Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulation Research Articles

Efficacy of Jiangzhi Mai'an Granules in the treatment of stable angina pectoris with phlegm and blood stasis obstruction and carotid artery plaque: A prospective randomized study.

Stable angina pectoris, resulting from coronary artery atherosclerosis, significantly affects quality of life and carries a high risk of cardiovascular events. Despite modern therapies, managing this condition remains challenging. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) views it as a syndrome of heart meridian obstruction by phlegm and blood stasis, necessitating improved circulation and phlegm resolution. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Jiangzhi Mai'an Granules, a TCM formulation, in treating stable angina pectoris and carotid atherosclerosis, with the goal of integrating TCM with Western medicine to enhance clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life. A total of 120 patients diagnosed with stable angina pectoris and carotid atherosclerotic plaques of the phlegm and blood stasis types were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group (n = 60) received standard Western medical treatment, whereas the treated group (n = 60) received JZMA in addition to the standard regimen. The treatment duration in both the groups was 3 months. The outcomes measured included carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), carotid plaque dimensions, TCM syndrome scores, and serum lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], apolipoprotein B [Apo B], and non-HDL-C) and lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) levels before and after treatment. The treated group achieved a total efficacy rate of 93.3% (56/60), which surpassed the control group rate of 78.3% (47/60). The CIMT, carotid plaque thickness, and area in the treated group were significantly reduced posttreatment compared to baseline (P < .05) and were also lower than those in the control group (P < .05). Serum lipid levels, including TC, TG, LDL-C, ApoB and non-HDL-C were significantly decreased in both groups posttreatment (P < .05), and the treated group showed a further increase in HDL-C levels (P < .05). The treated group exhibited lower serum lipid levels than the control group posttreatment (P < .05). The TCM syndrome scores improved significantly in both groups after treatment (P < .05), with the treated group demonstrating a more pronounced reduction in scores than the control group (P < .05). The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. JZMA combined with standard treatment effectively reduced CIMT, plaque size, and serum lipid levels, thereby enhancing clinical outcomes in patients with stable angina and carotid atherosclerosis.

Electroacupuncture combined with NSCs-Exo alters the response of hippocampal neurons in a chronic unpredictable mild stress paradigm in ovx rats

Electroacupuncture (EA) is a form of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that combines acupuncture with microcurrents mimicking the body's bioelectricity to prevent and treat diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated its antidepressant-like effects in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced ovariectomy (OVX) rats. Neural stem cell-derived exosomes (NSCs-Exo) are heterogeneous and targeted, effectively promoting nerve regeneration and repairing neuronal damage, while potentially conveying the effects of EA. However, the precise mechanism remains unclear. In this study, perimenopausal depressive disorder (PDD) rat model were established using a two-step protocol CUMS + OVX. Treatment with EA combined with NSCs-Exo (EA-Exo) significantly improved depression-like behaviors in PDD rats, as indicated by increased sucrose intake in the Sucrose Preference Test (SPT), reduced immobility in the Forced Swimming Test (FST), and prolonged activity in the Out-of-Field Test (OFT). EA-Exo treatment improved depression-like behaviors by increasing serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and decreasing immobility in the FST. It also alleviated OVX-CUMS-induced disturbances in energy metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress responses by enhancing serum levels of 5-HT, dopamine (DA), ATP, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), while reducing cyclic AMP (cAMP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, EA-Exo treatment reversed structural and functional impairments in hippocampal synapses and mitochondria. This was evidenced by reductions in hippocampal synaptic plasticity proteins PSD95, SYN, and GAP43, as well as decreased expression of energy metabolism pathway proteins AMPK, NRF1, PGC1α, and TFAM. These findings suggest that EA-Exo ameliorates depressive behavior in OVX-CUMS rats by modulating synaptic plasticity and activating the AMPK/NRF1/PGC1α/TFAM signaling pathway.

Mechanism of jianxin granules in the treatment of heart failure based on proteomics and metabolomics

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) is associated with high mortality and rehospitalization rates, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Jianxin (JX) granules, a Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation, have been patented for the treatment of HF. However, the specific therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of JX granules have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed at investigating the effects and mechanism of JX granules in the treatment of HF based on proteomics and metabolomic profiling.MethodsHF model was established in rats by ligation of left coronary artery. The successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into three groups: the model group, the JX granules group, and Sacubitril/Valsartan (S/V) group. Four weeks after treatment, left ventricular (LV) function was evaluated via echocardiography. LV fibrosis and apoptosis were examined through histological analyses, while mitochondrial morphology was assessed using transmission electron microscopy. Quantitative assessment of oxidative stress was also conducted. Proteomics was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins and potential pathways. Metabolomics was utilized to elucidate the variations in metabolism. Then western blotting and in vitro analyses were performed.ResultsA rat model of HF was established, evidenced by a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), stroke volume (SV), and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), alongside diminished adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, elevated oxidative stress, augmented apoptosis, and disrupted pyruvate metabolism. Treatment with JX granules ameliorated these effects, improving systolic function, reducing ventricular chamber size, and increasing LVEF, SV, and LVFS, as assessed by echocardiography. Additionally, JX granules attenuated cardiac fibrosis and improved mitochondrial structure, as evidenced by less vacuolation and clearer mitochondrial cristae, when compared to the model group. The treatment also regulated apoptosis-related protein expression, partially reversing the increase in cleaved Caspase-9, cleaved Caspase-3, and Bax and the suppression of Bcl-2 observed in the heart failure rats. All of these effects were similar to S/V. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses identified key differential genes, such as triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1), lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), pyruvate kinase M (PKM), protein kinase B (Akt), Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Beta (PDHB) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), as well as vital pathways including carbon metabolism, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, pyruvate metabolism, and HIF-1α signaling pathway. Moreover, JX granules mitigated oxidative stress, inhibited apoptosis, and activated Akt in H9c2 cells exposed to angiotensin II, which could be reversed by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.ConclusionJX granules improve HF in parallel to the efficacy of S/V, at least in part, through enhancing pyruvate metabolism, inhibiting oxidative stress and activating PI3K/Akt pathway.

Bushen Jianpi Tiaoxue Decoction (BJTD) ameliorates oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by uterus ageing through activation of the SIRT1/NRF2 pathway

BackgroundUterus ageing is a crucial factor contributing to decreased fertility in older women and is also implicated in menstrual disorders, endometritis, and adenomyosis. Bushen Jianpi Tiaoxue Decoction (BJTD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation used to ameliorate endocrine disorders in the female reproductive system and finds extensive application in ageing-related endometrial diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying its improvement of uterus ageing have not been thoroughly investigated. PurposeTo explore the potential components and mechanisms of BJTD in ameliorating uterus ageing through network pharmacology, in vivo, and in vitro experiments. MethodsMorphological changes were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, collagen deposition was assessed using Masson staining, and apoptotic-related molecules were detected using Western blot. After determining the modeling doses, BJTD intervention was administered at two doses, and the expression of oxidative stress and apoptosis-related genes and proteins was measured. The levels of cellular apoptosis were evaluated using the TUNEL assay kit and Annexin V/FITC-PI assay kit. The main components of BJTD were determined by UPLC-MS, and the potential targets and mechanisms of BJTD action were explored using network pharmacology and molecular docking. BJTD-Containing Serum (BJTD-S) was extracted and applied in vitro experiments using human endometrial stroma cells (hESC) to preliminarily identify the pathways affected. ResultsWe demonstrated that modeling with 600 mg/kg/day D-Gal for 5 weeks significantly increased collagen deposition in uterine tissues, particularly in the glands and stroma. Additionally, it significantly elevated the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β and increased the expression of p53 and BAX while decreasing BCL-2 expression. BJTD significantly reduced the increased levels of TNF-α and IL-1β induced by D-Gal, and modulated oxidative stress markers such as SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, and T-AOC. BJTD also inhibited the cascade activation of apoptosis induced by D-Gal, suppressing the expression of cleaved-Caspase 8, cleaved-Caspase 3, and BAX. SIRT1 is a potential target of BJTD action. In vitro experiments showed that BJTD-S significantly improved D-Gal-induced apoptosis in hESC cells, and the expression levels of SIRT1, NRF2, and HO-1 were significantly decreased in D-Gal-induced hESC, and BJTD-S significantly increased their expression. ConclusionBJTD can ameliorate oxidative stress and cell apoptosis levels in D-Gal-induced uterine aging, and its active ingredients can activate the SIRT1/NRF2 pathway to exert its effects. Importantly, our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which traditional Chinese medicine influence uterus ageing. By specifically targeting the SIRT1/NRF2 pathway, BJTD presents a unique therapeutic approach that has not been extensively explored in previous studies, marking a significant advancement in the treatment of uterus ageing.

The common component of traditional Chinese medicine formulations has a role in the treatment of hypertension.

Abstract. Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, but the control rate of hypertension is not high, only 16.8%, which a serious public health problem in our country. This article analyzes some commonly used traditional Chinese medicine formulations that effectively treat high blood pressure and lists the ingredients of these common drugs. Find common ingredients that includes: Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Uncaria, and Licorice. The study found that the active ingredients in the three herbs, such as gastrodin, gastrodia elata ethyl acetate extract routine and isoglycyrrhizin, have a significant effect on lowering blood pressure. This research can provide hypertensive patients with a better understanding of the reasons for taking these herbs and offer guidance on medication. It can also help patients recognize the necessity of combined Chinese medicine. However, the study only explore the blood pressure-lowering effects of the active ingredients but does not investigate the specific treatment of different types of hypertension using individual Chinese medicine preparations. In the future will refine the effects of these herbs in various types of hypertension.

Mechanism of traditional drug treatment of cancer-related ascites: through the regulation of IL-6/JAK-STAT3 pathway.

Our clinical observation found that JiJiaoLiHuang Pill (JJLH), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation, can significantly reduce the abdominal circumference of patients with malignant ascites, increase urine output, and improve the quality of life of patients, with preliminary efficacy. But, the exact mechanism is not yet clear. Based on the above observations, the potential mechanism of action of the treatment was preliminarily explored. We identified active ingredients by constructing a "Chinese medicine ingredient-key target-target" network, and verified them by molecular docking using AutoDock tools and PyMOL. Finally, we conducted preliminary verification of the validated pathways and targets using a mouse model of liver cancer ascites. Network pharmacology analysis obtained the top five active ingredients were quercetin, EUPATIN, kaempferol, Obtucarbamate B, and isorhamnetin and the top five key genes were SRC, HSP90AA1, MAPK1, STAT3, and PIK3CA. Molecular docking showed that all 5 active compounds were closely bound to key target genes (binding energy <-6). The animal experiment results showed that JJLH can significantly reduce abdominal circumference, increase urine output, and exhibit dose-dependent inhibition of the AQP-3/JAK-STAT-3 signaling pathway and the expression of related inflammatory factors. The JJLH potentially inhibits the recurrence of liver cancer malignant ascites through the AQP-3/JAK-STAT-3 pathway and affects the prognosis of MA patients.

Investigation of electrochemical fingerprints for Buzhong Yiqi Tang extract granules using diamond-graphene composite electrode

This study presents a novel electrochemical fingerprinting method for Buzhong Yiqi Tang extract granules using a diamond-graphene composite electrode. The electrode was fabricated through chemical vapor deposition of graphene on high-pressure high-temperature synthetic diamond, resulting in a few-layer graphene coating as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy (I₂D/IG ratio ≈ 1.2) and XPS analysis (78 % sp² C-C signal). Cyclic voltammetry revealed four anodic and three cathodic peaks, while differential pulse voltammetry provided enhanced resolution with eight distinct oxidation peaks. The method demonstrated high sensitivity (LODs 0.08–0.15 mg/mL) and good linearity (R² > 0.995) over a concentration range of 0.5–10 mg/mL. Comparison of fingerprints from individual herb extracts (Astragalus membranaceus, Panax ginseng, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis) elucidated the origins of major peaks in the Buzhong Yiqi Tang profile. Principal component analysis of fingerprints successfully differentiated between samples from three manufacturers, accounting for 87.3 % of total variance. Strong correlations (r > 0.92) were observed between key DPV peak intensities and HPLC-determined concentrations of traditional chemical markers. The rapid analysis time, minimal sample preparation, and holistic representation of multiple electroactive components make this approach a promising complement to existing chromatographic methods for quality assessment of traditional Chinese medicine formulations.

Pharmacokinetic profiling and network pharmacology of honey-fried Licorice: An Integrative workflow to study traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs)

Licorice, known as the “elder statesman,” is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations. This study aims to establish a workflow combining animal and in silico experiments to elucidate the mechanisms of TCMs at both qualitative and quantitative levels. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was employed to qualitatively characterize the total components of honey-fried licorice and the plasma components after oral administration in Beagle dogs. A UPLC-Q-Trap-MS/MS method was developed for the pharmacokinetic study of honey-fried licorice components in Beagle dog plasma. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were utilized to explore the primary functional targets and pathways. In total, we identified 68 constituents in honey-fried licorice, with 28 detected in Beagle dog plasma, and 18 of them, mainly belong to flavonoids and terpenoids, showing significant exposure. The plasma pharmacokinetic study of these 18 constituents revealed that compounds like liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, licoricesaponin G2, and glycyrrhetic acid-3-o-glucuronide had significant exposure. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses identified MAPK3, PIK3CB, PIK3CA, RAF1, and EGFR as the main targets of the active constituents of honey-fried licorice, involved in pathways such as the Ras signaling pathway, human cytomegalovirus infection, and the MAPK signaling pathway. This study provides a comprehensive profile and pharmacokinetic characteristics of honey-fried licorice, offering insights into its pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical aspects. The established workflow can serve as a standard for investigating other TCMs.

The mechanism of wen jing tang in the treatment of endometriosis: Insights from network pharmacology and experimental validation

BackgroundEndometriosis (EM) is a hormone-dependent condition marked by progressively severe secondary dysmenorrhea, significantly impacting patients' quality of life and overall health. Wen Jing Tang (WJT), a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation derived from the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, has proven to be an effective therapeutic agent for EM. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain unclear. ObjectiveThis study aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of WJT in the treatment of EM by integrating network pharmacology analysis with experimental validation. MethodsThe chemical constituents and target sites of WJT were obtained from the TCMSP database, while EM-related target genes were sourced from OMIM, TTD, GeneCards, and the DrugBank databases. A "herbs-components-targets" network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1. The intersecting target genes of WJT and EM were then uploaded to the STRING database for protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Subsequently, the common target genes were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis via the DAVID database. Molecular docking were employed to analyze the binding affinities between the top five core components and their respective targets. Additionally, ELISA were used to quantify the serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, E2, and P in EM model rats. The expression levels of TNF-α, HIF1A, STAT3, and EGFR mRNA and proteins in ectopic endometrial tissue were assessed using q-PCR and Western blotting. ResultsA total of 250 chemical components and 553 targets were identified in WJT, while 3491 EM-related targets were screened from multiple databases. Among these, 187 common targets between WJT and EM were found, with quercetin, kaempferol, and beta-sitosterol emerging as the core chemical components, and AKT1, IL6, TNF, and IL1B identified as the key targets. These core components demonstrated strong binding affinities to the targets. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the shared targets were primarily involved in the HIF1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, compared to the control group, the EM model rats exhibited an increased ectopic endometrial area, disordered glandular and stromal cells, and notable inflammatory infiltration. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, E2, and P were significantly elevated (P < 0.01), and the expression of TNF-α, HIF1A, STAT3, and EGFR in the ectopic endometrium was markedly increased (P < 0.01). Following WJT intervention, the ectopic endometrial area in model rats was reduced, the morphology and structure of the endometrial cells showed improvement, and serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, E2, and P were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). WJT also inhibited the expression of HIF1 pathway-related proteins TNF-α, HIF1A, STAT3, and EGFR (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe mechanism by which WJT prevents and treats EM may involve the reduction of inflammation through the inhibition of the HIF1 signaling pathway.

Shengqiyichang decoction regulates antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer by downregulating lymphocyte antigen 6 family member G6D via the protein kinase B/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway

The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation Shengqiyichang Decoction (SQYCD) has been reported to stimulate host immunity, and it has been administered for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we applied network and bioinformatics analyses to elucidate the mechanisms by which SQYCD ameliorates CRC and validated its modes of action via in vivo and in vitro experiments. We identified 46 active compounds in SQYCD and selected 237 proteins as potential therapeutic targets in CRC, most notably p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38⍺). Bioinformatics analyses demonstrated differential expression in CRC tissues and prognostic value of the genes encoding TNFα, MAPK14, CASP-3, MAPK1, AKT1, PRKACA, VEGF, IL-6, EGFR and ESR1. We then plotted receiver operating curves (ROC) and time-ROC for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) ESR1 and AKT1 to predict the progress of CRC. We speculated that the AKT/p38α-MAPK signaling pathway is associated with the clinical prognosis of CRC. In a mouse model, we found that SQYCD inhibits CRC tumor growth by increasing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell abundance and decreasing the ratio of T-regulatory cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment. In cultured mouse CRC cells, SQYCD selectively upregulated levels of the CRC-associated protein lymphocyte antigen 6 family member G6D, while the AKT activator SC-79 reversed this effect. The discoveries made herein suggest that SQYCD exerts a therapeutic effect in CRC by inhibiting Treg recruitment via inhibition of the AKT/p38α/LY6G6D signaling axis.

Exploring synergistic effects of Achyranthes bidentata Blume and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. on hypertension with liver yang hyperactivity using the multidisciplinary integrative strategy

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulations serve as a multi-component pharmacological combination therapy with various potential targets and have collected extensive knowledge regarding the in vivo efficacy of treating cardiovascular disorders in clinical practice for thousands of years. However, the obscurity of the chemicals and the molecular mechanisms are impediments to their continued growth and globalization. Therefore, new modern medications based on the combination of beneficial TCM components with precise clinical efficacy are required. The goal of this study was to find the best combination of Achyranthes bidentata Blume (AB) and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (PL) for hypertension with liver yang hyperactivity (HLYH). The integrated research consisting of principal component analysis (PCA), metabolomics, microbiology, and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were used to find the optimal combination of AB-PL combinations and reveal the mechanism of action. The result showed AB-PL (2:3) had a substantial protective impact on HLYH, as shown by lower blood pressure, improved liver yang hyperactivity, reduced cardiac remodeling and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased NO content. Furthermore, the essential elements for AB-PL reducing hypertension may be related to 135 metabolites and 23 microorganisms. In conclusion, our findings support the efficacy of herbal remedies in the treatment of hypertension and provide some pharmacological evidence for the ongoing development of novel modern Chinese drugs for cardiovascular disorders.

Shenmai injection improves lipid metabolism in post-myocardial infarction heart failure based on network pharmacology and experimental validation

BackgroundShenmai injection (SMI), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation derived from the herbal decoction Shenmai Yin, is widely used in treating cardiovascular disorders. This study extensively investigated the effects and mechanisms of action of SMI on lipid metabolism in post-myocardial infarction heart failure (pMIHF). MethodsNetwork pharmacology was employed to predict the key targets and associated pathways involved in lipid metabolism for potential SMI treatments in post-myocardial infarction heart failure (pMIHF). Subsequently, a pMIHF mouse model and an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cell model were established to delve deeper into and validate the underlying mechanism of action. ResultsWe performed network pharmacology analysis, which identified 48 active components in SMI and 201 common gene targets. Subsequent screening using the protein–protein interaction network identified 26 core targets, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses, we predicted that SMI might act on lipid metabolism in pMIHF through the PPARα pathway, a hypothesis supported by the strong binding affinity between this receptor and the active components of SMI, as confirmed via molecular docking. In a left anterior descending artery-ligation mouse model, SMI significantly improved cardiac function, reduced serum free fatty acid levels, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and myocardial fibrosis, and maintained myocardial mitochondrial morphology. In ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) cells, SMI reduced cell apoptosis, improved mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, while increasing protein levels of PPARα, SIRT1, and PPARα co-activator-1 alpha (PGC1α). ConclusionCollectively, our findings suggest that SMI enhances myocardial lipid metabolism and ameliorates pMIHF by upregulating the PPARα/SIRT1/PGC1α pathway.

Panax notoginseng saponins and acetylsalicylic acid co-delivered liposomes for targeted treatment of ischemic stroke

In this study, we aimed to develop brain-targeted co-delivery liposomes for the concurrent delivery of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Within this system, PNS served as a cholesterol substitute, integrating into the phospholipid bilayer of the liposomes, while ASA was encapsulated internally. A poly-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (PMPC) polymer was synthesized and incorporated into the liposome surface. This formulation demonstrated an enhanced PNS-loading capacity and facilitated the synchronized delivery of key saponin components. Following PMPC modification, the liposomes exhibited prolonged circulation and improved transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) through acetylcholine receptor-mediated pathways. Furthermore, the co-delivery system exhibited enhanced therapeutic efficacy in a rat model of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase C pathway. Additional analyses revealed significant effects on the metabolism of neurotransmitters, amino acids, folate, and various other pathways, indicating a multi-faceted therapeutic effect. Overall, this study presents an innovative research strategy for the comprehensive delivery of diverse components in traditional Chinese medicine formulations, highlighting the potential for synergistic treatments that combine traditional Chinese medicine with chemical agents.

A systematic review on anticancer potential of traditional Chinese medicine (Yang Zheng XiaoJi)

BackgroundThe term "cancer" refers to illnesses in which cells can proliferate uncontrollably, infiltrate, and spread to various body organs. Since it has been used for thousands of years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is now commonly regarded as an alternative for treating cancer. It has been demonstrated that Yangzheng Xiaoji (YX), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, has anticancer effects in patients with different tumor types. MethodSearches were conducted in several electronic databases from the year 2003 to 2024, including Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct, to find evidence about YX. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of YX's anticancer research findings. ResultA result of the limited understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of action of the herbs, modern medicine frequently conflicts with traditional medicine, such as Chinese herbal medicine. Our research demonstrates the broad spectrum of anticancer potential of the YX formulation. Additionally, the particular YX component was also searched for anticancer potential. DiscussionWe have chosen to emphasize only some aspects of each YX ingredient's function in cancer therapy because it has been suggested that several processes are involved when applying TCM therapies. Furthermore, the effect of YX therapy on various malignancies is also covered. Additionally, we have emphasized YX treatment research that alters the tumor microenvironment and eradicates cancer. ConclusionThe data gathered in this review will act as a strong basis for creating YX for cancer therapy.

Characterization and In vitro Release & In vivo Behavior Study of Self-Assembled Nano-Emulsion in XiaoYao Pill for Enhanced Drug Delivery.

Traditional Chinese medicine formulations often contain hydrophobic components with limited solubility and stability, leading to low oral bioavailability. Self-assembled nanoparticles (SANs) have shown promise in enhancing oral bioavailability of these components. However, whether un-decocted Chinese herbal pellets can generate SANs and the impact of SANs formed by multiple components on pharmacokinetic parameters remains unexplored. In this study, single-factor approach was employed to determine the optimal separation method of nano-emulsion phase of XiaoYao pill (N-XY). Morphological and particle size analyses confirmed the nanoscale nature of N-XY. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint analysis was conducted to compare the distribution of active ingredients among three different phases of XiaoYao pill (XY pill). In vitro release studies were performed to evaluate the release mechanism of four ingredients from N-XY. Additionally, in vivo pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution behaviors were investigated in rats. N-XY exhibited uniform and stable characteristics as a water-in-oil (O/W) nano-emulsion. Fingerprint analysis identified 25 characteristic peaks and 8 key ingredients in N-XY, with the highest peak areas. In vitro release studies showed a sustained release behavior of N-XY. The pharmacokinetics study showed that the ferulic acid of N-XY had a 1.37-fold higher AUC, 1.44-fold lower Vd/F, 1.39-fold lower CL/F, and a prolonged t1/2 than A-XY, indicating enhanced bioavailability due to reduced elimination. Furthermore, the tissue distribution revealed that the levels of paeoniflorin and ferulic acid from N-XY significantly increased in liver, spleen, lungs, uterus and ovaries, exhibiting targeting characteristics. This study comprehensively explored the formation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics of nano-emulsion in XY pill, introducing novel perspectives and initiating preliminary research on potential SANs in un-decocted traditional Chinese medicine formulations. It also emphasized the importance of enhancing pharmacokinetics of hydrophobic components in Chinese herbal formulations and laid the foundation for future nano-formulation research for XY pill.

Retrospective cohort study on the postoperative survival rate enhancement of patients with colorectal cancer using three traditional Chinese medicine formulations: evidence from 1,361 cases

Background: Prior studies have affirmed the safety and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine in treating colorectal cancer patients. However, definitive evidence regarding whether traditional Chinese medicine can significantly enhance the survival of colorectal cancer patients remains elusive. This study seeks to provide conclusive insights by examining the postoperative administration of Xihuang capsules, Pingxiao capsules, and Zilongjin tablets and its impact on the 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates among colorectal cancer patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, involving 1,361 patients selected from the medical center. This retrospective study was carried out at a medical center in Tianjin, China. We assessed differences in postoperative OS and DFS between the control group and the medication group using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Additionally, propensity score matching was used to mitigate imbalances in baseline characteristics among patients. Results: Before propensity score matching, Xihuang capsules could prolong the 5-year OS (79.9% vs. 81.4%, P = 0.0480) and 5-year DFS (74.9% vs. 79.5%, P = 0.0046) of patients after surgery. Similar conclusions were obtained after propensity score matching: OS (74.8% vs. 78.3%, P = 0.0084), DFS (72.7% vs. 78.9%, P = 0.008). Patients taking Pingxiao capsules showed improved 5-year OS (77.2% vs. 84.0%, P = 0.0383) and 5-year DFS (69.9% vs. 80.0%, P = 0.0157) after propensity score matching. Patients taking Zilongjin tablets showed improvement in the 2-year OS (84.2% vs. 93.1%, P = 0.0390) and 1-year DFS (88.2% vs. 92.0%, P = 0.0320) after propensity score matching. Conclusion: Xihuang capsules and Pingxiao capsules significantly improved the 5-year OS and DFS of patients with colorectal cancer after surgery. Zilongjin tablets showed improvement in the 2-year OS and 1-year DFS after surgery for patients.

The Dual Role of NRF2 in Colorectal Cancer: Targeting NRF2 as a Potential Therapeutic Approach.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), as the third most common bisexual cancer worldwide, requires urgent research on its underlying mechanisms and intervention methods. NRF2 is an important transcription factor involved in the regulation of redox homeostasis, protein degradation, DNA repair, and other cancer processes, playing an important role in cancer. In recent years, the complex role of NRF2 in CRC has been continuously revealed: on the one hand, it exhibits a chemopreventive effect on cancer by protecting normal cells from oxidative stress, and on the other hand, it also exhibits a protective effect on malignant cells. Therefore, this article explores the dual role of NRF2 and its related signaling pathways in CRC, including their chemical protective properties and promoting effects in the occurrence, development, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance of CRC. In addition, this article focuses on exploring the regulation of NRF2 in CRC ferroptosis, as well as NRF2 drug modulators (activators and inhibitors) targeting CRC, including natural products, compounds, and traditional Chinese medicine formulations.

Gut microecology: effective targets for natural products to modulate uric acid metabolism.

Gut microecology,the complex community consisting of microorganisms and their microenvironments in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a vital role in maintaining overall health and regulating various physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have highlighted the significant impact of gut microecology on the regulation of uric acid metabolism. Natural products, including monomers, extracts, and traditional Chinese medicine formulations derived from natural sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, have also been investigated for their potential role in modulating uric acid metabolism. According to research, The stability of gut microecology is a crucial link for natural products to maintain healthy uric acid metabolism and reduce hyperuricemia-related diseases. Herein, we review the recent advanced evidence revealing the bidirectional regulation between gut microecology and uric acid metabolism. And separately summarize the key evidence of natural extracts and herbal formulations in regulating both aspects. In addition,we elucidated the important mechanisms of natural products in regulating uric acid metabolism and secondary diseases through gut microecology, especially by modulating the composition of gut microbiota, gut mucosal barrier, inflammatory response, purine catalyzation, and associated transporters. This review may offer a novel insight into uric acid and its associated disorders management and highlight a perspective for exploring its potential therapeutic drugs from natural products.

Exploiting the nanotechnological approaches for traditional Chinese medicine in childhood rhinitis: A review of future perspectives

AbstractChildhood rhinitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the nasal mucosa of children worldwide. The physical, social, and cognitive performance of children is affected by the chronic symptoms of childhood rhinitis. Effective treatment is essential to avoid long-term effects on children’s lifestyles and well-being. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat and prevent several illnesses, and it plays a crucial role in healthcare and rehabilitation. TCM has traditionally been used to holistically treat rhinitis. However, the drawbacks of TCMs, such as their poor water solubility, low bioavailability, single-use, and poor targeting ability, severely restrict their use. In recent years, nanotechnology has been used for various drugs to improve their therapeutic effectiveness and reduce their associated adverse effects. Nanomaterials for TCM formulations are synthesized to be compatible with herbal extracts and sustain active component therapeutic qualities. Nanocarrier-based drug delivery improves bioavailability, circulation time, and targeted distribution, resolving TCM administration issues. This review assesses the innovative combination of TCM and nanotechnology developments for the treatment of childhood rhinitis, providing insights into novel therapeutic approaches. This review also provides significant insights into the potential of this multidisciplinary approach to transform treatment techniques in childhood rhinitis and offers a road map for future research initiatives in this promising sector.

Traditional Chinese medicine formulation ChangQing compound has significant therapeutic effects on chickens infected with Eimeria tenella

Coccidiosis poses a significant challenge to the poultry industry. However, the excessive and improper use of anticoccidial drugs and vaccines has led to resistance and food safety concerns. Consequently, traditional Chinese herbs have garnered attention as a potentially safer and more effective alternative. ChangQing compound derived from various Chinese herbal medicines is a promising anticoccidiosis agent, but its therapeutic effects have not been comprehensively evaluated. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of ChangQing Compound against Eimeria tenella-induced coccidiosis in chickens on the basis of physiological indicators, cecum lesions, and changes in microbial diversity. The comparison with the positive control group revealed the average weight gain (AWG) and anticoccidial index (ACI) of the chicks were significantly higher, in contrast, the feed conversion ratio (FCR), cecal lesion score (CLS), and oocyst count per gram of cecal content (OPG) were significantly lower (P<0.05). Notably, AWG (138.87 g), OPG (0.57 × 106), ACI (177.92), and FCR (2.51) reflected the significant therapeutic effect of the 2.5 g/L ChangQing compound treatment (CQM). Histological sections showed that the cecal villus damage and intestinal wall swelling were minimal in the CQM, consistent with the CLS (0.73). Additionally, the 2.5 g/L ChangQing compound treatment effectively prevented the decrease of red blood cells, platelets, and hemoglobin, while promoting the release of anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-10 and interleukin-4, and inhibiting the pro-inflammatory factors interferon-γ and interleukin-17. The microbial community structure in the CQM was most similar to that of the negative control group. In summary, ChangQing compound had multiple positive effects (e.g., promoting weight gain, alleviating anemia, suppressing coccidial proliferation, reducing intestinal damage, modulating immunity, and maintaining intestinal microbiota homeostasis). The study results may be relevant to developing a novel strategy for the clinical management of coccidiosis.