Traditional Fishing Research Articles

Resistance Strategies of Traditional Fishers in Their Struggle for Territory on Paraná’s Coastline in Brazil: A Categorization of the Conflict

This article categorizes the resistance strategies used by traditional fishers on the coast of Paraná, Brazil, against local authorities that seek to deterritorialize their territories. Documentary sources and interviews with informants were used as part of this research. The local traditional fishing sector is not immune to external pressure. The resistance strategies of this group can be classified into eight categories. We find that the local traditional fishers already lost much of their territory during the last few decades, and the pressures they face continue to increase. However, the rise in resistance actions throughout the twenty-first century allowed this group to engage with new perspectives concerning their struggle for territory. This is a fight that is active in its effort to guarantee the rights of traditional fishing communities in Paraná.

Assessing exploitation vulnerability risk of marine ornamental reef fish in Sri Lanka: A productivity susceptibility analysis

We conducted a Productivity Susceptibility Analysis (PSA) to empirically assess the vulnerability risk of marine ornamental reef fish in Sri Lanka for exploitation. We considered distribution, accessibility, ecological niche, and market price as susceptibility attributes, while fecundity, larval development, maximum length, and longevity were productivity attributes. The vulnerability score, demand, and market price were used to assess species prioritization, and then compositions of the prioritized species were computed. The veracity of primary and secondary data collected on susceptibility and productivity attributes was confirmed by interviewing traditional fishers in situ. The IUCN and present PSA classifications for the medium susceptibility risk species were comparatively assessed. Four species out of 17 medium susceptibility risk species were encountered as the medium vulnerability risk species for exploitation. The Pacific cleaner shrimp (Lysmata amboinensis) emerged as the highest prioritized species. In addition, we observed significant differences in the species’ status assessed through the PSA approach compared to the IUCN status. The study affirms that demand and market prices substantially influence the exploitation vulnerability of species, and the PSA offers a promising multidisciplinary approach to evaluating intrinsic and extrinsic factors in conservation ecology compared to widely used IUCN status for assessing extinction risk. Furthermore, the present findings have practical implications, as they warrant essential policy changes for conserving the prioritized species and the medium vulnerability risk species encountered in the present research to extinction risk.

Evaluation of Octopus maya enzyme activity of the digestive gland and gastric juice.

As the demand for Octopus maya grows, sustainable farming practices become essential to prevent overexploitation, so that farming can be developed as a sustainable alternative to traditional fishing. Understanding the digestive dynamics of the octopus is essential for devising optimal dietary formulations in aquaculture. Despite the progress in understanding cephalopod digestion, little is known about the specific functioning of the digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down protein substrates. This knowledge gap underscores the need for further research to support sustainable O. maya population management. In this paper, dietary formulations are identified for cephalopods by characterizing O. maya digestive enzymes present in the digestive gland and gastric juice. The investigation revealed that acidic proteases showed a peak activity at higher temperatures than alkaline proteases. Inhibitors confirmed the presence of H, L, and D cathepsins. The lower activation energy of alkaline enzymes compared to acidic ones observed highlights an intriguing aspect of O. maya's digestive physiology. This research provides valuable insights into O. maya digestive enzyme functions, representing a significant advancement in formulating diets crucial for successful octopus farming that may help to fully understand its physiology.

Impacts of participation in Environmental Education projects on the evaluation of public services: an analysis of traditional artisanal fishing populations

Impacts of participation in Environmental Education projects on the evaluation of public services: an analysis of traditional artisanal fishing populations

Production of fish fillet analogues using novel fish muscle cell powder and sodium alginate-κ-carrageenan based bio-ink

Cellular aquaculture has emerged as a promising technology to address the challenges associated with traditional fishing and aquaculture practices. This study focuses on developing a biomimetic fish fillet structure using fish muscle cell powder (FMCP) and Alg-κ-Car-based bio-ink, exploring its potential for cultured seafood applications. Grouper muscle satellite cells (GMSCs) were isolated through enzymatic digestion and demonstrated robust growth and myotube differentiation with 2% horse serum (HS). FMCP, derived from the differentiated GMSCs, is characterized as a high-protein source with promising seafood applications. Cytotoxicity analysis reveals FMCP's biocompatibility and its ability to enhance cell proliferation. Alg-κ-Car is chosen as the bio-ink due to its favourable impact on bioink stability. The developed Alg-κ-Car-FMCP bio-ink, with favourable rheological properties, facilitates 3D bioprinting of scaffolds mimicking the texture of native fish fillets. These printed scaffolds retain structural integrity when subjected to boiling and frying. Texture profiles indicate that Alg-κ-Car-FMCP constructs possess enhanced hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness compared to Alg-κ-Car, with cooking influencing textural changes. Taste sensory analysis using an electronic tongue demonstrates Alg-κ-Car-FMCP constructs present a pronounced umami taste, showcasing potential for desirable sensory attributes in cell-based seafood. This study significantly advances cellular aquaculture for cultured seafood production, offering insights for further research and development in sustainable and innovative food production.

Peningkatan Mutu Organoleptik Terasi Jembret Melalui Perbaikan Kemasan

The village of Sungsang is in the Banyuasin II Sub-district, Banyuasin Regency. Its territory lies in a coastal area, and most of its inhabitants are fishermen who engage in traditional fishing activities. One of the distinctive processed seafood products of Sungsang village is Terasi, with one of its variants being Terasi Jembret. Despite Sungsang village's considerable production of processed Terasi, the packaging methods still need to be revised and need more informative compositions, thereby diminishing the attractiveness of Terasi Jembret. This research aims to design a more appealing packaging for Terasi to enhance consumer appeal towards the product. The research methodology employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatment variations in Terasi packaging: P0: traditional polyethylene (PE) packaging, P1: labeled polypropylene (PP) packaging, P2: labeled polypropylene (PP) standing pouch packaging, and P3: labeled aluminum foil standing pouch packaging. The research findings indicate that the panelists prefer treatment P3, namely the labeled aluminum foil standing pouch packaging. Panelists provided high ratings for this packaging, with a likability score of 4.80 (Very likable) for color, 4.80 (Very likable) for appearance, and 4.52 (Very likable) for aroma. Furthermore, the tested parameters comply with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for Terasi, with water content at 44.21%, ash content at 1.14%, protein content at 17.75%, and carbohydrate content at 26.30%.

Relationship between hydro-environmental variables and Coilia nasus catch in a highly turbid macrotidal estuary in Japan

The effect of estuarine hydro-environmental parameters and tidal phases on the fish catch in the macrotidal Chikugo River estuary was investigated. This study focuses on the catch data of Etsu (Coilia nasus) fish, obtained during their spawning season from 2009 to 2020, employing traditional fishing techniques at a site situated 14.6–16 km upstream from the river mouth. It analyses various hydro-environmental parameters and identifies optimal ranges of environmental parameters. The optimal range of salinity (0.04–0.2) and suspended sediment concentration (SSC, 16–118 mg/L) indicated a higher fish catch at the saltwater-freshwater interface and upstream of the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) zone. By developing a generalized additive model (GAM) to analyze the relationship between CPUE and environmental parameters, the study assesses the relative importance of each variable in explaining CPUE variance. GAM exhibited a reasonable predictive capability (R2 = 0.509) and indicated the relative importance of each variable (SSC-24.69%, salinity-21.81%, temperature-24.41%, discharge-9.16%, and MTR-19.91%) in explaining the CPUE variance. Additionally, it aims to verify the maturity status and spawning migration patterns of C. nasus fish through standard-length distribution analysis during the spawning season. The standard-length distribution and comparison with previous literature confirmed that fishes caught by the fisherman belong to the category of matured fishes aged 2–3 years. The results indicated that the high CPUE of matured C. nasus at the upstream of ETM and freshwater-saltwater interface was related to the spawning migration and not to their feeding behaviour at the ETM. This research contributes to fisheries management strategies and conservation efforts in the Chikugo River estuary by providing valuable guidance for habitat restoration, informing fishing regulations, and understanding the behaviour of C. nasus.

Experiences from targeted removal of farmed Atlantic salmon from Norwegian rivers

Abstract Farmed salmon escaping from aquaculture and interbreeding with wild conspecifics pose a significant threat to the genetic integrity of natural salmon populations. Despite advancements in aquaculture security, escape incidents persist, prompting the need for effective mitigation strategies. This study summarizes experiences from efforts to remove escaped farmed salmon over a 12-year period in 63 western Norwegian rivers, using either (1) spearfishing during snorkelling by trained personnel or (2) traditional fishing methods employed by local groups. Recaptured farmed salmon ranged widely in size and included both spawners as well as immature fish, demonstrating that farmed fish entering rivers comprise fish of different ages and escape histories. Traditional fishing by locals recaptured the highest number of farmed fish, while removal during snorkelling in general captured larger and mature fish. On average, 53% of the farmed salmon observed during snorkelling were recaptured. This efficacy was influenced by the number of farmed fish present and the size of the farmed fish. In addition, efficacy increased over time, indicating that the removal team became more efficient. The study underscores that active removal, when executed judiciously, contributes to reducing the ecological risks associated with escaped farmed fish, complementing broader strategies for sustainable aquaculture.

Characterization of hypoxic events in Paracas bay (Peru, 13.8°S) through intensity and biological effect indexes

Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in low oxygen conditions within marine coastal areas, profoundly impacting ecosystem processes and living coastal resources. Coastal bays in highly productive upwelling regions, where hypoxia occurs naturally, are special areas affected by both local and adjacent shelf-related processes. Paracas Bay (13.8°S) is a traditional shellfish fishing and intense farming area highly influenced by one of the most active upwelling centers of the Peruvian coast. Despite the small dimensions of the bay (35 km2), a key feature is its complex physical dynamics and high environmental variability. Recently, important efforts have been made in the study of both the spatial and temporal oxygen concentration variability, nevertheless, information regarding the ecological and biological impact of hypoxic events is still lacking. In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of hypoxic events was analyzed across Paracas bay at different depths by means of high-frequency hourly dissolved oxygen records collected by data-loggers deployed across the bay during the periods September 2012 – February 2013 and March 2015 – February 2017. To study the ecological impact of hypoxic events, we developed a hypoxia intensity index, while the biological impact was studied through the development of a hypoxia biological effect index using as model species the Peruvian scallop (Argopecten purpuratus). Our results showed that hypoxic events have an intrinsic variability across the bay. The deeper areas of the bay, towards the northwest and center, were characterized by long, intense, and lethal events, while the southeast and southwest, shallower areas, were characterized by shorter events of low intensity and either sublethal or innocuous. We propose that the observed variability is not only related to the large-scale environmental context in which the events occurred, but also to small-scale variability linked to local circulation, biological activity, and sediment biogeochemistry. We expect that our research will be useful not only for scientific purposes, but also for coastal resource management and aquaculture, underlining the importance of developing high-resolution oxygen monitoring systems in coastal bays.

Motion verbs related to Javanese traditional fishing activities: a natural semantic metalanguage approach

Motion verbs related to Javanese traditional fishing activities: a natural semantic metalanguage approach

RESILIENSI SOSIAL KOMUNITAS NELAYAN PESISIR DALAM MENGHADAPI FENOMENA PERUBAHAN IKLIM

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the resilience of fishing communities in Barru District, Barru Regency in facing the phenomenon of climate change. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques use descriptive-qualitative analysis through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results of this study show that traditional fishing communities and modern fishermen in the coastal areas of Barru District have felt the impact of climate change that affects the lives of fishing communities in environmental, socio-economic and physical aspects. For this reason, the ability of fishing communities to reduce vulnerability is demonstrated through adaptability at the level of stability, recovery and transformation. Resilience at the level of stability is carried out by surviving by utilizing family savings. At the level of recovery, the adaptation capacity of traditional fishing communities and modern fishing communities can be said to be high through survival by utilizing Human Resources (HR) assets by looking for other jobs outside of fishing activities but having low adaptation when dependent on bad weather. Traditional coastal fishing communities have limited supporting facilities in the process of marine activities so that they cannot be said to be at the level of transformation. Modern fishing communities have been at a level of transformation by increasing vessel tonnage, procuring new vessels and replacing fishing gear.

Construction and Spatial-Temporal Characteristic Analysis of the Carbon Atlas of Low-Carbon Villages in the Yangtze River Delta

Countryside is an integral part of China's social and economic systems. For a long time, the continuous growth of rural carbon emissions has led to a series of social, economic and ecological consequences. Carbon emission reduction has become a critical task for rural revitalization and sustainable development in China. Existing studies on low-carbon assessment mainly focus on urban areas, resulting in limited studies on rural areas. What's more, most of the planning strategies for low-carbon villages are also based on subjective evaluation and qualitative analysis, lacking support from quantitative simulation. Combining relevant theories, the concept of a rural "carbon atlas" was proposed in this study. The current rural carbon emissions and mathematics, graphics, and rationales of the temporal-spatial evolutionary characteristics were investigated using the GIS system as the technical platform for information storage and processing. The spatial domain of carbon emission units based on microscopic residential sites, factories and markets was defined and investigated. Carbon emissions of each unit were estimated according to energy consumptions for life, production and transportation. Later, carbon emissions were expressed and presented visually within the "atlas". Meanwhile, temporal and spatial distribution patterns of carbon emissions in various types of rural areas dominated by different industries were analyzed to provide resources and guidelines for building and planning low-carbon countryside and villages.An empirical study was undertaken on four different village types dominated by different industries in the Yangtze River Delta. Results show that the rural carbon atlas has apparent characteristics of tendentious distribution, periodical changes, and typified structures:(1) Different village types have different regional tendencies of high carbon emission. This phenomenon is most evident in industrial villages, where most of the carbon emissions happen in large factories or family workshops with large homestead areas. Traditional fishing and agricultural villages are the least representative in this regard because rural industries are mainly small fishing and agricultural families, and the industrial link among families is weak. (2) Due to the industry's cyclical nature, the fluctuation of carbon emissions in different types of villages is significantly different. Since the leisure tourism industry is greatly affected by festivals and seasons, the carbon emissions in leisure tourism villages fluctuate the most. Carbon emission of professional markets is the most stable, which is attributed to their immunity to seasonal and climatic changes. (3) The rural carbon emission map has prominent typified structural characteristics, including the scattered homogeneous pattern (traditional fishing and agricultural village), the group infiltration pattern (industrial production village), the dissipative fragmentation pattern (leisure tourism village), and the kernel domain recursive pattern (professional market village). Different industrial types lead to noticeable regional differences in the temporal-spatial characteristics and trends of carbon atlas. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop an overall optimization strategy and mechanism model. The outcomes from the current study explore the method and practical application of a rural carbon emission atlas, yet more extensive research exploring various facets of the atlas are still required.

Socio-economic status of small-scale fisheries in central Philippines

This study aims to investigate the socio-economic aspects of small-scale fishers in Barangay Bonawon, Siaton, Negros Oriental, Central Philippines, utilizing a descriptive survey method. The research focuses on assessing the practices, challenges, and income of small-scale fishers registered under FishR, a DA-BFAR Juan Magsasaka registry, and beneficiaries of the TARGET, SAAD projects, and DA-BFAR livelihood assistance initiatives. In addition, the lack of data hampers the understanding of small-scale fisheries' socio-economic status and activities, prompting the researcher to pursue this study. After administering the survey questionnaire, appropriate statistical tools were employed for data analysis. Results reveal the prevalent use of traditional fishing methods, such as “paanod” (drifting gill net), hook and lines, and “ali” (barricade gill net), due to their ease of construction, use, operation, and cost-effectiveness. Their income levels vary due to uncertainties and challenges, such as declining fish resources, climate change, lack of education and facilities, weak law enforcement, and fluctuating market demand. The study's findings inspire policymakers, NGOs, and government agencies to implement a comprehensive approach addressing issues through education, alternative livelihood development, improved fishing infrastructure, strengthened law enforcement, and sustainable fisheries management practices. This approach aims to ensure the resilience and sustainability of small-scale fisheries, promoting the well-being of communities and marine ecosystems.

Local social-ecological context explains seasonal rural-rural migration of the poorest in south-west Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the countries most affected by climate change. Internal migration is often presented as a response to environmental degradation. Here, using a people-centred perspective, we explore the complexity of the links between climate-induced change, environmental degradation caused by waterlogging and seasonal rural migration. We used an inductive qualitative approach in social sciences, conducting fourteen semi-directed interviews and six focus group discussions in March-April 2022. We related those results to a rainfall analysis on CHIRPS data for 1981-2021and we represented interactions and feedback between changes and livelihoods in a model. A complex picture of the situation is emerging, showing the interweaving effects of non-climatic and climatic changes, their interplay at different scales, their cumulative effects, the interactions between livelihood types and feedback between social and natural systems. Most of the climate-induced changes gradually become noticeable over the past 25 years. Climate data confirm these changes in recent decades, with July being wetter and January being dryer. Villagers reported waterlogging as the most significant change in their community, pointing to its multiple causes, originating in non-local and local, non-climatic anthropic changes, exacerbated by shrimp farm enclosures and worsened by climate-induced changes such as heavier rains, wetter monsoons and cyclones. Tiger prawn farms, reported as a lucrative and local adaptation to waterlogging and salinisation for the ones who can afford it, worsen the situation for the less wealthy, causing waterlogging and salinisation of the adjacent agricultural lands and buildings, the disappearance of traditional fishing and a reduction of the local job market. In addition, erratic rain patterns, droughts and cyclones affect local production and labour markets. COVID-19 lockdowns, by impacting markets and mobilities, further aggravated the situation. Inequality has increased as the range of adaptations of the less wealthy appears limited in this context of multiple crises.

Carbon footprint and associated environmental impacts of fisheries on the Pulicat region, Southern India: A preliminary study

The current research analyzed carbon emissions resulting from fossil fuel consumption in the Pulicat region. This area is home to approximately 3500 motorized boats dedicated to fishing activities. Through this comprehensive study, we assessed the fuel consumption and subsequent carbon emissions within the motorized fishing sector. Our investigation revealed that traditional fishing methods in Pulicat Lake consumed 148,515 L of fuel whereas fishing methods along the Pulicat coast consumed a substantial 1650,429 L of fuel during the study period spanning from June 2022 to May 2023. In total, the Pulicat region accounted for the consumption of 1798,944 L (1547.1 metric tonnes (MT)) of fuel, contributing a mere 0.00004% to the global fuel consumption levels attributed to the small-scale fishing sector. Furthermore, the cumulative CO2 emissions resulting from fishing activities in the Pulicat region amounted to 4731.23 MT, representing a 0.001% of the overall CO2 emissions attributed to the Indian fishing sector. Remarkably, the Pulicat region emitted 1.05 MT of CO2 to capture 1 t of fish during the study period. The average CO2 emissions of fish stood at 1.08 MT of CO2/ ton of fish. Our analysis revealed that October 2022 recorded the highest carbon emissions per ton of fish at 1.45 MT of CO2 whereas May 2023 exhibited the lowest carbon emissions at 0.54 MT of CO2/ ton of fish. Within the Pulicat region, the use of crab lift net fishing methods in the lake (0.10 MT of CO2 per ton of fish) and purse seine techniques along the coast (0.65 MT of CO2/ ton of fish) emerged as the most energy-efficient fishing methods among the various alternatives. This study offers an in-depth exploration of carbon emissions originating from the Pulicat region’s fishing activities, providing valuable insights into the environmental impact of this crucial sector.

Crianças Kaingang em Espaços Urbanos: Aprendizagens Culturais e Sustentabilidade Indígena no Paraná

ABSTRACT The text addresses the presence of Kaingang children, along with their families, in the city of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, for the collection of food, production and sale of handcrafts. It problematizes the reduction of indigenous territories, the urban advancement on traditional hunting, fishing, and gathering areas and new indigenous strategies for the sustainability and sociocultural and linguistic maintenance of those groups, with an emphasis on their children’s education. Through documentary and empirical research, we seek to show that, despite the existence of a plentiful international legislation for the protection of indigenous rights, which was improved from the 1980s onwards, these populations suffer prejudice and discrimination in cities, places where they seek to support their families. In a strategy of resistance and (re)territorialization, cities have become learning spaces for Kaingang indigenous children who, by accompanying their families, are taught to “make a living” and keep their identities and language preserved despite all the exclusion they experience.

Overview of the Valorization, Protection and Preservation of Elements of Traditional Fishing in the Adriatic Sea

The paper provides an overview of the current activities on the valorization and protection of elements of traditional fishing in the Adriatic Sea with general recommendations on its further preservation. All three categories of cultural heritage are included: immovable and movable cultural property, and intangible cultural heritage. The objective of the paper is to contribute to a holistic approach to the protection of cultural heritage and to encourage reflection on future projects with the aim of appropriate presentation, further research and (re)valuation of traditional fishing in the Adriatic Sea.

Ethnobotanically important plants with piscicidal properties used for traditional fishing in Chirang district of Assam, Northeast India

The use of certain plant species in traditional fishing for their piscicidal or stupefying effect is widespread among many fishing communities in northeast India. Plant poisoning is one such traditional method for fishing practised in the Chirang district of Assam in northeast India. This paper identifies six different species of plants (Polygonum hydropiper, Spilanthes paniculate, Parthenium hysterophorus, Alistonia scholaris, Albizia procera, Ageratum conyzoides) belonging to four different families (Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Fabaceae and Polygonaceae) which are used as natural poison for capturing fishes in the study area. Maximum number of species (50%) was recorded in family Asteraceae while the remaining families recorded one species each. The most common mode of application was in the form of a grounded paste or an aqueous extract while in some cases the raw plant itself were used. All of these plant toxins were reported to probably affect the swimming and respiration of the fish on application. However, detail mechanism of their toxic action needs to be evaluated fully. This study has identified some potent natural piscicidal plants which may be further investigated for widespread application in aquaculture and allied industry.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT BERBASIS EDUWISATA BAWAH AIR PADA WILAYAH KELOLA HUKOM ADAT LAOT (WK-HAL) LHOK LAMTEUNGOH SINERGISME DENGAN USK DALAM MENDUKUNG KAMPUS PTNBH

The Laot Lhok Lamteungoh traditional legal management area has marine natural characteristics consisting of shallow sea areas with coral reef ecosystems in several places, one of which is on Tuan Island, and several other points to the west-south in Peukan Bada District, Aceh Besar Regency. Coral reef areas are resources that must be conserved and provide income for the surrounding communities. PKMBP 2023 seeks an integrated program which will ultimately produce prospective entrepreneurs in the marine or maritime services sector, especially underwater tourism from traditional fishing communities. Service activities have been carried out for approximately 6 months June-November 2023 with socialization activities, FGDs, and a number of trainings and product placements in designated locations. The outputs produced in this activity include IPRs in the form of Copyright certificates, artificial reef prints, artificial reef products, mass media publications, and service journal publications. All targets were achieved as planned.

Species composition of macromolluscs in Barangay Talao-talao, Lucena, Quezon province, Philippines

Degradation of upland vegetation and the continuous environmental insults on coastal ecosystems negatively impact the inhabiting molluscs. In particular, macromolluscs present in the intertidal zones of coastal communities in the Philippines are directly affected by human activities and the fast-changing climate. However, a limited number of studies have investigated the effects of habitat alteration and degradation on the composition and diversity of the Philippines’ intertidal molluscs. Thus, this study assessed the species composition of macromolluscs in Lucena, Quezon, and the underlying environmental and habitat factors that may dictate the presence and abundance of these marine animals. To address these concerns, handpicking and purposive sampling of marine molluscs were conducted in the entire intertidal region of the sampling site. This study reported 62 different species at the intertidal zones of Lucena, Quezon, with species originating from the family Olividae being the most abundant organism among the sampled gastropod and bivalve species in the area. Analysis of the observational differences in molluscan habitat may highlight ecological factors affecting the diversity and abundance of the intertidal fauna. Continuous use of the shoreline for traditional fishing and the close proximity of the port of Lucena and human habitation to the coastal zone may also serve as underlying factors to the lack of live mollusc samples in the intertidal region nearest to the port. Together, these findings suggest a high species composition and abundance of macromolluscs inhabiting the intertidal zone of Lucena, Quezon, highlighting the drastic effects of changing marine ecosystems on the ability of various species to occupy a specific area in the marine environment.