Traditional Genealogy Research Articles

Design of Digital Media Advertisement from the Perspective of Base Image Schema Based on Web

With the development of improved augmented reality (AR) devices, the use of AR in new media to better communicate culture has become a major trend. However, AR technology algorithms still have many shortcomings, and this paper proposes a new algorithm that shows that the proposed algorithm is better than traditional terrain generation algorithms in terms of display and granularity and less costly than traditional geographic algorithms, according to the proposed algorithm, traditional genealogy algorithms and terrain sequencing algorithms. Therefore, the proposed area adjustment algorithm in this paper can improve the lower cost of equipment to reflect the impact of the geographic information scene function in the attachment, thus optimising the use of AR technology in new media, and the combination of the two allows the dissemination of traditional culture to be enhanced in many ways.

Medieval Super-Grandfather founder of Western Kazakh Clans from Haplogroup C2a1a2-M48.

Western Kazakhstan is populated by three clans totaling 2 million people. Since the clans are patrilineal, the Y-chromosome is the most informative genetic system for tracing their origin. We genotyped 40 Y-SNP and 17 Y-STR markers in 330 Western Kazakhs. High phylogenetic resolution within haplogroup C2a1a2-M48 was achieved by using additional SNPs. Three lines of evidence indicate that the Alimuly and Baiuly clans (but not the Zhetiru clan) have a common founder placed 700 ± 200 years back by the STR data and 500 ± 200 years back by the sequencing data. This supports traditional genealogy claims about the descent of these clans from Emir Alau, who lived 650 years ago and whose lineage might be carried by two-thirds of Western Kazakhs. There is accumulation of specific haplogroups in the subclans representing other lineages, confirming that the clan structure corresponds with the paternal genetic structure of the steppe population.

The Significance of Geographical Factors in Genealogy to Language Research——Taking Liao’s Audio-visual Genealogy as an Example

The geographical information reflected in a traditional genealogy mainly has two aspects. On the one hand, it is the administrative division, human geography, and other general environmental conditions of the ethnic group. On the other hand, it points to the specific origin and migration of family members in the family tree. In addition to affecting the formation and evolution of language, these factors will also affect the development trend of language behavior by promoting the psychology of people's geographic identity. From these data, we find that geographic factors in the genealogy have a non-negligible relationship with the geographical spread of the language of the genealogy.

The medieval Mongolian roots of Y-chromosomal lineages from South Kazakhstan

BackgroundThe majority of the Kazakhs from South Kazakhstan belongs to the 12 clans of the Senior Zhuz. According to traditional genealogy, nine of these clans have a common ancestor and constitute the Uissun tribe. There are three main hypotheses of the clans’ origin, namely, origin from early Wusuns, from Niru’un Mongols, or from Darligin Mongols. We genotyped 490 samples of South Kazakhs by 35 Y-chromosomal SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) and 17 STRs (short tandem repeat). Additionally, 133 samples from citizen science projects were included into the study.ResultsWe found that three Uissun clans have unique Y-chromosomal profiles, but the remaining six Uissun clans and one non-Uissun clan share a common paternal gene pool. They share a high frequency (> 40%) of the C2*-ST haplogroup (marked by the SNP F3796), which is associated with the early Niru’un Mongols. Phylogenetic analysis of this haplogroup carried out on 743 individuals from 25 populations of Eurasia has revealed a set of haplotype clusters, three of which contain the Uissun haplotypes. The demographic expansion of these clusters dates back to the 13-fourteenth century, coinciding with the time of the Uissun’s ancestor Maiky-biy known from historical sources. In addition, it coincides with the expansion period of the Mongol Empire in the Late Middle Ages. A comparison of the results with published aDNA (ancient deoxyribonucleic acid) data and modern Y haplogroups frequencies suggest an origin of Uissuns from Niru’un Mongols rather than from Wusuns or Darligin Mongols.ConclusionsThe Y-chromosomal variation in South Kazakh clans indicates their common origin in 13th–14th centuries AD, in agreement with the traditional genealogy. Though genetically there were at least three ancestral lineages instead of the traditional single ancestor. The majority of the Y-chromosomal lineages of South Kazakhstan was brought by the migration of the population related to the medieval Niru’un Mongols.

Colonial American Fitzpatrick Settlers Part I: Making Sense of One Line

Before the turn of the 17th century the settlement of Irish in the Americas lacked permanence. Soon after, Irish came to North America and the Caribbean in a steady flow, and by the mid 18th century a flood of Irish and Scotch-Irish had settled in the Americas. The reasons for that settlement were many and varied, as were the geographic origins and lineages of those Fitzpatricks among the influx. This article provides a review of the forces that pushed and pulled Irish and Scotch-Irish to the Americas. By way of example, a single Fitzpatrick line demonstrates how messy traditional genealogy of early Colonial American Fitzpatricks can get. That messiness is due in no small part to the cut and paste functionality at websites such as ancestry.com. But by careful review of authentic historical records, caution with speculative associations, and the power of Y-DNA analysis, it is possible to untangle the mess and bring back some much-needed clarity. In this article, the example used is that of the well-known colonial-settler William Fitzpatrick (born ca. 1690 AD), of Albemarle County, Virginia, who arrived in North American ca. 1728. Two living ancestors of William have been found to share a common ancestry from ca. 1650 AD — both bear a genetic mutation (FT15113) specific to William's line; this enables the ready identification of male descendants of William.

Prediction of complex traits: Conciliating genetics and statistics

This review focuses on methods used to predict complex traits. Main characteristics of prediction approaches are given: the deterministic or stochastic nature of prediction, the objects of prediction, the sources of information and the main statistical methods. Sources of information discussed are the traditional genealogies and phenotypes, nucleotide sequences, expression data and epigenetics marks. Statistical methods are presented as successive degrees of generalization from the definition of the conditional expectation as the prediction rule, to best linear unbiased prediction, then Bayesian and, recently, machine learning methods, including meta-methods. We highlight the contributions of Daniel Gianola to this methodological evolution.

On Richard III, The Livingstons of Callendar, and the Conflict Between Genealogy and Genetics

A skeleton excavated at the presumed site of the Grey Friars friary in Leicester in 2012 is almost certainly that of the English king, Richard III (1452 -1485), and mtDNA (which is passed from mother to child) extracted from the skeleton matches mtDNA taken from descendants of Richard's sister Anne of York. However Y-DNA (which is passed from father to son) extracted from the skeleton apparently doesn't match Y-DNA taken from descendants of Henry Somerset the 5th Duke Of Beaufort, who according to history descended from Richard's 2nd great grand father Edward III (1312 - 1377). The implication according to geneticists, and the media, is that there is a 'false paternity event' somewhere between Edward and the Somersets. Also, the false paternity events don't end there, for only 4 of these 5 Somerset descendants match each other. And it may be worse even than this: the patrilineal line of a Frenchman named Patrice de Warren apparently traces back to Richard III through the illegitimate son of Edward III's 4th great grandfather, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou (1113 - 1151). But de Warren's Y-DNA doesn't match that of either Richard III or any of the Somersets. In this note, a formula for calculating the time of the most recent common ancestor is introduced, and some of its consequences outlined. This formula arises from a mathematical framework within which it is possible that the traditional genealogy is correct, and that Geoffrey Plantaganet was the father of a male line incorporating Richard III, all 5 Somersets, and Patrice de Warren.

From Discovery to Invention

The article proposes a sociological analysis of the epistolary relationship between two forerunners of the social study of science and technology: Robert K. Merton and Seabury C. Gilfillan. Based on primary source archived at Columbia University—a set of letters exchanged between 1932 and 1976—it develops a relational approach of epistolary communication that aims to reassess the traditional (and mostly economic) genealogy of innovation studies. The study of the invisible college of invention through the private and informal interactions allows us to specify the cognitive, normative and strategic components of academic correspondance but also to explain the durable separation of the sociological study of science (discovery) and technology (invention) observed until the end of the 1970s, before the emergence of the Science, Technology and Society (STS) field.

Materias dispuestas: Juan Villoro ante la crítica ed. by José Ruisánchez, Oswaldo Zavala Ramón (review)

Reviewed by: Materias dispuestas: Juan Villoro ante la crítica ed. by José Ruisánchez, Oswaldo Zavala Ramón Vinodh Venkatesh Ruisánchez, José Ramón y Oswaldo Zavala , eds. Materias dispuestas: Juan Villoro ante la crítica. Barcelona : Editorial Candaya , 2011 . 479 pp. A perusal of contemporary Mexican literature is incomplete without a studied stop at the work of Juan Villoro. Mexican by birth, but a world writer by trade, Villoro has made a name through timely chronicles, astute essays, and a labyrinthic narrative that encourages the reader to get lost in the pluriversal spaces of a diegetic and fragmented city. José Ramón Ruisánchez and Oswaldo Zavala call Villoro a malabarista, or juggler, as they unveil the many genealogies that the writer balances and combines in his narrative journey. They write how Villoro the malabarista represents “el mayor acto de liberación: la suerte inesperada, el somersault que sorprende en el instante de su aparición” (10). In a similar vein, Ruisánchez and Zavala must be congratulated for this opportune intervention, a perfectly executed somersault of the literary, as they compose a wide-angle snapshot of Villoro’s work and reception through a cogent and carefully selected series of reflections from his peers, cultural voices, and academic critics. The edited collection follows a critical trend to study and examine the work of contemporary Hispanic writers that in many cases are still producing for their avid audiences. We can, therefore, locate Materias dispuestas in a category of monographic criticism that has focused on such names as Roberto Bolaño, Ricardo Piglia, Juan Marsé, and Cristina Rivera Garza. The tome is divided into four distinct sections: a compilation of snippets and short pieces by Villoro’s contemporaries, including Bolaño, Javier Marías, Ignacio Padillo, Antonio Skármeta, Carlos Fuentes, and Martín Kohan; commentary from cultural critics such as Mihály Des, Federico Patán, and Chris Andrews; a critical section with incisive essays by the likes of Ignacio Sánchez Prado, Brian Price, Ryan Long, Tamara Williams, Sarah Pollack, and Irma Cantú; and a final section with texts by Villoro himself, as the juggler retakes the word to close out Ruisánchez and Zavala’s perfectly executed somersault. Prior to these porous sections is the editors’ introduction to the writer’s work, as they place his fictions and nonfictions within, outside, and in contact with multiple genealogies and literary/cultural lines of flight. Touching on broad themes extant in Villoro, such as the writing of the urban (experience), the articulation of gender, and the role of the intellectual in relation to the text, Ruisánchez and Zavala articulate a space for the author that transgresses traditional genealogies of a national literature. This process and product is important as the editors establish the significance and stature of the writer at hand, underlining his relevance to the student of all literatures. While they emphasize how Villoro “nos obliga a releer la tradición central de [End Page 286] la narrativa mexicana” (14), they equally highlight the points of contact between his narrative and figures of world literature, mindful of how “el buen malabarista [. . .] nunca lanza al aire piezas que no sabrá recuperar” (20). In what follows, the reader quickly realizes that Ruisánchez and Zavala are master jugglers, as the disparate voices compiled in Materias dispuestas all somehow come together and fit, creating a cogent epistemology for the meandering reader, much like that which is found in the fragmented and mutant city that is depicted in Villoro’s most commented novel that is cleverly included in the title of the anthology. Caveats from the first section of the edition place Villoro amongst his peers. Juan Antonio Masoliver Ródenas, for example, underlines the processes of creation in Villoro, forewarning the reader that at the poetic core lies “esta sensación de recorrer incesamente un texto para encontrarnos siempre en un espacio infinito” (61). More praise comes by means of Bolaño (who applauds the Mexican’s short stories), Marías, Alejandra Rossi (who calls Villoro a “escritor de raza” [83]), Fuentes, and Fabio Morabito. Des opens the second section with admiration of the author’s essays, commenting that...

О "либеральном мейнстриме" и культурном консерватизме

In his reflection on the issues raised in Mark Lipovetsky's essay, Maxim Waldstein expresses his overall solidarity with Lipovetsky's genealogy of the current discourse of the Russian intellectual establishment and proposes a sketch of his own contribution to this project: the study of the antinomies of intellectual nonconformism and cultural conservatism in the works of the Tartu semioticians and Sergei Averintsev. Furthermore, based on his critical assessment of Lipovetsky's methodology, Waldstein proposes a strategy for how the dialogic interrogation of the key assumptions of contemporary Russian (liberal) mainstream may proceed. Waldstein agrees with Lipovetsky that the currently dominant intellectual discourse in Russia, even as rep­resented by politically liberal intellectuals, is often plagued by ingrained elitism, xenophobia, and cultural conservatism. In part, this observation accounts for widespread suspiciousness toward Western trends such as feminism and for the inability of the Russian "liberal mainstream" to resist currently rising official neotraditionalism. Historically, this discourse goes back not only to the scientific modernism of the 1960s ITR intellectuals, which is Lipovetsky's prime focus, but also to the cult of (high) culture, professed by iconic late Soviet humanists such as Yuri Lotman and Sergei Averintsev. Originally (and tacitly) aimed at protecting cultural and intellectual creativity from the Soviet state's encroachments on its autonomy, Lotman's and Averintsev's cultural studies grew increasingly antagonistic toward the analogous intellectual trends in the West because of their alleged implications of cultural amnesia and permissiveness. As Waldstein shows by analyzing Lotman's and Averintsev's reflections on the nature of (artistic) play and humor, these authors combined the conservative rejection of any transgression with respect to the culturally normative and the cult of transgression in "high art," classical literature, the artist's personal self-fashioning or antitotalitarian humor. Originally embedded in the social strategies of intellectual and personal self-fashioning under the totalitarian regime, this intellectual position has outlived the Soviet regime and continues to serve as a paradigm for the contemporary liberal mainstream, but has lost much of its nonconformist and antiauthoritarian potential. In the context of today's Russia, this perspective implies limiting playful and humoristic creativity to the enclosed social enclaves of the intellectuals' inner circle while leaving the public sphere to official neotraditionalism. In his critical assessment of Lipovetsky's project, Waldstein points to its residual essentialism and teleology. In addition to traditional genealogy, or the search for roots and origins, he advocates more consistently embracing the Foucauldian project of "genealogy," aimed at fragmenting the unified and discovering heterogeneity in what seems to be consistent with itself. In practice, this means not only engaging seriously with the late twentieth-century Western reflexivity toward the project of the Enlightenment but also recovering and bringing into the conversations the "native" critical resources. As examples of such resources, Waldstein cites the less understood and valued ideas of Yuri Lotman. The expected outcome of such engagements is the renegotiation of the key assumptions of Russia's current academic and intellectual discourse and reinvigoration of the public dialogue.

Part I: Today's Genealogist: Providing value‐added history

Part I: Today's Genealogist: Providing value‐added history

De genotipos e isonimias: análisis de correlación entre el apellido y el patrimonio genético heredado en el cromosoma Y en la población de tres departamentos del suroccidente colombiano

In Colombia, surnames are characters usually passed to the children by the father, and they have been compared to neutral alleles associated with the Y-chromosome. Population frequencies were determined for 17 short tandem repeats (STR) DNA markers on the Y-chromosome to compare the two identity codes and define the correlation between haplotypes and surnames in each individual. DNA was extracted from blood samples from 308 male individuals in provinces of Valle del Cauca, Cauca and Nariño, all in southwestern Colombia. Sample DNA was analyzed with the commercial kit AmpFLSTR Yfiler (Applied Biosystems) and examined for the following 17 Y-chromosome STR markers: DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a/b, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 and Y-GATA-H4. The frequencies of molecular haplotypes were associated with the surname reported by each individual, and a correlation table was constructed. Amerindian and European surnames were associated with the presence of allele DYS19/13, a characteristic of Amerindian populations. Allele frequencies were reported for each of the 17 STR markers in the southwestern region of Colombia-high genetic and haplotypic diversities were obtained. Approximately 40% of lineage inconsistencies were found when the molecular genotype was compared with the European or Amerindian surnames. Surnames must be used as population markers with reservation. The genetic evidence indicates that traditional genealogies based on surnames with or without documental support, may be inconsistant with their biological provenance.

New Testament Genealogies and the Families of Mary and Joseph

This study explores the differences between the most recent parts of the genealogies of Jesus found in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, differences that have puzzled scholars for over seventeen hundred years. These differences do not conform to the types of inconsistencies found in most traditional genealogies. They are more effectively explained as being the products of different genealogical sources. Looking at these recent lineage segments from a genealogical perspective reveals four independent sources: the list of names after Zerubbabel from Abiud to Matthan to Joseph in Matthew 1:13—16; the name of Joseph's grandfather in Matthew 1:15, 16; the name of Joseph's grandfather in Luke 3:23; and the long listing of names between Nathan and Zerubbabel and after Zerubbabel in Luke 3:24—31. These sources were incorrectly combined, with the name of Joseph's father Jacob placed with a list of Mary's ancestors (Matthew 1:13—15) and the name of Mary's father (Joseph son of Heli, probably Joseph ben Elim, a Sepphoris priest) placed with the oral list that includes her husband's ancestors (Luke 3:29—30). Much of the confusion in these most recent genealogical segments is the result of the fact that Mary's husband and her father were both named Joseph, which was the second most popular male Jewish name in Second Temple times. Naming patterns derived from studies of Second Temple names and use of ancient sources help to recreate the family of Joseph, Mary's husband.

The Book of Ruth and the Possibility of a Feminist Canonical Hermeneutic

AbstractThe book of Ruth is written from a female perspective, which in 4:9-17 is deliberately contrasted with a male perspective. The inter-textual contrast between the gynocentricity of Ruth and the androcentricity of most narrative literature in the Hebrew Bible is recognized within the text of Ruth by the appending of the genealogy in 4:18-22. Here the male voice of compilers of traditional patrilineal genealogies replaces the female voice of the story. Though the story and the genealogy purport to recount the same history, the women's world of the story is completely ignored by the genealogy. This contrast characterizes Ruth as the kind of history which official, masculine Israelite history leaves out. Thus the conclusion of the book, which functions to give it a canonical setting in the larger biblical story, also gives it the specific canonical function of exposing the androcentricity of other biblical narratives. The book's revelation of the women's world which other narratives render invisible can therefore function canonically, not merely as an exception to the prevalent androcentricity of biblical literature, but also representatively, authorizing the reader to supply the female perspectives which are elsewhere omitted. This study of Ruth, it is suggested, offers an example of a feminist canonical hermeneutic which would also explore the specific ways in which other gynocentric texts within the canon (such as those parts of the Gospels which adopt the perspective of their female characters) can function canonically. Allowing these gynocentric texts a canonical role of relativizing the androcentric texts makes possible a feminist hermeneutic which can take the canon seriously as a body of literature normative for faith and practice.

Les révolutions de la communication XIXe–XXe siècle by Pascal Griset, and: Une histoire de la communication moderne: Espace public et vie privée by Patrice Flichy, and: La communication par la bande: Introduction aux sciences de l’information et de la communication by Daniel Bougnoux

TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 457 Les révolutions de la communication XIXe—XXe siècle. By Pascal Griset. Paris: Hachette, 1991. Pp. 255; bibliography. F79.00 (paper). Une histoire de la communication moderne: Espace public et vie privée. By Patrice Flichy. Paris: Éditions La Découverte, 1991. Pp. 281; notes, bibliography, index. F145.00 (paper). La communication par la bande: Introduction aux sciences de l’information et de la communication. By Daniel Bougnoux. Paris: Éditions La Décou­ verte, 1991. Pp. 272; glossary, bibliography, index. F125.00 (paper). Studying the history of communications technologies is difficult because the very concept of communication is of doubtful coherence. Does it make sense to examine from the same point of view topics as diverse as the telegraph and television, or photography and advertis­ ing, or linguistics and electronics? Three books recently published in French address “communication” in three very different ways, appar­ ently as a consequence of conceptual uncertainties. Pascal Griset’s Les révolutions de la communication XIXe—XXe siècle takes as its main thread the traditional genealogy of technics—telegraph, telephone, radio, television, computers—and puts these technologies in the context of state interventionism in the 19th century, the rise of propaganda in the 1930s, and recent industrial policies. The book is accurate, brief, and didactic, and it devotes considerable attention to American history. Patrice Flichy, author of Une histoire de la communication moderne, is a sociologist who has previously indicated a special interest in the uses of media. His wide-ranging survey is marked by a refusal to consider recent communications technologies “revolutionary” in terms of the organiza­ tion of work, democracy, or the relationship between the public sphere and the private. Rather, he seeks to trace historical continuities, the links among different media, and the choices among different uses. His book is divided into three parts. The first covers the transition between 1790 and 1870 from state communication to market communication. The second, from 1870 to 1930, deals with radio and the distinctions between family communication and professional communication. The third ad­ dresses the birth of electronics and the transition from family commu­ nication to individual communication. For a readerwho is unfamiliarwith the technological chronology and institutional history, it may not always be easy to perceive the coherence of this global evolutionary scheme. Nevertheless, there are many interesting observations about such matters as the distinction between the gramophone, which was intended for wide diffusion from the outset, and the telephone, which (like the auto) did not find ready markets at first. These two books are both organized chronologically, built on the his­ torical progression of technology. But Daniel Bougnoux’s La communi­ cation par la bande adopts the opposite point of view. A philosopher, Bougnoux inventories the main concepts and methods actually used in 458 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE the “information and communication sciences” and tests them for his­ torical relevance. His introduction refers to five disciplines: semiology, “the general science of signs”; pragmatics, by means of which one can elucidate social aspects and effects of power in the acts of language (a la M. SerresandB. Latour); the “mediology” ofR. Debray, who is especially concerned with the material conditions of production and propagation of ideas; cybernetics, by means of which “each organization can be in­ terpreted as a combination of messages”; and psychoanalysis, a means of studying the various dimensions of seduction. Bougnoux asks questions that are both obvious and too often neglected. Regarding technological determinism—the idea that an innovation can survive only if it makes sense in an economic, technological, social, and cultural context—he asks whether we are sure we always study all its dimensions. On the genealogy which leads from painting to photography, cinema, and television, he asks what is really different about these ways of representing reality. The use of semiological categories such as indice, icon, and symbol enables Bougnoux to draw distinctions that historians oftechnology perceive only intuitively. La communication par la bande may be difficult reading for people unfamiliar with recent French and American philosophy. Never­ theless, it should prove stimulating for any specialist in the history of communications technologies. Catherine Bertho Lavenir Ms. Lavenir, a specialist in...