Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Research Articles

Analysis of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome elements and clinical symptoms in prediabetes: A systematic review.

Prediabetes mellitus (PDM) and impaired glucose regulation precedes diabetes and serve as early warning signals. A 2018 Chinese epidemiological survey reported prediabetes at 25.5% prevalence and type 2 diabetes at 10.8%, respectively. Untreated carries one-third of the risk of diabetes progression. This study aimed to understand traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in PDM to guide clinical practice and diabetes prevention. We systematically searched the Chinese and English literature in PubMed, EMBASE, Sinomed, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang until March 31, 2023. We manually explored the Chinese prediabetes literature, trial registrations, and references, adhering to predefined criteria. The results were independently summarized by 2 researchers. Statistical analysis was performed using EXCEL, IBM SPSS 27.0, and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0, with data mining techniques including association and cluster analysis. Analysis of 23 clinical trials (8943 patients) identified phlegm dampness syndrome as predominant, with qi deficiency, dampness, and phlegm as the principal pathogenic elements. Spleen syndrome elements dominated, with a priori correlation analysis favoring spleen dampness. The prevalent PDM clinical symptoms include amnesia, mental fatigue, limb fatigue, dizziness, and lumbar discomfort. Prediabetes is strongly associated with spleen dampness, highlighting its role. Common traditional Chinese medicine syndrome elements include qi deficiency, phlegm, and dampness. Clinical diagnosis and treatment should prioritize syndrome differentiation and emphasize spleen-focused approaches. Although limited research exists on prediabetes syndromes, further exploration of PDM and spleen dampness is crucial.

Factor analysis of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms for identification of syndrome patterns associated with idiopathic short stature in children.

Diagnosing idiopathic short stature (ISS) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) remains challenging partly because the symptoms and syndrome patterns vary among ISS patients and studies. We aimed to use factor analysis of TCM symptoms to identify syndrome patterns associated with ISS in children on the basis of TCM theory. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, from October 1, 2014, to February 28, 2016. The study included 957 individuals who were newly diagnosed with ISS through simple random sampling. The outcome measures comprised 34 TCM symptoms related to children's growth, and these symptoms were assessed using a five-level self-report questionnaire, which was completed by children and their parents. A factor analysis was conducted for the extraction of underlying factors. A total of 26 symptoms had factor loadings higher than the exact threshold value (0.4), and five factors were extracted. Factor 1, comprising seven symptoms, was interpreted as "yin deficiency and fire hyperactivity of kidney syndrome." Factor 2, which included eight symptoms, was interpreted as "phlegm dampness stagnation of spleen syndrome." Factor 4, which included five symptoms, was interpreted as "liver qi invading the spleen syndrome." Factor 5, which included four symptoms, was interpreted as "spleen-stomach weakness syndrome." Factor 3, which included four symptoms, was uninterpretable. Factors 1-5 accounted for 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, and 6% of the total variance. Four major TCM syndrome patterns, namely, "yin deficiency and fire hyperactivity of kidney syndrome," "phlegm dampness stagnation of spleen syndrome," "Liver qi invading the spleen syndrome," and "spleen-stomach weakness syndrome" were identified and accounted for 40% of the total variance of the 34 TCM symptoms surveyed in children with ISS. Our findings may facilitate the diagnosis of ISS and the optimization of treatment strategies.

Modular pharmacology: research progress and development of analysis platform

Based on the systematic deconstruction of multi-dimensional and multi-target biological networks, modular pharmacology explains the complex mechanism of diseases and the interactions of multi-target drugs. It has made progress in the fields of pathogenesis of disease, biological basis of disease and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome, pharmacological mechanism of multi-target herbs, compatibility of formulas, and discovery of new drug of TCM compound. However, the complexity of multi-omics data and biological networks brings challenges to the modular deconstruction and analysis of the drug networks. Here, we constructed the "Computing Platform for Modular Pharmacology" online analysis system, which can implement the function of network construction, module identification, module discriminant analysis, hub-module analysis, intra-module and inter-module relationship analysis, and topological visualization of network based on quantitative expression profiles and protein-protein interaction(PPI) data. This tool provides a powerful tool for the research on complex diseases and multi-target drug mechanisms by means of modular pharmacology. The platform may have broad range of application in disease modular identification and correlation mechanism, interpretation of scientific principles of TCM, analysis of complex mechanisms of TCM and formulas, and discovery of multi-target drugs.

Efficacy and safety of Qingfei Huatan formula in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common respiratory disease, can be effectively treated by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Qingfei Huatan, a TCM formula, has been reported to effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms of COPD patients. However, there is a lack of multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, controlled clinical trials documenting the clinical efficacy and safety of this formula in the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). ObjectiveThis study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Qingfei Huatan formula in the treatment of AECOPD, thereby providing high-quality clinical evidence. Design, setting, participants and interventionsA total of 276 patients with AECOPD were included in this multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and were randomised into treatment and control groups at a ratio of 1:1. Patients in the treatment and control groups took Qingfei Huatan granules or simulated Qingfei Huatan granules twice a day, for 14 days, in addition to Western medicine treatment. All patients were followed up for 3 months. Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was time taken to symptom stabilisation. The secondary outcomes included duration of antibiotic use, clinical symptom and sign score, TCM syndrome score, dyspnoea score, and quality of life (QOL) score. Meanwhile, the safety of the formula was assessed through routine urine and stool tests, electrocardiograms, liver and kidney function tests, and the observation of adverse events throughout the trial. ResultsThe time taken for effective stabilisation (P < 0.05) and obvious stabilisation (P < 0.01), and the duration of antibiotic use (P < 0.05) were significantly shorter in the treatment group than in the control group. On days 6, 9, 12 and 14 of treatment, clinical symptom and sign score decreased in both groups, particularly in the treatment group (P < 0.01). On days 9, 12 and 14 of treatment, the TCM syndrome scores of both groups were reduced (P < 0.01), with more significant reductions in the treatment group. At 3 months after the end of treatment, the treatment group continued to have lower clinical symptom and sign score and TCM syndrome score than the control group (P < 0.01). On days 6, 9, 12 and 14 of treatment, dyspnoea and QOL scores were markedly reduced in the two groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), especially in the treatment group. At 3 months after the end of treatment, dyspnoea and QOL scores were lower in the treatment group than those in the control group (P < 0.01). No serious adverse events were observed in either group. ConclusionThe Qingfei Huatan formula can effectively shorten the duration of AECOPD and antibiotic use, significantly relieve clinical symptoms, and increase QOL for AECOPD patients, with a favourable safety profile. These results suggest that this formula can be used as a complementary treatment for AECOPD patients.Trial registration: The protocol was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900026576).Please cite this article as: Zhu HZ, Li CY, Liu LJ, Tong JB, Lan ZH, Tian SG, Li Q, Tong XL, Wu JF, Zhu ZG, Li SY, Li JS. Efficacy and safety of Qingfei Huatan formula in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(5): 561–569.

Investigation of Insomnia Influencing Factors and Their Relationship with TCM Syndrome Elements in 621 Medical Staff Members

Objectives: Our study examined the incidence of insomnia among Chinese medical professionals, delved into associated factors, and examined its connection with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) diagnostic elements. Methods: Between January 2020 and December 2022, our evaluation included 621 medical personnel, utilizing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Our team gathered data on demographics and occupations to pinpoint potential risks linked to insomnia. Furthermore, the components of TCM syndrome were assessed to understand their correlation with the quality of sleep. Results: Overall, 523 staff were classified as experiencing insomnia (PSQI score ≥ 8). We found statistically significant differences age, professional title, abnormal menstruation, night shift assignment, work intensity, and years of service between insomnia and non-insomnia groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed age over 40, senior professional title, night shift assignment, and high work intensity as risk factors for insomnia, while longer tenure was protective. Insomnia patients predominantly exhibited TCM syndromes such as phlegm-heat internally, heart-fire hyperactivity, and liver-depression fire. Conclusion: Our results reveal a high prevalence of insomnia among medical staff and its association with various demographic and occupational factors. They underscore the relevance of TCM syndrome elements in understanding sleep disorders and suggest personalized interventions targeting specific syndromes. Effective management of insomnia in medical staff is crucial for promoting both individual well-being and patient care quality.

Research Progress of TCM Treatment of Postoperative Constipation in Anorectal Diseases

Postoperative constipation for anorectal diseases is mainly manifested as dry stool due to pain and fear of defecation, slow bowel movement or improper diet, difficulty in defecation or even several days without defecation after anorectal diseases. It is a common disease after anorectal diseases, which not only affects postoperative wound healing, but also often causes psychological and mental diseases and acute cardiovasoular and cerebrovascular diseases. In severe cases, the postoperative recovery of patients is greatly affected. At present, through the treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation,TCM external treatment and other methods, has achieved good ourative effect. In this paper, the recent progress in the treatment of constipation after anorectal diseases by traditional Chinese medicine was summarized.

AI: Bridging Ancient Wisdom and Modern Innovation in Traditional Chinese Medicine.

The pursuit of groundbreaking health care innovations has led to the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), thus marking a new frontier that demonstrates the promise of combining the advantages of ancient healing practices with cutting-edge advancements in modern technology. TCM, which is a holistic medical system with >2000 years of empirical support, uses unique diagnostic methods such as inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and palpation. AI is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially via computer systems. TCM is experience oriented, holistic, and subjective, and its combination with AI has beneficial effects, which presumably arises from the perspectives of diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, and prognostic veracity. The role of AI in TCM is highlighted by its use in diagnostics, with machine learning enhancing the precision of treatment through complex pattern recognition. This is exemplified by the greater accuracy of TCM syndrome differentiation via tongue images that are analyzed by AI. However, integrating AI into TCM also presents multifaceted challenges, such as data quality and ethical issues; thus, a unified strategy, such as the use of standardized data sets, is required to improve AI understanding and application of TCM principles. The evolution of TCM through the integration of AI is a key factor for elucidating new horizons in health care. As research continues to evolve, it is imperative that technologists and TCM practitioners collaborate to drive innovative solutions that push the boundaries of medical science and honor the profound legacy of TCM. We can chart a future course wherein AI-augmented TCM practices contribute to more systematic, effective, and accessible health care systems for all individuals.

Clinical therapeutic effect of self-prescribed Sanhanchushi Tongbi on lumbar disc herniation

BACKGROUND Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) commonly occurs during spinal surgery; LDH is on the increase in younger patients and is classified as "paralysis" and "back pain.” Sanhanchushi Tongbi (SPST) is a customized prescription. It disperses cold, relieves pain, removes cold from the meridians and viscera, and treats neuropathic pain. However, few studies have investigated its mechanism of pain relief. AIM To observe the clinical therapeutic effects on LDH treated with self-prescribed SPST. METHODS A total of 211 patients with LDH syndrome were divided into two groups: 107 patients in the control group were treated with conventional massage combined with traction, and 104 patients in the observation group were treated with a combination of the control regimen and self-prescribed oral SPST. The patients were treated for 4 wk. Indices of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score and serum inflammatory factor levels were measured. RESULTS After therapy, the TCM syndrome score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The main symptoms, clinical signs, daily activities, and Japanese Orthopedic Association scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after therapy (P &lt; 0.05). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein were lower in the observation group than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). In the observation group, superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher, whereas malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower, compared with the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The overall efficacy rate in the observation group was 96.15%, which was substantially higher than that in the control group (88.79%; P &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSION Self-prescribed SPST can reduce the levels of inflammatory and pain-causing factors as well as lumbar pain in patients with LDH.

Clinical intervention effect of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction on chronic heart failure complicated with depression

BACKGROUND The diagnosis and treatment of depression in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) is challenging, with no ideal treatment at present. AIM To analyze the clinical intervention effect of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) on CHF complicated with depression. METHODS The study cohort comprised 116 patients with CHF complicated with depression who received treatment from July 2020 to July 2023, of which 55 received Western medicine (control group) and 61 received XFZYD (research group). Data on clinical effectiveness, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score, cardiac function, negative emotions, and serum inflammatory factors, were collected for comparative analyses. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the research group had an evidently higher total effective rate. Furthermore, there were marked reductions in TCM symptom score, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the research group after treatment, and these were lower than the corresponding values in the control group. Left ventricular ejection fraction was increased and higher in the research group compared with the control group after treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings conclusively proved that XFZYD was considerably superior to Western medicine for treating CHF complicated with depression because it significantly alleviated patients’ symptoms, improved cardiac function, relieved negative emotions, and reduced the levels of serum inflammatory factors.

HHO optimized support vector machine classifier for traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation of diabetic retinopathy.

To develop a classifier for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation of diabetic retinopathy (DR), using optimized machine learning algorithms, which can provide the basis for TCM objective and intelligent syndrome differentiation. Collated data on real-world DR cases were collected. A variety of machine learning methods were used to construct TCM syndrome classification model, and the best performance was selected as the basic model. Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used for feature selection to obtain the optimal feature combination. Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) was used for parameter optimization, and a classification model based on feature selection and parameter optimization was constructed. The performance of the model was compared with other optimization algorithms. The models were evaluated with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score as indicators. Data on 970 cases that met screening requirements were collected. Support Vector Machine (SVM) was the best basic classification model. The accuracy rate of the model was 82.05%, the precision rate was 82.34%, the recall rate was 81.81%, and the F1 value was 81.76%. After GA screening, the optimal feature combination contained 37 feature values, which was consistent with TCM clinical practice. The model based on optimal combination and SVM (GA_SVM) had an accuracy improvement of 1.92% compared to the basic classifier. SVM model based on HHO and GA optimization (HHO_GA_SVM) had the best performance and convergence speed compared with other optimization algorithms. Compared with the basic classification model, the accuracy was improved by 3.51%. HHO and GA optimization can improve the model performance of SVM in TCM syndrome differentiation of DR. It provides a new method and research idea for TCM intelligent assisted syndrome differentiation.

Effect of Luhong formula on the cardiac rehabilitation of patients with chronic heart failure

BACKGROUND Current treatments for chronic heart failure (CHF) are therapeutically ineffective. The optimization of treatments for this disease needs to be explored and analyzed. AIM To analyze the effect of using Luhong Formula in the cardiac rehabilitation of patients with CHF and its influence on cardiopulmonary function (CPF) and prognosis. METHODS In total, 160 patients with CHF admitted between June 2022 and June 2023 were selected, including 75 receiving perindopril (control group) and 85 receiving Luhong Formula (research group). We conducted comparative analyses on the curative effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and cardiac function, CPF [oxygen consumption at the anaerobic threshold (VO2 AT) and at peak exercise (peak VO2)], echocardiographic indexes [left atrial volume index (LAVI), left ventricular muscle mass index (LVMI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)], and prognosis [major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) at 6 months follow-up]. RESULTS The research group showed markedly higher curative effects of TCM syndromes and cardiac function than the control group. In addition, post-treatment VO2 AT, peak VO2, LVMI and LVEF in the research group were significantly higher, whereas LAVI was significantly lower, than those of the control group. Furthermore, fewer patients in the research group developed MACEs at the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSION Luhong Formula is more therapeutically effective than perindopril for the cardiac rehabilitation of patients with CHF, specifically in enhancing CPF and prognosis.

Study on the value of Inhibin B in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its correlation with traditional Chinese medicine syndromes: An observational study.

To investigate the expression of Inhibin B between various clinical stages, Chinese medicine dialectic typing, and in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues and serum, and to evaluate the potential of Inhibin B as a new biomarker for NPC. Paraffin specimens of pathologically confirmed NPC tissues and paracancerous tissues were retrospectively collected, and the expression of Inhibin α (INHA) and Inhibin βB (INHBB) was detected by SP method, and their relationship with clinicopathological indexes was analyzed; in addition, patients with NPC who had received radiotherapy were included as the study subjects, and Epstein-Barr virus DNA (EBV-DNA), INHA, and INHBB in patients were detected by using the fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and chemiluminescent immuno-sandwiching method, respectively. EBV-DNA, EBV-viral capsid antigen-immunoglobulin A (VCA IgA), INHA, and INHBB were detected in the patients, respectively, and their relationships with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) patterns were also analyzed. The expression of INHA and INHBB in NPC tissues was lower than that in paracancerous tissues, and the expression of INHA in NPC patients was correlated with lymphatic metastasis, clinical staging, and TCM staging; the levels of EBV-DNA and VCA IgA were higher than that of healthy populations in NPC patients and were higher than that of patients with stage III + IV than that of patients with stage I + II, and the levels of INHA and INHBB were lower than those of healthy populations and were lower than those of patients with stage III + IV than that of patients with stage I + II. The levels of INHA and INHBB in nasopharyngeal cancer patients were lower than those in healthy people, and the levels in stage III + IV patients were lower than those in stage I + II patients. The levels of EBV-DNA and VCA IgA in nasopharyngeal cancer patients were correlated with the Chinese medicine patterns, and had different patterns. The expression of Inhibin B may be related to the progression of NPC, and it has certain typing significance for different TCM syndromes of NPC, which is helpful for TCM typing diagnosis.

Analysis of Gut Microbiota as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Lung Adenocarcinoma with Qi-Deficiency and Phlegm-Turbid Stagnation

Background: In lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), Qi-deficiency and Phlegm-turbid stagnation (QP) are the most prevalent Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome. Methods: Herein, we collected 90 fecal samples (Healthy individual (H): 30; other syndrome (O): 30; QP: 30) and explored the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in LUAD patients with QP syndrome using 16s-rRNA sequencing. Then, we identified biomarkers for QP syndrome in LUAD patients with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) and applied logistic regression analysis to construct a diagnostic model evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and validated with data from metagenomics. Results: The α diversity and β diversity revealed that the microbiota community structure in LUAD patients with QP syndrome was different from that with healthy individuals and LUAD patients with other syndromes. At the phylum level, the QP group had more abundance of Bacteroidetes and less Proteobacteria than the O group. At the genus level, the abundance of 4 genera (Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Prevotella, and Flavonifractor) was different between the QP group and O group. Moreover, LEfSe indicated that those 4 genera might be the biomarkers for LUAD patients with QP syndrome. Then, we used those 4 genera to develop a diagnostic model. The AUC based on 16s-rRNA sequencing and metagenomics was 0.989 and 1, respectively. Conclusion: A diagnostic model was developed, which would be an available tool for the clinical diagnosis of LUAD with QP syndrome.

Distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes in diabetic kidney disease chronic kidney disease 1-5: a correlation study.

To analyze the distribution of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and its related factors. We enrolled 435 patients with DKD, who were not undergoing dialysis, admitted to the Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital from April 2020 to August 2021. Analysis of their TCM syndromes and related factors was carried out. The 435 patients included 109, 117, 86, and 123 chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1-2, CKD3, CKD4, and CKD5 cases, respectively. With the progression of CKD1-5, the proportion of Yin deficiency and dry heat syndrome, and that of Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome showed a downward trend, whereas the proportion of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency, blood deficiency, blood stasis, water stagnation, and phlegm turbidity syndromes showed an upward trend; the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Yin deficiency and dry heat syndrome was positively correlated with hemoglobin [odds ratio (OR) = 1.022, P = 0.005], albumin (OR = 1.058, P = 0.006), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (OR = 1.020, P < 0.001) but negatively correlated with male sex (OR = 0.277, P = 0.004). Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome was positively correlated with albumin (OR = 1.056, P < 0.001) and eGFR (OR = 1.008, P = 0.022) but negatively correlated with age (OR = 0.977, P = 0.023). Liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome was positively correlated with age (OR = 1.028, P = 0.021) and glycosylated hemoglobin (OR = 1.223, P = 0.007) but negatively correlated with total cholesterol (OR = 0.792, P = 0.006). Spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome was negatively correlated with hemoglobin (OR = 0.977, P < 0.001), albumin (OR = 0.891, P < 0.001), and eGFR (OR = 0.978, P < 0.001) but positively correlated with high density lipoprotein (OR = 3.376, P = 0.001). With CKD1-5 progression, TCM syndromes changed from Yin deficiency and dry heat syndrome to syndrome of deficiency of both Qi and Yin, liver-kidney Yin, and spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndromes. TCM syndromes were correlated with laboratory test results.

Effect of Huo Li Su Oral Solution Combined with Zopiclone in the Treatment of Insomnia Symptoms.

Insomnia is a common symptom in subhealthy states. In patients, long-term insomnia symptoms can lead to decreased immune function, even mental depression, thus seriously affecting quality of life. Therefore, this study aims to observe the therapeutic effect of huo li su (HLS) oral solution combined with zopiclone in the treatment of insomnia to find suitable drugs for treatment. A total of 161 patients with insomnia from January 2017 to March 2022 were selected in this retrospective cohort study. The patients were divided into the observation (82 cases, receiving HLS oral solution and zopiclone) and control (79 cases, receiving zopiclone alone) groups in accordance with therapeutic drug administration. The differences in the scores of the 2 groups on the Sleep Disorder Scale (SDRS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Inventory 14 (FS-14), and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes before and after treatment were compared. No significant differences in age, gender, disease duration, body mass index (BMI), and other general data were found between the 2 groups (P > .05). The TCM syndrome, PSQI, FS-14, and SDRS scores before treatment of the 2 groups were not significantly different (P < .05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the TCM syndrome, PSQI, FS-14, and SDRS scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group. HLS oral solution combined with zopiclone can effectively improve insomnia symptoms and is superior to zopiclone alone.

Proteomics analysis of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease with different Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome types before and after percutaneous coronary intervention.

To investigate the underlying protein molecular mechanisms of "Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome" (QS) and "Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome" (QD), as two subtypes of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In this study, a total of 227 CAD patients with QS and 211 CAD patients with QD were enrolled; all participants underwent PCI. Label-free quantification proteomics were employed to analyze the changes in serum in two subtypes of CAD patients before and 6 months after PCI, aiming to elucidate the intervention mechanism of PCI in treating CAD characterized by two different TCM syndromes. Biochemical analysis revealed significant changes in tumor necrosis factor-α, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood stasis clinical symptoms observation, and Gensini levels in both patient groups post-PCI; Proteomic analysis identified 79 and 95 differentially expressed proteins in the QS and QD patient groups, respectively, compared to their control groups. complement C8 alpha chain, complement factor H, apolipoprotein H, apolipoprotein B, plasminogen, carbonic anhydrase 2, and complement factor I were altered in both comparison groups. Furthermore, enrichment analysis demonstrated that cell adhesion and connectivity-related processes underwent changes in QS patients post-PCI, whereas lipid metabolism-related pathways, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway and extracellular matrix receptor interaction, underwent changes in the QD group. The protein-protein interaction network analysis further enriched 52 node proteins, including apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a), complement C5, apolipoprotein A4, complement C8 alpha chain, complement C8 beta chain, complement C8 gamma chain, apolipoprotein H, apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ, albumin, complement C4-B, apolipoprotein C3, among others. The functional network of these proteins is posited to contribute to the pathophysiology of CAD characterized by TCM syndromes. The current quantitative proteomic study has preliminarily identified biomarkers of CAD in different TCM subtypes treated with PCI, potentially laying the groundwork for understanding the protein profiles associated with the treatment of various TCM subtypes of CAD.

Individualized Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment antibiotics for recurrent urinary tract infections: a multicenter, randomized controlled study.

To systematically assess the effects of individualized Chinese medicines on recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). This study recruited 230 adult female patients in the remission phase of rUTIs from five hospitals in China. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups: an individualized Chinese medicine group (n = 114) and a control group (n = 116). Patients in the Chinese medicine group received individualized Chinese herbs, which were evaluated for syndrome differentiation. Patients in the control group received antibiotic treatment combined with a Chinese medicine placebo. The duration of treatment was three courses of four weeks each, with a three-month subsequent follow-up. UTI recurrence rate, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36) score, and urine secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) were measured and analyzed before and after treatment in each group. Patients from the Chinese medicine group exhibited significant decreases in both short- and long-term UTI recurrence rates compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The changes in TCM syndrome scores between the Chinese medicine and control groups were significant (P < 0.05). The changes in the average SF-36 quality-of-life scores in the Chinese medicine group were also significantly higher than those in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05). The Chinese medicine group also demonstrated a significant increase in urine SIgA expression. Taken together, compared to the often-used long-term antimicrobial prophylaxis during the remission stage of rUTIs, treating patients with an individualized Chinese medicine decoction by syndrome differentiation could effectively reduce the recurrence rate, improve the patients' TCM syndrome scores and quality of life, and enhance immunity, which in turn helps to prevent antibiotic resistance.

WITHDRAWN: Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Animal Models and Multi-omics Biomarkers in Type II Diabetes: A Review

IntroductionDiabetes, a chronic metabolic disease marked by hyperglycemia, predominantly manifests as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), representing over 90% of diabetes cases with intricate pathogenesis and varied pathological attributes. Drawing upon Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) principles, this article outlines the methodology and evaluation criteria for integrating TCM syndromes into animal models for T2DM while comprehensively examining T2DM pathogenic mechanisms and physiological characteristics from various omics perspectives to pinpoint essential biomarkers. MethodsResearchers conducted comprehensive searches using databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar and CNKI. Selection criteria were based on content relevance and publication date, resulting in the inclusion of 223 articles, including Chinese and English journal papers, master's and doctoral theses. This comprehensive review aims to highlight the importance of TCM in research related to T2DM, as well as its compatibility with modern technology, providing guidance for future development of targeted drugs and clinical treatment for T2DM. ResultsThis article, based on the fundamental theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine, summarized the methodology and evaluation criteria for constructing 6 types of T2DM animal models: Blood Stasis Syndrome, Kidney Yin Deficiency Syndrome, Spleen Deficiency Syndrome, Yang Deficiency Syndrome, Qi and Yin Deficiency Syndrome, and Yin and Yang Deficiency Syndrome. It comprehensively analyzed the latest research progress on the pathogenic mechanisms and physiological characteristics of T2DM from the perspectives of genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and gut microbiomics, providing crucial insights for the discovery of potential biomarkers for T2DM. DiscussionsThe broad use of multi-omics tech aids in T2DM pathogenesis understanding. For comprehensive insight, analyzing genes, proteins, metabolites and microbiota is vital. As a metabolic disorder, T2DM has a prolonged development process, necessitating the selection of different biomarkers for various stages of the disease progression and long-term monitoring of the overall changes in key biomarkers. The development of a “disease-syndrome” animal model is pivotal for the advancement of targeted drug therapies. The crux lies in the accuracy, repeatability, and stability of the model and its assessment criteria. Future investigations should focus on multi-omics analyses across diverse T2DM syndromes to facilitate personalized treatment strategies.

Prospective,multi-center,and large-scale hospital centralized monitoring of clinical safety of Reduning Injection in 100249 children cases

This study utilized a prospective, large-sample, multi-center, and registered key specialty approach of hospitals to monitor the application of Reduning Injection. A total of 100 249 adolescent patients aged 14 years and below who received Reduning Injection were monitored, resulting in 83 cases of adverse events, with 76 of them being classified as adverse drug reaction(ADR). The calculated incidence rate of ADR for Reduning Injection was 0.076%, indicating a very rare ADR. The main symptoms of ADR were pruritus, diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, high fever, dyspnea, convulsion, and chills. All ADR cases were reported for the first time, including three new ADR cases and 73 known ADR cases. The categories of ADR was general ADR. All ADR was mild in severity. There were more males than females in ADR patients. One patient had a history of ADR, and the drug causing ADR was buprofen. The largest number of ADR cases occurred when the dosage of Reduning injection was 5-10 mL. The dropping speed was 30 drops or less per min, and the solvent type was 5% glucose injection. The most common manifestation of ADR patients was pruritus, followed by diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, high fever, dyspnea, convulsions, and chills. 72 patients(94.74% of ADR patients) discontinued the drug, and three patients(3.95% of ADR patients) were given oxygen inhalation. 47 cases(61.84% of ADR patients) were treated with medication, of which dexamethasone was the most used(24 cases, 46.15% of ADR patients). 76 ADR patients were cured or improved. ADRs are more likely to occur when diagnosed with acute bronchitis by western medicine and cough by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), TCM syndrome type is wind heat syndrome, and the combination medicine is ambroxol hydrochloride and bromhexine hydrochloride injection, ascorbic acid/vitamin C injection. This result provides an evidence-based safety basis for active pharmacovigilance of Reduning Injection in adolescents aged 14 years and below.

Guideline of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer patients with emotional disorders (2023)

Breast cancer has emerged as one of the most common malignancies among women globally, constituting a major cause of female cancer-related mortality. Among breast cancer patients, the incidence of emotional disorders is notably high, significantly impacting their quality of life and disease prognosis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers numerous advantages in addressing emotional disorders. However, currently there are no standardized diagnostic or therapeutic guidelines for TCM management of emotional disturbances accompanying breast cancer. This guideline, authored by a panel of experts in the field of TCM, including specialists in breast oncology, breast surgery, and psychosomatic medicine, is based on the current best evidence and expert insights. It standardizes the terms and definitions, diagnostic criteria, etiology and pathogenesis, clinical staging, and treatment principles of breast cancer with emotional disorders. Meanwhile, the guideline establishes 6 main TCM syndrome types and their corresponding treatment strategies. Its purpose is to serve as a reference and foundation for the clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment of emotional disorders in breast cancer patients.