: Portulaca oleracea has muscle relaxant properties, which was recorded which was indicated by decreasing the time of head drop and complete block in study 1. In study 2, it also decreased the Ach induced contraction in presence of vecuronium.Conclusions: The results indicate the muscle relaxant properties fresh juice of Portulac Oleracea probably due to high content of potassium.

Liver function and anemia pathogenesis in Iranian traditional medicine.

Background:Nutritional deficiency, bleeding, and inflammation are three main causes of anemia. On the other hand, erythropoietin (EPO) production, iron availability, and a healthy bone marrow are essential for erythropoiesis. Recently, recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been used to treat the patients already taking iron supplements. In Iranian traditional medicine literature, much has been written about anemia and its treatment.Objectives:This study aimed to review Iranian traditional medicine theories in the treatment of anemia.Materials and Methods:In the present study, authors have attempted to find the etiology and pathogenesis of anemia in Iranian traditional Medicine Literature and the views of ancient physicians in this field.Results:Our findings proved that Iranian traditional medicine defined anemia as blood humor production dysfunction, which is caused by several reasons mainly hepatic dysfunction. Thus, liver is supposed to be the most important organ in this regard. This will make considering hepatoprotective medicines in anemia even in patients with non-hepatic problems.Conclusions:The article presents the relation between anemia and liver dysfunction viewed by Iranian traditional medicine as an important finding in designing a treatment plan. Despite the new findings on the evaluation of liver function (i.e. laboratory tests), it seems that further studies for earlier evaluation of liver function in anemia are highly required.

An Overview on Chemical Composition, Bioactivity and Processing of Leaves of Cinnamomum tamala

Dried leaves of Cinnamomum tamala, also known as Indian bay leaves, are a lesser-known spice used in the Indian subcontinent. It imparts a warm, peppery, clove-cinnamon like flavor to a variety of food preparations. Besides food applications, the leaves have also been traditionally used for curing a number of ailments and for other perceived health benefits. They find mention in the Aurvedic, Yunani, and other traditional medicinal literature. This review summarizes the effect of Cinnamomum tamala leaves on biological systems such as immune system, gastro-intestinal tract, liver and its antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity. Chemical components that may be responsible for its flavor as well as bioactivity, have also been discussed.

A rewiew on pharmacological activity of Murraya Koinigii and there effective doses

The traditional medicine literature describes the potential role of plants as a source of many vitamins and a domestic remedy for many disorders like diabetes, cancer, arthritis and many others. There is a proportional increase in demand for herbal products both locally and internationally. Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae) is one of the two species of Murraya found in Peninsular Malaysia. The plant usually cultivated for its aromatic leaves is normally used for natural flavouring in curries and sauces. This plant is also distributed in India, Andaman Islands and throughout Central and Southeast Asia. The plant was spread to Malaysia, South Africa and Reunion Island by South Asian immigrants. Parts of the plant have been used as raw material for traditional medicine formulation in India. Murraya koenigii is used traditionally as antiemetic, antidiarrhoeal, febrifuge and blood purifier. The whole plant is considered to be a tonic and stomachic. The leaves are used extensively as a flavouring agent in curries and chutneys. Phytochemical screening of Murraya koenigii revealed the presence of some vitamins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds and mineral content such as calcium, iron, zinc and vanadium etc. in addition, carbazole alkaloid present in Murraya koenigii. The current review provides a detailed report of the pharmacological and pre-clinical works carried out on this culinary plant and also throws light on its therapeutic effective doses.The traditional medicine literature describes the potential role of plants as a source of many vitamins and a domestic remedy for many disorders like diabetes, cancer, arthritis and many others. There is a proportional increase in demand for herbal products both locally and internationally. Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae) is one of the two species of Murraya found in Peninsular Malaysia. The plant usually cultivated for its aromatic leaves is normally used for natural flavouring in curries and sauces. This plant is also distributed in India, Andaman Islands and throughout Central and Southeast Asia. The plant was spread to Malaysia, South Africa and Reunion Island by South Asian immigrants. Parts of the plant have been used as raw material for traditional medicine formulation in India. Murraya koenigii is used traditionally as antiemetic, antidiarrhoeal, febrifuge and blood purifier. The whole plant is considered to be a tonic and stomachic. The leaves are used extensively as a flavouring agent in curries and chutneys. Phytochemical screening of Murraya koenigii revealed the presence of some vitamins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds and mineral content such as calcium, iron, zinc and vanadium etc. in addition, carbazole alkaloid present in Murraya koenigii. The current review provides a detailed report of the pharmacological and pre-clinical works carried out on this culinary plant and also throws light on its therapeutic effective doses.