Traditional Development Model Research Articles

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Digital Management Facing Difficulties and Solutions

The advent of the digital era has provided strong technical support for the high-quality development of the social economy. The integration of the social economy with Internet technology has given rise to new industries. However, the traditional development model of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is increasingly unable to meet the demands of economic growth, and digital management has gradually become a key approach for these enterprises to achieve their development goals. Currently, SMEs face challenges such as talent shortages, insufficient funds, and a lack of awareness regarding transformation. This paper will analyze the difficulties SMEs encounter in implementing digital management and explore potential development paths for their digital transformation.

Фермерская модель мира

The article presents the characteristic features of the farmer's picture of the world. Over the course of a long history, it has retained its foundations, determined by the need of people engaged in agricultural work to feel the characteristics of a particular space, protect it and pass on by inheritance not only skills and abilities, but also secret knowledge, legends and traditions about the connection with this particular land. The modern post-industrial economy and the associated management model seek to destroy these connections, to create innovative agro-industrial complexes in the territories occupied by farms, devoid of dependence on the human owner and subordinate to the tasks facing business. This policy, in particular, pursued by the leadership of the European Union, has become the cause of massive farmer protests. At the same time, there is a growing number of people in the world who have environmentally conscious behavior and who, through immersion in farming, strive to get in touch with nature, at least temporarily. The article shows that behind this confrontation between lifestyles, there is a deeper geopolitical gap between adherents of traditional, local and national models of development and supporters of liberal globalization, striving for unification that facilitates the process of global governance. The observed crisis of globalization of this type provides a chance not only to satisfy the socio-economic and political demands of farmers, but also to saturate the farming picture of the world with new images that are in tune with modernity.

Relación entre desarrollo sostenible, economía y pobreza

Throughout this document, the opportunity is provided to show the relationship between sustainable development and economic growth, focusing on their definitions, their disparity and their consequences, at the same time that it gives us a vision on the evolution of the importance of economic development and of their inability to solve the problem of poverty. The satisfaction of the needs of the human being, would go through seeking a balance between economic growth, care for the environment and social welfare, a breakdown of this balance has put into question the traditional model of economic development, in which they raise fundamental questions where the very accumulation of wealth creates poverty. The bibliographic search carried out has led us to obtain a series of conclusions on the proposed terms,in which a robust social solidarity economy would lead us to the eradication of poverty. This work takes us to a reflection on the sustainability of natural resources, the viability of the economic development model and its rate of growth in a context of globalization in which localities are left behind, but without being forgotten, although they have no involvement in models that meet their development needs.

Relationship between Sustainable Development, Economy and Poverty

Throughout this document, the opportunity is provided to show the relationship between sustainable development and economic growth, focusing on their definitions, their disparity, and their consequences, at the same time it gives us a vision of the evolution of the importance of economic development and of their inability to solve the problem of poverty. The satisfaction of the needs of the human being, would go through seeking a balance between economic growth, care for the environment, and social welfare, a breakdown of this balance has put into question the traditional model of economic development, in which they raise fundamental questions where the very accumulation of wealth creates poverty. The bibliographic search carried out has led us to obtain a series of conclusions on the proposed terms, in which a robust social solidarity economy would lead us to the eradication of poverty. This work takes us to a reflection on the sustainability of natural resources, the viability of the economic development model, and its rate of growth in a context of globalization in which localities are left behind, but without being forgotten, although they have no involvement in models that meet their development needs.

Enhancing pediatric access to cell and gene therapies.

Increasing numbers of cell and gene therapies (CGTs) are emerging to treat and cure pediatric diseases. However, small market sizes limit the potential return on investment within the traditional biopharmaceutical drug development model, leading to a market failure. In this Perspective, we discuss major factors contributing to this failure, including high manufacturing costs, regulatory challenges, and licensing practices that do not incorporate pediatric development milestones, as well as potential solutions. We propose the creation of a new entity, the Pediatric Advanced Medicines Biotech, to lead late-stage development and commercialize pediatric CGTs outside the traditional biopharmaceutical model in the United States-where organized efforts to solve this problem have been lacking. The Pediatric Advanced Medicines Biotech would partner with the academic ecosystem, manufacture products in academic good manufacturing practice facilities and work closely with regulatory bodies, to ferry CGTs across the drug development 'valley of death' and, ultimately, increase access to lifesaving treatments for children in need.

Should we be sceptical in the face of calls for degrowth?

In recent years, an ‘international’ unanimity has been reached as to the importance of collective collaboration to avoid the negative effects of climate change. This requires rethinking the old or traditional development model based on economic growth as the exclusive indicator of wealth. Thus, humanity has an urgent need to adopt a new, more humane and fairer economic model that constitutes an alternative to the models of exponential growth that have dominated in the last two centuries. To do so, humanity is looking to the Degrowth model as a potential concept that aims to reduce wealth from pollutants, seeks more justice (as equity), and the improvement of the capabilities of those who are poor and disadvantaged (in the sense of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum). The purpose of this article is to question this model and whether it actually does improve environmental quality. Additionally, if the response is positive, another question arises: How to finance degrowth especially when we seek other less polluting energy sources whose costs seem to be very high?

Sustainable water–ecosystem management using the Bayesian network and variable relationship analysis

ABSTRACT Under the pressures of global climate change and human activities, the carrying capacity of water and soil resources in agricultural lands has decreased, and the traditional models of agricultural development are no longer sustainable. Land degradation, groundwater quality reduction and ecosystem instability are the consequences of agricultural development without considering sustainability indicators. This article aims to investigate the use of variable relationship analysis and Bayesian network methods to analyze and investigate the relationship between irrigation in agriculture and the sustainability of the groundwater ecosystem. Descriptive statistics of agriculture including cultivation pattern, time, precipitation, irrigation, and land slope were analyzed and combined with the simulated characteristics of groundwater including specific yield, hydraulic conductivity and hydrodynamic diffusion coefficients. Five crops of wheat, barley, paddy, alfalfa, and potato were studied to evaluate the effect of plants on the pattern of nitrate release due to irrigation and fertilization in agriculture. The results showed that managing the amount of fertilizer and the volume of irrigation can positively affect the nitrate distribution pattern in the groundwater even in a short period of time.

Impact of Perception, Satisfaction, and Penetration Rate of Commercial Cultural Tourism on the Sustainable Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage: A Case Study of Xijiang Miao Village in China

The scarcity of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) has prompted many countries to apply it for the development of commercial cultural tourism (CCT). Owing to its traditional culture-centered development model, a contradiction arises between commercial development and traditional cultural protection. Whether the advantages of traditional culture outweigh the disadvantages or the disadvantages outweigh the advantages has also been debated. Results and discussions of the research in this paper are helpful to consider the commercialization of ICH rationally and promote the balance between CCT and the sustainable development of ICH. This paper selects a successful example of cultural tourism of ethnic minorities in China, namely, Xijiang Miao Village. The village has 15 Chinese national-level ICH projects and has successfully applied ICH for cultural tourism development. The questionnaire was designed and distributed in the region by referring to previous research results. IBM SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used to verify and analyze the questionnaire data. Commercial tourism has been a new path for the innovative development of traditional culture, an inevitable trend. CCT can not only increase the enthusiasm for the dissemination of ICH but also increase the intensity of the excavation, protection, and utilization of ICH. The development of tourism has stimulated the development of the local economy. As far as it is concerned, CCT has brought more advantages than disadvantages for the sustainable development of ICH.

Spatial spillover effects of conversion of new and old driving forces on high-quality development: Evidence from 283 cities in China

Converting the forces driving is essential for breaking away from the traditional unsustainable development model and achieving High-Quality Development (HQD). Understanding how the conversion from old to new forces influences HQD is crucial for achieving sustainable development. Therefore, the assessment framework for Conversion of New and Old Driving Forces (CNODF) and HQD are established. From an efficiency perspective, the Super-Efficiency slacks-based model (SBM) model, considering undesirable outputs, is used to measure HQD levels in Chinese cities. The entropy weight method is applied to measure CNODF levels. By integrating coupling coordination degree and relative development degree, the matching and synchronization between HQD and CNODF are categorized. Further, the study introduces the Spatial Durbin Model to quantitatively identify the spatial relationships between HQD and CNODF at both national and urban agglomerations scales. The research findings indicate that from 2006 to 2019, the national average HQD level increased by 50.5 %, and the average CNODF level increased by 11.5 %. The association between the two has strong spatial heterogeneity. At the national scale, CNODF has significant nonlinear spatial spillover effects on HQD. These findings provide theoretical insights for advancing the conversion of driving forces, and can help inform regional high-quality development strategies.

Bavaria's external relations

Importance. The current state of Bavaria’s foreign relations and their main problems are considered, and ways to solve them are proposed. A special emphasis is placed on the role of Bavaria in solving the federal tasks of Germany in the field of foreign policy, for this purpose the concept of auxillary paradiplomacy by Y.G. Akimov is used. The relevance of the study is dictated by the lack of work in the scientific field representing a relevant and modern analysis of the state of Bavaria’s foreign policy. The purpose of the research is to update the study of Bavaria’s foreign relations at the present time. The high level of institutional development, the complexity and interconnectedness of the implemented programs at the level of this federal state are emphasized.Materials and Methods. The main materials are the official Ministries websites of Bavaria and representatives of the Land abroad, as well as reports of the EU commissions on interregional cooperation. To solve the tasks set, the institutional method is used in the context of considering the main actors of Bavaria’s foreign policy and their functions, as well as the “case-study” method for analyzing cooperation between Bavaria and the Czech Republic.Results and Discussion. Using the example of the Strategy for the Development of Relations between Bavaria and the Czech Republic from 2019, the multifactorial nature of Bavaria’s external relations, as well as a well-thought-out institutional design of cooperation, are demonstrated.Conclusion. The Bavarian model can be successfully implemented in other regions (including Russia) seeking greater global cooperation. This model is contrasted with the traditional model of development of external relations of subnational actors, focused mainly on trade; its advantages are emphasized.

ScrumSpiral: An Improved Hybrid Software Development Model

In the lightning-quick world of software development, it is essential to find the most effective and efficient development methodology. This thesis represents "Scrum Spiral" which is an improved hybrid software development model that combines the features of Scrum and Spiral approach to enhance the software development process. This thesis aims to identify the usefulness of "ScrumSpiral" methodology and compare it with other hybrid software development models to encourage its use in software development projects. To develop this hybrid model, we did extensive research on the software engineering domain and decided to create a hybrid model by using Scrum and Spiral, named "Scrum Spiral" which is suitable for complicated projects and also for those projects whose requirements are not fixed. Traditional software development models face numerous challenges in rapidly changing markets. By developing this kind of hybrid model, we want to overcome these kinds of limitations and present the software development community with a novel concept for better project results. Final outcome of this thesis was that we developed a model that should be able to complete the project according to the expected schedule, satisfy customer requirements, and obtain productivity through team coordination. The significance of the hybrid model "Scrum Spiral" is reflected in its ability to offer flexibility towards various size projects, proactive risk management to identify all risks before developing the system, and result in higher-quality outcomes for those projects whose requirements are not properly described initially in the project.

Relative age and sex effect in equestrian sports across the Olympic disciplines and FEI endurance at all age group competition

Abstract Relative age effect (RAE) has been established in many sports, but there is no evidence known in equestrian sports. Equestrian sports do not have a consistent or traditional model of youth development. The aim of the study was to establish whether RAE is evident in equestrian sport and to identify whether rider sex has an effect on ranking. Data were collected from FEI results pages for Endurance, Dressage, Eventing and Showjumping. Birth date and quartile was compared at U18, U21, U25 and Senior in each sport. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis were used to identify any RAE and whether there was a ranking difference between quartiles. A Mann-Whitney U test identified any ranking difference between sexes. No RAE was found in any sport or age category, however there were differences identified in sex for both ranking and participation. Males were shown to rank higher in jumping sports (senior) whereas females were ranked higher in Dressage and Endurance (all age categories). Further studies are required to evaluate the psychosocial factors and development structures in equestrian sport development can affect success. Results question whether a sex difference exists that requires further research into the sex-integration of all equestrian sport.

The spatiotemporal effects on ecosystem services supply-demand from industrial transformation and upgrading: Promotion or inhibition?

Traditional industrial development models have already caused an imbalance in ecosystem services supply and demand (ESSD). As a response strategy, industrial transformation and upgrading (ITU) are increasingly playing a vital role in regulating the relationship among ESSD. However, research on the interplay and impact of these two aspects remains insufficient. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the complex effects of ITU on ESSD is essential for industrial planning and environmental management. We developed a theoretical framework to interpret how ITU impacts ESSD, from the perspective of the natural-social-economic composite ecosystem. Using the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) as an example, we employed the Dynamic Spatial Durbin model (DSDM) to reveal the spatiotemporal effects of ITU on ESSD for four distinct types. The results indicated that from 2010 to 2021, the total supply of ecosystem services in the YREB exceeded the demand. The kernel density curves of ESSD ratios related to food production, carbon sequestration, water conservation, and soil conservation all show a trend of peak shifting to the bottom right over time. Additionally, pronounced spatial heterogeneity was observed in the ESSD ratios, with a notable clustering trend over time. Furthermore, the analysis of spatiotemporal effects decomposition revealed that ITU had a detrimental influence on the equilibrium between the supply and demand of food production, with this adverse effect intensifying and manifesting a stronger spatial spillover as time progressed. Positive effects were observed in the supply and demand for carbon sequestration and water conservation, both demonstrating significant spatial spillover effects. Steady negative spatiotemporal effects were noted for soil conservation supply and demand. Finally, we clarified the principal pathways through which ITU impacts ESSD. It offers policy recommendations for industrial development and ecosystem stewardship to mitigate the ESSD imbalance.

Localized alterations in cortical thickness and sulcal depth of the cingulo-opercular network in relation to lower reading fluency skills in children with dyslexia

The traditional models of reading development describe how language processing and word decoding contribute to reading comprehension and how impairments in word decoding, a defining feature of dyslexia, affect reading comprehension outcomes. However, these models do not include word and sentence reading (contextual reading) fluency, both of which engage executive functions, with notably decreased performance in children with dyslexia. In the current study, we compared cortical thickness and sulcal depth (CT/SD) in the cingulo-opercular (CO) executive functions brain network in children with dyslexia and typical readers and examined associations with word vs. contextual reading fluency. Overall, CT was lower in insular regions and higher in parietal and caudal anterior cingulate cortex regions in children with dyslexia. Children with dyslexia showed positive correlations between word reading fluency and CT/SD in insular regions, whereas no significant correlations were observed in typical readers. For sentence reading fluency, negative correlations with CT/SD were found in insular regions in children with dyslexia, while positive correlations with SD were found in insular regions in typical readers. These results demonstrate the differential relations between word and sentence reading fluency and anatomical circuitry supporting executive functions in children with dyslexia vs. typical readers. It also suggests that word and sentence reading fluency, relate to morphology of executive function-related regions in children with dyslexia, whereas in typical readers, only sentence reading fluency relates to morphology of executive function regions. The results also highlight the role of the insula within the CO network in reading fluency. Here we suggest that word and sentence reading fluency are distinct components of reading that should each be included in the Simple View of Reading traditional model.

Identifying the path choice of digital economy to crack the “resource curse" in China from the perspective of configuration

Against the backdrop of the “green economy", economic growth and environmental protection are perceived as interdependent and inseparable entities. The digital economy, as a novel economic paradigm, plays a crucial role in unraveling the “resource curse" of excessive resource consumption under traditional development models. This study employs the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method investigate the configuration effects of technical, organizational, and environmental factors on addressing the “resource curse" across 30 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in China. It also examines the interactive matching relationships among different factors and the heterogeneity of the digital economy in mitigating the “resource curse". It is significantly established that breaking the “resource curse" does not have a single necessary condition, and the environmental factors emerge as pivotal elements for each province in this process. Considering the role of digital economy, there are four distinct configuration paths for the digital economy to mitigate the “resource curse", each exhibiting significant regional and industrial dependence heterogeneity. This research approach integrates the digital economy with traditional resource economies, aiming to explore new development patterns and theoretical frameworks. It also seeks to provide policymakers with practical strategies to guide economic and social transition towards a modernized path characterized by green, circular, and efficient development with the aid of the digital tools.

Fiscal Decentralization and Green Innovation - Evidence from Listed Firms in China

This paper takes the reform of "Province-Managing-County(PMC)" as a natural experiment, utilizes the data of listed enterprises and green patent data from 2007 to 2019, and applies the method of the difference-in-differences(DID) to investigate the impact of fiscal decentralization on enterprises' green innovation. The study finds that the PMC reform makes the green innovation of enterprises decrease by 27.34%, and this phenomenon is more significant in state-owned enterprises and non-heavy pollution industries. The main mechanism lies in the fact that local governments, in pursuit of economic development, reduce the amount of sewage charges paid by enterprises and lower the entry threshold of enterprises, and at the same time, this behavior influences the decision makers of enterprises to reduce the amount of environmental protection investment of enterprises. Additionally, the study found that government environmental protection subsidies can ease financial constraints on enterprise green innovation, mitigating the inhibitory impact of PMC reform. The paper advocates shifting from a traditional rapid economic development model to embracing green development, integrating it into core government management, and methodically advancing fiscal decentralization reform.

Neoplastic Progression in Macroscopic Precursor Lesions of the Pancreas.

Macroscopic precursor lesions of the pancreas represent a complex clinical management problem. Molecular characterization of pancreatic cysts has helped to confirm and refine clinical and pathologic classifications of these lesions, inform our understanding of tumorigenesis in the pancreas, and provide opportunities for preoperative diagnosis. To review the pathologic classification of macroscopic cystic lesions of the pancreas: intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs), intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms (IOPNs), and intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms (ITPNs), and to describe our current state of understanding of their molecular underpinnings, relationship to invasive carcinomas, and implications for diagnosis and prognostication. We assessed the current primary literature and current World Health Organization Classification of Digestive System Tumours. Macroscopic cystic lesions of the pancreas are morphologically and molecularly diverse. IPMNs and MCNs share mucinous cytoplasm with papillae. MCNs are defined by ovarian-type stroma. IOPNs have granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, prominent nucleoli, and complex, arborizing papillae. ITPNs demonstrate complex, back-to-back tubules and anastomosing papillae and lack prominent intracellular mucin. IPMNs and MCNs are characterized by driver mutations in KRAS/GNAS (IPMNs) and KRAS (MCNs), with later driver events in RNF43, CDKN2A, SMAD4, and TP53. In contrast, IOPNs and ITPNs have recurrent rearrangements in PRKACA/PRKACB and MAPK-associated genes, respectively. The recurrent alterations described in cysts provide an opportunity for diagnosis using aspirated cyst fluid. Molecular characterization of IPMNs shows a striking spatial and mutational heterogeneity, challenging traditional models of neoplastic development and creating challenges to interpretation of cyst fluid sequencing results.

The Study of The Impact of Digital Finance on Corporate Green Investment

Green investment is an important way to strengthen pollution control and improve environmental quality. In recent years, in the rapid development of the economy at the same time, China is facing the serious problem of serious environmental pollution and lack of resources, change the mode of development, construction of a set of innovation, wisdom, high efficiency, green as one of the development model has become the future of China's enterprise development strategy of a major shift. In the future development of enterprises, green investment is a crucial part of breaking the traditional development model that has long relied excessively on high inputs, high pollution and high emissions, and shifting to a green and high-quality development model that relies more on technological advancement, efficiency improvement, and pollution and carbon reduction. Compared with traditional finance, digital finance expands the breadth and depth of financial development, and is a more sustainable, environmentally friendly and efficient mode of financial development, which may be able to become an important engine for corporate green investment.Based on the data of Chinese listed companies from 2011-2021, this paper studies the impact of digital finance development on corporate green investment. The empirical results show that digital finance significantly increases firms' green investment, and this conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests.

A retrospective study of a climate change communication train-the-trainer program

Train-the-trainer programs are an effective method for improving educators’ content knowledge and pedagogical skills. They also offer a way to reach more educators than by traditional professional development models. This manuscript shares the results of a retrospective study conducted with a cohort of informal science educators who participated in a climate change train-the-trainer program. Using expectancy-value theory and the Professional Development Motivation Model, this study explored the components of the program to identify what contributed to the outcomes of the train-the-trainer model. The positive components included in person meetings, a paid coordinator to support the educators following the training, and evidence-based pedagogical strategies for teaching about climate change. Negative features included interpersonal and intrapersonal conflicts related to learning new pedagogical strategies. A small number also felt the curriculum was not applicable to their communities. Organizations should consider these factors as they design new programs to best serve their participants.

THE ROLE AND PLACE OF THE BIOSPHERE ECO-CITY IN THE MODERN MODEL OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

This article explores the significance of biosphere eco-cities in contemporary human development by examining their evolution in response to the challenges faced by traditional urban development models. It explores the key characteristics of biosphere eco-cities, which are guided by the principles of sustainability and have unique features that distinguish them in the modern development landscape. Trends in the development of biosphere eco-cities, such as green technology and regenerative design, are discussed. The importance of biosphere eco-cities for achieving global sustainable development goals, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals, is highlighted. The concept of a biosphere eco-city envisages the creation of urban spaces that prioritize environmental sustainability, striving to achieve a harmonious balance between human activity and the natural environment. These cities integrate the principles of environmental protection, resource efficiency, and social well-being into their design and development. Biospheric eco-cities are key to addressing the challenges posed by rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, and climate change. They seek to create urban environments that are not only sustainable but also contribute to the overall well-being of their inhabitants. This approach is essential to achieving a more balanced and sustainable human-nature relationship.