Traditional Industrial Clusters Research Articles

Spatio-temporal agglomeration and morphological causes of Shanghai catering clusters

This study employed the Gaussian Mixture Model to identify the location evolution and two-dimensional morphology of catering clusters in Shanghai in 2016, 2018 and 2020. We used the two-way fixed model to analyze the relationship between the location and type change of catering clusters and the other five land use types (17 types of POIs). The findings revealed that although restaurants follow the agglomeration mode under the principle of cumulative attraction, it is inconsistent with the rolling diffusion mode of traditional industrial clusters. Large clusters with obvious indigenous scale advantages evolve into more clusters with relative scale advantages and agglomeration forms relying on one or more buildings and spreading along the street. While the former has a more substantial economic contribution, the latter has stronger spatial expansion. The spatial combination of urban ring road expansion and residential land, land for commercial services, land for entertainment, and scenic spots determines the location selection and structural differences of catering clusters. Our findings can help Shanghai alleviate the siphoning effect in the central urban area.

Reshaping Chinese rural skilled workers flow in urban industrial clusters for clean air

Sustainable development goals (SDGs) connect relationship between clean air action and creating decent work. In this study, a work matching model was proposed, coupled with cost loss of pollution emissions to quantify work inequity of rural skilled workers in 4 major pollution industries across 27 regions in China and mapped the spatial changes of labor flow. It was found that the employment scale in some traditional urban industrial clusters with high pollution emissions was shrinking, while that in some emerging ones with low pollution emissions was expanding. Considering the impact of clean air action on labor market, we also found that employment structure of rural skilled workers in the top 20% income regions was significantly better than that in the bottom 20%. We demonstrate that improving human capital of rural skilled workers not only increase individual income but also contribute to work equity under urbanization. Our approach can serve as an evaluation rule of thumb for labor market affected by environmental policy.

The changing fortunes and future prospects of a traditional industrial cluster: Woollen textile production in the Scottish Borders

I examine the development and current situation of the woollen knitwear and woven fabric industry in the Scottish Borders. The paper opens with a brief theoretical exposition of the logic and dynamics of industrial clusters. An overview of the consolidation of the industry as a multifaceted spatial cluster or agglomeration in the 19th century is presented. I then describe changes in the locational structure and productive capacities of the industry over the last several decades. I provide a diagnosis of the industry’s decline in recent years together with an assessment of relevant stocks of region-based resources and capabilities. I argue that the Scottish Borders region lacks many of the pooled competitive advantages typically found in successful clusters but that carefully modulated policy could do much to improve local economic performance in the future. A number of specific policy guidelines focussed on inter-industrial relations, labour markets and institutional infrastructures are examined.

Evolutionary Path and Innovative Development of Pharmaceutical Industrial Cluster-A Case Study of Shijiazhuang, China.

The innovation and development practices of the pharmaceutical industry are of great importance for the continual enhancement of public health. Industrial clusters are one of the important means by which the pharmaceutical industry can be transformed and developed, but there is a lack of research on the evolutionary path and development innovation of pharmaceutical industrial clusters. As a country with a major pharmaceutical industry, the transformation and development path of traditional pharmaceutical industrial clusters in China has important reference value for the sustainable development of the global pharmaceutical industry. Through an analysis of the evolution of traditional pharmaceutical industrial clusters in Shijiazhuang, this study explores the law of the dynamic evolution of pharmaceutical industrial clusters and the associated mechanisms. Specifically, we conclude that the evolutionary path of traditional pharmaceutical industrial clusters can be divided into the government-led pharmaceutical industrial cluster start-up stage, the government-guided pharmaceutical industrial cluster development stage, and the government-served pharmaceutical industrial cluster transformation stage. The operating mechanisms include a self-organization mechanism, an innovation-driven mechanism, and an outward associated mechanism, each of which plays different roles in the different stages of the dynamic evolution of the cluster, and the synergistic operation of the three mechanisms forms an important basis for the evolution of pharmaceutical industrial clusters. We found that the innovation development of traditional pharmaceutical industrial clusters is influenced by the synergy of the self-organization, innovation-driven, and outward associated mechanisms. The self-organization mechanism is a necessary condition for pharmaceutical industrial clusters to realize the transition from disorder to order. The innovation-driven mechanism is the core driving force for the innovative development of pharmaceutical industrial clusters. Finally, the outward associated mechanism is the main means by which pharmaceutical industrial clusters integrate into the global value chain.

From suppliers to nodes in global value chains: An upgradation of the ICT cluster of Pakistan through regional and national innovation systems.

The bottom-level weaker position of developing countries industrial clusters in GVCs make them prone to the threats of non-compliance of international standards and power dominance by lead firm in GVCs as empirically evident from the traditional industrial clusters of Pakistan. In the context of sceptical literature on the upgrading of supplier firms in GVCs, this research argues that the GVC analysis is limited because the GVC approach takes a quite identifiable linear perspective because the main actors taken into account are firms along the value chain and the lack of attention to the institutional context within which local firms interacting in GVC are embedded. The main research question is how do the innovation systems at the regional and national level support industrial clustered firms in their ability to upgrade from a position of SUPPLIERS to NODES in GVC through the links with knowledge institutes embedded in ISs and GVCs. This research tests the hypotheses using an empirical study of the ICT clusters of Pakistan significantly agglomerated in the cities of Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi. The econometric analysis of cluster firms’ data shows that knowledge links with the knowledge institutes do not support the upgrading of firms in GVC. The policy implications for the upgradation of industrial clusters through the assessment of knowledge links is drawn for the other developing countries.

Methods of calculating the efficiency of clusters and possible modalities for their development

The objective of the article is to analyze the method of calculating the efficiency of high-tech clusters and alternative models of their development. Method. The methodological basis of the study is a series of general and specific cognition methods. In the research process, the following were used: the formal-logical method, the system and the structural, comparative-legal, logical-legal and other scientific research methods. Results of the investigation. Four groups of efficiency indicators of the organizational and economic regulation mechanism of the administrative activity of a business cluster are defined. The difference between traditional industrial clusters and innovation clusters is considered. Examples of successful cluster operation in some countries around the world are studied. Practical meaning. It is emphasized that the efficiency of the cluster, and therefore its development, is significantly influenced by the availability of scientific potential and activity of research institutes, as well as access to non-reimbursable funds (institutions, agencies) and the operation of technology parks. Value / originality. It is observed that due to globalization, the role of clusters in competition is increasingly important. In this context, the forms of cluster development in Ukraine were proposed, as well as examples of successful clusters in Ukraine were considered.

Coastal Tourism Commodity Industry Cluster Based on Diamond Model and Ecological Niche

Luo X.-Y., 2019. Coastal tourism commodity industry cluster based on diamond model and ecological niche. In: Gong, D.; Zhu, H., and Liu, R. (eds.), Selected Topics in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 94, pp. 828–832. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Under the background of “all-for-one” tourism, it is worth studying whether the tourism commodity industry can and how to take the path of coastal cluster. China's marine tourism alone ushered in unprecedented diversified development. Based on the evaluation and analysis of the diamond model for the development of traditional industrial clusters, this paper constructs an evaluation model of coastal tourism commodity industrial clusters that taking “consumption demand and market development” as an essential element, and makes an example analysis. Meanwhile, according to the niche theory, the principle of niche breadth and niche overlap, the niche model of strategic layout of coastal tourism commodity industry cluster is established based on the resource and environment utilization status, intracoastal competition and cooperation status and R and D innovation status. The author analyzes the industrial defects under the realistic model, and puts forward the coastal industrial development strategies of dislocation layout, niche expansion, virtual niche and niche policy optimization.

Research on the Influence of Cluster Innovation on the Upgrading of Cluster Enterprises under the Background of “Internet +”—Take Zhejiang Pharmaceutical Chemicals Cluster for Example

With the introduction of the “Internet +” action, the upgrading of traditional industrial clusters has ushered in new opportunities and challenges. The enhancement of the cluster enterprise's innovation advantage can promote the upgrading, and the innovation advantage can be reflected in the enhancement of the enterprise's learning ability. This paper conducted a questionnaire survey on Zhejiang pharmaceutical chemicals cluster. Under the background of “Internet +”, the empirical analysis found that knowledge transformation ability and knowledge application ability have a positive impact on the cluster enterprises' upgrading. The knowledge acquisition ability can only promote the product upgrading of the cluster, and it has no effect on the process upgrading. Organizational philosophy and team support have a positive regulatory role in the relationship between cluster innovation and cluster enterprises' upgrading, while supervisor support has no significant impact.

Case Study on Enterprise Behavior Considering Cluster Brand

The industrial cluster brand is the carrier of the regional economic development. The Zhejiang economy is characterized by industrial clusters. At the same time of rapid economic development, some cluster brands featuring local industries have emerged. This paper analyzes the brand building of mature traditional industry clusters through the case of “Jinhua Ham” industrial cluster. Finally, it puts forward the policy construction of brand building of industrial clusters.

Public-Private Partnership as Timely Innovation Factor of the USA

PPP (public-private partnership) is traditionally considered as a supplementary tool of spurring economic activity in specific areas. But in innovations such a union proves to become especially vital in modern situation of NBIC-revolution (Industrial Revolution 4.0). The article examines why and how a Network of Radical Innovation PPPs in USA (Manufacturing USATM) became the major zest of Obama’s economic policy and what can be done for their more active development under President D. Trump, should such a will become real under his rule. As shown below, the Manufacturing USA Network creates basis for Greenfield birth and/or sprouting of new NBIC-technologies through traditional industrial clusters, reviving their most perspective segments and elements and thus giving chances for new sustainable competitive growth of USA economy within global market. Notwithstanding general assumption of US national innovation system as decentralized and based on private innovation entrepreneurship (corporations), contemporary economic reality gives little chance for US firms to be competitive in cutting- edge technologies of the future without pre-competitive cooperation with each-others, with the State and with academic sector (research universities) using smart PPP models. Radical innovation PPPs (RIPPPs), thus, are turning into indispensable new element of US innovation mechanism. Perspectives of US innovation and industrial system without RIPPPs look gloomy as without joint federal and academic support US-based corporations (both transnational corporations and nationally-oriented firms) cannot timely obtain substantial sustainable competitive technological advantage over their foreign counterparts. Usage of PPP tool is not uncommon for America as back in 1987 USA established world’s first Innovation PPP called SEMATECH aimed at fostering semiconductor industry in face of Japan growing global leadership in semiconductors. But today such cooperation is needed throughout a bunch of mutually-dependent and interconnected NBIC- technologies among which IT is only a separate one. The article shows that RIPPP system has both theoretical, pragmatic and political aspects and US leading parties do not coincide on this important subject. Author proves that RIPPP is in the interest of all sectors of economy as RIPPPs develop mainly radical general- purpose technologies (as, for example, was ICT-technology for USA in 1980-1990). Notwithstanding that no progress yet made in Innovation PPPs by administration of D. Trump, Manufacturing USA net grows and new international innovation partnerships with US participation demonstrate growing internation al importance of such cooperation: BRAIN Initiative declared at the Australian Academy of Science in Canberra in December 2017 by representatives of the United States, Australia, Europe, Japan and Korea is declared to unite USA with major countries of former Trans-Pacific Partnership Trade Agreement, TPP (Including USA, Australia, Japan, Korea) notwithstanding the fact that D. Trump forced USA to leave TPP in 2017. This International RIPPP is the first example of precompetitive cooperation in artificial intelligence (AI) field. International RIPPPs tend to form an important new node in global innovation system.

Creative clusters and the evolution of knowledge and skills: From industrial to creative glassmaking

Glassmaking is considered part of the craft sector and represents an interesting cross-over between design and artistic research and industrial (material and technical) innovation and understanding. However, in the history of glassmaking – which has for centuries concentrated in regions that could provide energy and primary materials – we can recognise the struggle for preserving and developing glass making skills through processes of skill development and deskilling. The paper reflects on the emergence of new craft-based glassmaking in post-industrial contexts where glass was traditionally produced industrially, giving us the opportunity to question processes of deskilling, re-skilling and upskilling in relation to industrial, post-industrial and creative making. Using in-depth qualitative interviews across two case studies of glassmaking clusters in the UK cities of Sunderland (North East) and Stourbridge (West Midlands) we consider the role of tradition and local knowledge as well as the importance of networks and infrastructure. We propose to investigate how the old industrial past of these two locations, specifically how knowledge and skills are traditionally lost, is reinvented and re-used in the new glass making work taking place today. Finally, the paper reflects on how skills and knowledge from traditional industrial clusters might connect to new models of flexible and specialised production in the creative and cultural industries through phases of deskilling, reskilling and upskilling.

Socially Oriented Clustering of a Region's Economy: Specifics and Principles

The paper identifies key specific features of forming socially oriented clusters in economic space of regions. The author reveals differences between socially oriented clusters and classical industrial clusters, which arise from specifics of development resources, parameters of a cluster’s core, nature of relations with authorities, mechanisms for supporting and financing clusters. The paper pays particular attention to the principles of socially oriented clustering (priority of the quality of human capital, public-private partnership, assignment of powers, succession, realism, adaptability, goal setting, and relevance). The author concludes that under strengthening influence of anthropocentric models of economic develop? ment, the importance of clustering processes in socially important spheres is growing. Socially oriented clusters often have a distinct regional character and differ from traditional (industrial) clusters in a num? ber of features (nature of emergence, purposes, structure, etc.). The researcher justifies his approach to socially oriented clustering in a region treating it as a process of clusters’ formation and functioning, which contributes to creation of a single spatial environment of a region for developing components of human capital, innovations and ensuring self-development of a region. Active processes of socially oriented clustering can change the role of cities by transforming them from industrial complexes to mul? tifunctional centres. Conclusions and recommendations presented in the work can be useful for federal and regional authorities in designing and adopting strategic plans of regional development, planning spatial development of regions.

The Innovation Mechanisms Underlying both Cutting-edge and Traditional Industry Clusters

The factors that comprise a cluster and the state of interorganizational networks will differ depending on the nature of the product, but incremental innovation that produces refined high-end goods appears to be essential for the continued growth of a cluster. This study investigates product improvement mechanisms in industry clusters, using Silicon Valley in the U.S., Cremona in north Italy, and Jingdezhen in China as case studies. In Silicon Valley, the defense, semiconductor, computer, IT, and biotech industries have advanced as industry clusters while transforming the environment and their domains. Silicon Valley is a model of a global industry cluster, as a representative example of a successful industrial cluster. Cremona is the birthplace of Antonio Stradivari, known as the world’s greatest violinmaker. Cremona’s revival as a violinmaking region happened after the establishment of a violinmaking school in 1938. Jingdezhen is a preeminent ceramics industry cluster in China, and its ceramics production began in the Han period. However, through state-run mass-production factory systems after the Cultural Revolution, the sophisticated products almost ceased to exist, and the current Jingdezhen ceramics industry appears to be something entirely different from what it was in the bygone age of prosperity. Based on these case analyses, the common factors for product improvement mechanisms in industrial clusters were found; (1) leadership by “Business Producers” who combine skills and creativity; (2) peer review; (3) discernment of high-end users; (4) and the sensitivity of tech people or artisans. The significance of this study is its attempt to grasp the innovation mechanisms underlying both cutting-edge and traditional industry clusters.

The interaction of clusters between manufacturing and producer services in China

The interactive development of clusters between manufacturing and producer services is important for China to break its comparative economic dilemma. The scientific novelty in this article is embodied by the interaction of various clusters of manufacturing with producer services. Taking the location quotient as the index measuring cluster, it was found that various manufacturing clusters and producer service clusters in the east achieved comparative equilibrium, while the middle and the west were comparatively imbalanced in development. By comparison of influencing factors, it was shown that decline of energy consumption and technology level, acceleration of multinational corporations, strengthening of competition and cooperation and strictness of regulation are beneficial to traditional industrial clusters. However, the effects of these factors on modern industrial clusters were the opposite. Empirical analysis showed that traditional manufacturing clusters had a close relationship with traditional producer service clusters, and were the opposite with modern producer service clusters. Finally, the countermeasures for achieving the interacting development of industrial clusters were proposed from aspects of the gradient development of producer services clusters, the guidance of dominant industries in manufacturing clusters, promotion of industry clusters by centralising high-levelled elements and the diversity of policy guidance.

Coupling Degree between Industrial Clusters and Supply Chains based on the Gray Correlation Model

Competition among enterprises becomes increasingly intense with the development of economic globalization and traditional industrial clusters and supply chains cannot meet changing market demands. In the study, coupling elements and contents between industrial clusters and supply chains are illustrated, and then a coupling degree model and an index system are discussed in detail. Finally, the coupling degree between industrial clusters and supply chains in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region is measured by using the gray correlation model.

Research on the Dynamic Evolution of Manufacturing Industry Cluster Network-The Perspective of the Synergy of Core Enterprise Transformation and Cluster Members

China’s traditional industry clusters meet challenges and opportunities as the global economy goes ups and downs. Following the trend of industry up gradation is a highlight in both theoretical and practical domain. This paper focuses on the principles of dynamic evolution of China’s industry clusters, in order to pursuit and establishes its enduring growing drive and competitive advantages. This paper gives research into dynamic evolution of cluster network, centering on its inherent relationship with the core enterprise transformation and the restructure flexibility of cluster members and defines “the transformation and up gradation of the core enterprises in cluster network”, finds out the dynamic and persistent effect of transformation and upgradation of the core enterprises on network resources and puts forward the dilemma of the dynamic evolution and up gradation of China’s cluster network.

Research on the Low-Carbon Evolutionary Model of Chinese Traditional Industrial Clusters Based on Evolutionary Games Theory under Low-Carbon Constraints

The low-carbon evolution of traditional industry cluster is the key to a low-carbon economy, and also a frontier of industry cluster theory research. The paper uses evolutionary game theory to construct a low-carbon evolutionary model of Chinese traditional industrial clusters, which considers uncertain factors such as political, economic, cultural, etc. Through the analysis of the cluster low-carbon evolutionary paths and stable equilibrium strategies, the model reflects the inherent law of clusters low-carbon evolution. Finally, the paper gives advices to promote industrial cluster agents to adopt the low-carbon cooperation strategy.

The Research on the Development Strategy of Modern Industry Cluster for "Home Class Textile"

With the rapid development of the knowledge economy and the information society, the importance of some elements of the traditional industry clusters have changed, which makes this cluster model adapt to the rapidly changing market toughly. Therefore, this cluster model needed to be transformed into the "modern industrial cluster" which based on the information basic service platform and integrated industrial chain. This article regards Shanghai Dragon (Group) Corporation (SDC) as a case and studies its current situation and problems in depth, then makes a timely strategy of the modern textile industry cluster which based on the features of "home" from the actual situation of the textile and garment industry. Also, it aims at improving the overall competitiveness of the SDC and thus benefits the affiliated enterprises from the actual operation in the development platform of technology, sales channels and co-branded.

Algorithm and Simulation of Chinese Traditional Industrial Clusters Low Carbon Evolution Based on Evolutionary Games Theory on Complex Networks

Industrial clusters are complex networks formed by numerous agents who continuously imitate, learn from each other and make optimal choice accordingly. The paper uses random learning game and multi-agent system models to construct a Chinese traditional industrial clusters low carbon evolution model and introduce an algorithm based on the network external effect and characteristics of agents adaptive behavior. Then the simulation of low-carbon competition, emergence and evolution was conducted, which produced some valuable conclusions.

Universities, industrial clusters and economic development in Egypt

This article explores the role of industrial clusters in the development of the Egyptian universities and research institutes (URIs) and economic performance. The study hypothesizes that the large industrial clusters in Egypt are old and traditional, and have weak impact on URIs and economic performance. To this end, we examine Egypt regions that contain long-existing and traditional industrial clusters and can be compared to all other regions. The analysis is conducted separately for seven industries, and by using a Mann–Whitney U test and a Spearman correlation we find that the more recent and technical industrial clusters in Egypt have a positive and significant impact on URIs, but they have a weak impact on economic performance. The Egyptian experience suggests that the most important contribution of clusters to URIs is one in which corporations provide financial support to universities or enter into informal consulting arrangements with a professor, neither of which is typically of professional patent applications or even through the mobility of university graduates.