Traditional Chinese Martial Arts Research Articles

The influence of different intensity of Tan Tui exercises on the posture control of students in the Tai Chi Elective Course: protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundTai Chi (TC) holds a unique and valued place in promoting the physical and mental health of college students. Its significance is underscored by its incorporation as a compulsory physical education course in every university in China. TC, with its rich tradition, places a strong emphasis on posture control as a core sports ability. However, the students in Tai Chi Elective Course (TCEC) have very poor posture control ability. This study protocol investigates the potential of Tan Tui (TT) to address these issues, as TT is a fundamental skill for beginners of traditional Chinese martial arts and has a track record of enhancing lower limb strength and balance, making it a promising choice for improving posture control in TCEC.Methods/designTo investigate the impact of different intensities of TT exercises on posture control in TCEC students, we have designed a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial. Seventy-six students in the TCEC will be randomly divided into low-intensity Tan Tui (LTT), medium-intensity Tan Tui (MTT), and high-intensity Tan Tui exercises group (HTT) and control group (CON), each with 19 people. The LTT group, MTT group, and HTT group will be given different intensity of TT exercises, and the CON group will be given regular TCEC. The intervention period will be 6 weeks (2 times a week, 20 min each time). At baseline (before), 4 weeks of intervention (middle), and 6 weeks of intervention (after), the Unipedal Stance Test (UST), the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), 60°/s angular velocity knee joint flexion and extension relative peak torque (RPT), and knee joint position perception (KJPP) will be evaluated.DiscussionThis is the first randomized controlled trial protocol from the perspective of training intensity to evaluate the effect of different intensity of TT exercises on posture control of students in TCEC. Should our research reveal a significant intervention effect, the results will offer preliminary, higher-quality evidence supporting the positive impact of varying intensities of Tan Tui exercises on posture control in TCEC students.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000039109. Registered on October 17, 2020.

Study on Joint Injury of Taijiquan Movement Based on Computer Image Analysis

As a traditional Chinese martial art, Taijiquan has a remarkable effect on the rehabilitation of joint injury with its unique movement. In this paper, the influence of Taijiquan on joint injury is analyzed by using the local depth feature representation method of image sampling. Then, the local feature coding algorithm is introduced, and the problems existing in the rehabilitation of joint injury are analyzed. An analysis algorithm of the influence of Taijiquan on joint injury based on CV model was proposed, and the effectiveness of the algorithm was verified. The results show that the proposed algorithm improves the MS-COCO dataset by 0.2%, 0.88%, 1.86% and 3.18%, respectively, compared with Hash Net. On the 15Scene dataset, CNN-VLAD’s classification results were 4.1% higher than those of the TNNCV model. On the Caltech 256 data set, the classification accuracy of SMVLADC algorithm is 7.7% higher than CNN-VLAD algorithm. This shows that the proposed algorithm is effective, and the local depth features extracted by CNN are more effective than the traditional artificial features. At the same time, the superiority of CV model based on improved significant regional features is further verified. This study provides a new theoretical basis and practical method for the rehabilitation treatment of joint injury by Taijiquan.

Clinical Research on Tai Chi: A Review of Health Benefits

Tai Chi, a traditional Chinese martial art and health exercise, has gained significant global attention and recognition. The clinical benefits of Tai Chi have been studied extensively in recent decades. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE databases, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, identifying and reviewing 241 clinical trials on the benefits of Tai Chi from their inception to June 1, 2023. Most of these studies have consistently demonstrated the positive impact of Tai Chi on balance, cognitive function, mood regulation, sleep quality, pain relief, cardiorespiratory function, and overall health. In the future, the key to fostering the ongoing development of this field lies in comprehensive research on standardized study designs and reporting, the scope of Tai Chi applications, and the core factors influencing its efficacy. http://links.lww.com/AHM/A94

Safeguarding Authenticity versus Innovative Development: Methods of Protecting Traditional Chinese Martial Arts

Safeguarding Authenticity versus Innovative Development: Methods of Protecting Traditional Chinese Martial Arts

Effects of a structured Tai Chi program on improving physical activity levels, exercise self-efficacy and health outcomes among pregnant women: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

IntroductionTai Chi is a traditional Chinese martial art developed over 300 years ago. Although studies report that Tai Chi benefits practitioners’ cardiovascular health, respiratory system and psychological outcomes, only limited...

Research on the Explosive Training Skills of Wushu Sanda Athletes

Research on the explosive training skills of Wushu Sanda athletes is conducted in this paper. Wushu Sanda is the product of the modern transformation of traditional Chinese martial arts. It was developed because it is completely based on the actual combat ability of martial arts. Explosive strength training is through the professional sports training, allowing athletes to coordinate with each other, so that athletes can release greater and stronger strength in the shortest time during exercise. This paper studies the combination of the models, and the proper integration is discussed.

Ditangquan exercises based on safe-landing strategies prevent falls and injury among older individuals with sarcopenia.

BackgroundSarcopenia is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function; it is a risk factor for falls among older individuals. Few studies have focused on training such individuals to adopt a safe-landing strategy that would protect them from fall-related injuries. Ditangquan is a traditional Chinese martial art comprising movements that conform to the principles of safe landing. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Ditangquan in preventing fall-related injuries among older individuals with sarcopenia.MethodsA total of 70 participants (21 males and 49 females with sarcopenia) between 60 and 80 years of age were recruited from three local communities and randomly assigned to the Ditangquan exercise group (DG) or the control group (CG) in a 1:1 ratio. Three times a week for 24 weeks, both the DG and CG received an hour of conventional exercise and an hour of Ditangquan exercise based on safe landing. Primary outcomes were the modified falls efficacy scale (MFES), the number of falls, and fall injuries; the secondary outcome was the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test.ResultsThe DG had significantly fewer falls (1 vs. 8, P = 0.028) and fall injuries (0 vs. 6, P = 0.025) than the CG. Furthermore, at the end of the study, the DG had a significantly improved MFES (mean difference: 32.17 scores; 95% CI: 21.32, 43.02; P <0.001) and TUGT (mean difference: −4.94 s; 95% CI: −7.95, −1.93; P = 0.002) as compared with the CG.ConclusionDitangquan exercise based on the safe-landing strategy effectively improves the functional mobility of the elderly, reduces the occurrence of falls and injuries, and increases the individual's confidence in preventing falls.

Promoting the Chinese martial arts internationally: Is it ‘Kung Fu’ or ‘Wushu’?

The term ‘Kung Fu’ is used internationally more often than its official name ‘Wushu’ to depict the Chinese martial arts. Yet the latter term has been promoted by the Chinese government for nearly 50 years and also used by the International Wushu Federation (IWUF) during the past three decades. This paper examines the distinction in the meaning between both terms through Stuart Hall's Representation Theory, based on 20 in-depth interviews with international expert witnesses. Findings suggest that the term ‘Kung Fu’ is mostly associated with traditional Chinese martial arts, Kung Fu cinema, Oriental imagination, and fighting practicability. For expert witnesses, Kung Fu represents an identity of traditional Chinese martial arts and a way to experience ‘Chineseness’. By contrast, although the IWUF has made efforts to package Wushu as the term representing Chinese martial arts, ‘Wushu’ is regarded as a competitive sport, shaped significantly by IWUF's Olympic ambition. Also, three key aspects regarding the representation of the Chinese martial arts in relation to both terms are discussed.

The Effect of Wing Chun Day Punch Boxing Based on Embedded Microprocessor

With the popularity of Wing Chun film and television themes in recent years, Wing Chun has gradually received more and more attention, but the impact of Japanese punching boxing is rarely involved. The purpose of this article is to study the impact of Wing Chun Day Punch Boxing based on embedded microprocessor, to understand the actual effect of Wing Chun Day Punch Boxing through the analysis of the beat effect, and to provide reference and help for the research of traditional Chinese martial arts. In this paper, experimental methods and mathematical statistics combined with embedded microprocessors are used to research and analyze the punching effect of Wing Chun word punching. And it calculates the speed, angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration, muscle discharge sequence, and other data of various parts of the body during the process of Wing Chun force release to reveal the hitting effect of Wing Chun day word punching. Five Wing Chun practitioners with different training times are selected for Wing Chun day punch training, using engineering dummies for experiments, relying on acceleration sensors, position sensors, and force sensors. Starting from the direction of dynamics and kinematics, it collects the effective data of the Japanese word punch, then analyzes the experimental results through the embedded microprocessor, and obtains the hitting effect of the Wing Chun Japanese word punch. Experiments show that, through the analysis of the force angle and characteristics of the Japanese punch, the subjects’ elbow joint angle changes significantly when doing the Japanese punch. In the experiment on the force measurement engineering dummy, when the subjects punched, the measurement results of the vibration acceleration of the internal organs of different subjects were p &gt; 0.01 , and there was no significant difference. However, in the case of elbow joint 150° preparation, the midline punch is significantly larger than the punch directly in front of the shoulder, and the difference is statistically significant (significant level p &lt; 0.01 ).

Contemporary Chinese martial arts and the manipulation of cultural positioning

ABSTRACT Traditional Chinese martial arts have a long history. In terms of cultural positioning, traditional martial arts have two main functions, namely, to promote patriotism and to provide opportunities for commercial exploitation. These are primarily reflected in the combat style and the expressive nature of traditional martial arts. In addition, martial arts can be useful in the governance of contemporary Chinese society, as they have the potential to boost morale and patriotic sentiment among the public. However, there is evidence that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) manages traditional martial arts in a closed and independent way which obstructs the internationalization and scientific development of traditional martial arts.

Can Tai Chi Improve Cognitive Function? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Tai Chi (TC) is a traditional Chinese martial art with demonstrated beneficial effects on physical and mental health. In this study, the authors performed a systematic review to assess the efficiency of TC in different populations' cognitive function improvement. Design: The present systematic review utilized the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (1915-), Wanfang (1998-), VIP (1989-), Chinese Biomedicine databases (1978-), PubMed (1950-), Web of Science (1900-), Cochrane Library (1948-), Embase (1974-), EBSCOhost (1922-), and OVID (1996-) databases to search and identify relevant articles published in English and Chinese from the beginning of coverage through October 17, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from the beginning of coverage through October 17, 2020 in English and Chinese were retrieved from many indexing databases. Selected studies were graded according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention 5.1.0. The outcome measures of cognitive function due to traditional TC intervention were obtained. Meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.4 software. We follow the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results: Thirty-three RCTs, with a total of 1808 participants, were included. The study showed that TC could progress global cognition when assessed in middle-aged as well as elderly patients suffering from cognitive and executive function impairment. The findings are as follows: Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale: mean difference (MD) = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.88-4.58, p < 0.00001, Mini-Mental State Exam: MD = 3.69, 95% CI = 0.31-7.08, p = 0.03, Trail Making Test-Part B: MD = -13.69, 95% CI = -21.64 to -5.74, p = 0.0007. The memory function of older adults assessed by the Wechsler Memory Scale was as follows: MD = 23.32, 95% CI = 17.93-28.71, p < 0.00001. The executive function of college students evaluated by E-prime software through the Flanker test was as follows: MD = -16.32, 95% CI = -22.71 to -9.94, p < 0.00001. Conclusion: The TC might have a positive effect on the improvement of cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly people with cognitive impairment as well as older adults and college students.

The Exploratory Study of Feasibility of Chinese Tea Culture Entering the Curriculum of Chinese Primary and Secondary Schools

Coffee culture is becoming increasingly popular among the younger generation in China today, on the contrary, teenagers and young adults seem to have forgotten the traditional Chinese tea culture. This article tries to figure out how to make traditional Chinese tea culture enter the curriculum of Chinese primary and secondary schools by analyzing the ways in which the other two traditional Chinese culture, Peking opera and Chinese martial arts, which have already entered the primary and secondary schools, and by combining with the reference to the related curriculum setting of China National Tea Museum and Wuhan University. The methods employed in this exploratory study are mainly literature study and case study. And there are four aspects of tea culture entering the curriculum mentioned: selection of subject, the training of teachers, content of lessons and policy support.

CSI-HC: A WiFi-Based Indoor Complex Human Motion Recognition Method

WiFi indoor personnel behavior recognition has become the core technology of wireless network perception. However, the existing human behavior recognition methods have great challenges in terms of detection accuracy, intrusion, and complexity of operations. In this paper, we firstly analyze and summarize the existing human motion recognition schemes, and due to the existence of the problems in them, we propose a noninvasive, highly robust complex human motion recognition scheme based on Channel State Information (CSI), that is, CSI-HC, and the traditional Chinese martial art XingYiQuan is verified as a complex motion background. CSI-HC is divided into two phases: offline and online. In the offline phase, the human motion data are collected on the commercial Atheros NIC and a powerful denoising method is constructed by using the Butterworth low-pass filter and wavelet function to filter the outliers in the motion data. Then, through Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) training and classification, we establish offline fingerprint information. In the online phase, SoftMax regression is used to correct the RBM classification to process the motion data collected in real time and the processed real-time data are matched with the offline fingerprint information. On this basis, the recognition of a complex human motion is realized. Finally, through repeated experiments in three classical indoor scenes, the parameter setting and user diversity affecting the accuracy of motion recognition are analyzed and the robustness of CSI-HC is detected. In addition, the performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the existing motion recognition methods. The experimental results show that the average motion recognition rate of CSI-HC in three classic indoor scenes reaches 85.4%, in terms of motion complexity and indoor recognition accuracy. Compared with other algorithms, it has higher stability and robustness.

What and How Can Physical Activity Prevention Function on Parkinson's Disease?

Aim This study was aimed at investigating the effects and molecular mechanisms of physical activity intervention on Parkinson's disease (PD) and providing theoretical guidance for the prevention and treatment of PD. Methods Four electronic databases up to December 2019 were searched (PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, and Wiley database), 176 articles were selected. Literature data were analyzed by the logic analysis method. Results (1) Risk factors of PD include dairy products, pesticides, traumatic brain injury, and obesity. Protective factors include alcohol, tobacco, coffee, black tea, and physical activity. (2) Physical activity can reduce the risk and improve symptoms of PD and the beneficial forms of physical activity, including running, dancing, traditional Chinese martial arts, yoga, and weight training. (3) Different forms of physical activity alleviate the symptoms of PD through different mechanisms, including reducing the accumulation of α-syn protein, inflammation, and oxidative stress, while enhancing BDNF activity, nerve regeneration, and mitochondrial function. Conclusion Physical activity has a positive impact on the prevention and treatment of PD. Illustrating the molecular mechanism of physical activity-induced protective effect on PD is an urgent need for improving the efficacy of PD therapy regimens in the future.

Translating Jin Yong: Balancing between Martial Arts Fiction’s Uniqueness and Readers’ Acceptance, Using Shediao Yingxiong Zhuan as an Example

&lt;p&gt;金庸作品含有大量不存在於西方概念的文化詞──中華文化、歷史、武術、儒釋道思想交織其中。經分析《射鵰英雄傳（一）》中的人名、外號和功夫招式的英譯後，發現譯者選用策略並無明顯模式，策略不一致尤其造成姓名順序混亂。唯一明確的兩個規律是：一、譯者傾向使用貼近原著的翻譯策略，包括音譯、直譯及語義翻譯，大量保留原文文化特色及語言形式。二、對於歷史人物或含有典故的人名多採用音譯，少數人名添加直譯於其後。另外，本研究發現一項值得關注的新策略：「特色刻畫」，主要用來翻譯人名，複製金庸塑造的人物形象，屬於以讀者為中心的策略。本研究歸納出特色刻畫的類型，能作為往後研究或翻譯的基礎，協助譯者加以應用於文化詞翻譯。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The expressions in Jin Yong&amp;rsquo;s works feature culture-loaded terms and concepts mostly absent in Western culture: traditional Chinese culture, historical circumstances, martial arts, and Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. After analyzing names of characters, nicknames, and names of fighting moves in A Hero Born: Legends of the Condor Heroes I, the present study found few patterns of translation strategy. The strategy inconsistency especially made the translated name order varied. Only two patterns were certain: 1) The translator tended to use author-oriented methods, including transliteration, literal translation, and semantic translation, largely preserving the culture and language form of the source text. 2) Names of historical figures or with allusion were transliterated, a few of which were followed by literal translation. A noteworthy new strategy characterization identified by this study was mainly adopted in translating names of characters. This reader-oriented method attempted to replicate the characters&amp;rsquo; images portrayed by Jin Yong. The present study has deduced types of characterization to which future research or translation may refer to in applying translation strategies for culture-loaded terms. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

Visualising and revitalising traditional Chinese martial arts

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the emergent 3D interactive media technologies are used as a viable tool for enhancing visitors’ overall experiences at an exhibition entitled, 300 Years of Hakka Kungfu – Digital Vision of Its Legacy and Future (Hakka Kungfu Exhibition) – presented and co-organized by the Intangible Cultural Heritage Office of Hong Kong, International Guoshu Association and the School of Creative Media, City University of Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey in both online and paper-based formats was used for identifying visitors’ experiences in the interactions with the multimedia technologies. For this research study, a questionnaire, consisting of 26 items, was set out to measure the visitors’ experiences at the Exhibition. Since the Exhibition was about presenting a centuries-old Chinese cultural heritage, Hakka Kungfu via the use multimedia technologies, in the context of establishing a dialogue between the past and present, the researchers included questionnaire items that were devoted to enquire about the level of understanding, knowledge and enjoyment, and visitors’ new knowledge about Hong Kong history and culture was successfully disseminated to the respondents at the end of the questionnaire. Findings A total of 209 completed questionnaires were collected at this Hakka Kungfu Exhibition. The findings reveal that the exhibits did attract people at all ages. This Exhibition gave the visitors a sense of interest and wonder in the object and information presented in the Exhibition. Findings of this study also reveal that this Exhibition has successfully attracted a large number of female visitors, as well as visitors who have never taken any martial arts training. In addition, visitors’ Exhibition experience was found to be memorable, as well as enjoyable. Furthermore, visitors’ experience within the Exhibition suggested that it was entertaining, as well as educational. By creating a long-lasting impact on the minds of these Exhibition visitors about the connections between and relevance of traditional Chinese Kungfu, their collective cultural identity, as well as the contemporary society we live in. The Exhibition exemplified the successful integration of the presentation of Kungfu as a form of cultural heritage with engagement-creating technology, in which technology is unobtrusive but effective. Originality/value Although it is already a global trend for the museums to integrate multimedia technologies into their exhibitions, research on the situation and feedback of multimedia technology used in the museum exhibitions in Hong Kong is scarce as well as scattered. Findings of this study could help identify various factors involved in audience participation, thereby exploring the possibility of building a contact point/space for traditional Chinese Kungfu as an intangible cultural heritage, via the integration of the latest media technologies. In particular, the development of multimedia technologies has become increasingly important to museums, and museum professionals have been exploring how digital and communication technologies can be developed to offer visitors a more interactive, personalized museum experience. In general, despite the growing interest in deploying digital technology as interpretation devices in museums and galleries, there are relatively few studies that examine how visitors, both alone and with others, use new technologies when exploring the museum contents.

A Brief Analysis of the Strategies for Popularizing Kickboxing Events in China—A Case Study of EM-Legend

Based on kicking and punching, kickboxing is practiced for self-defense, general fitness, or as contact sport. With low public attention, most kickboxing events in China are now paid by sponsors. By means of literature review and logical analysis, this paper focuses on EM-Legend to examine the status quo of kickboxing events in China; then it tries to explore the social factors which affect the popularization of kickboxing events, and provides some strategies for popularizing this event. The strategies are as follows: de-administration of kickboxing events; cultivation of top brands and star fighters; combination of kickboxing with traditional Chinese martial arts.

Rendering ECR in Subtitles: A Case Study of the Traditional Chinese Martial Arts Films

The traditional Chinese martial arts film is a special type of mass media which reflects the Chinese culture, and it comes into vogue due to the popularity of martial arts fiction. For foreign audiences, watching the traditional Chinese martial arts film, they rely heavily on subtitles to understand the plot and the specific Chinese culture. However, it is not easy to produce readable subtitles. Jan Pedersen, defines the specific cultural terms as &amp;ldquo;Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECR)&amp;rdquo;, and puts forward a systematic theory. In this paper, the theory of Pedersen is been used to render ECRs in subtitles of the traditional Chinese martial arts films. The purpose of this paper is to attract people&amp;rsquo;s attention to the studies of translation of ECRs of subtitles, and to contribute a small effort to the &amp;ldquo;going out&amp;rdquo; initiative of Chinese culture.

Experimental study on Taijiquan exercise improving university students’ cognitive function

Taijiquan is a traditional Chinese martial arts which is popular in China and even Southeast Asia. Now, many university students are Practicing it. Previous studies focused on the cognitive effects of aerobic exercise with different intensities on the human brain. This paper will present an experiment on Whether Taijiquan can develop cognitive function and what is the effective frequency of cognition developed by Taijiquan. In experiment 1: seventeen male university students were recruited as EG who had been exercising Taijiquan more than one year, another thirty male university students who were healthy but whose major were not sports were as CG. The differences of P300 were compared; In experiment 2: thirty female healthy university students were recruited for six weeks, randomly divided into 3 groups, 10 in each group. EG1 and EG2 for six weeks Taijiquan exercise. EG1 did Taijiquan exercise 3 times a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday). EG2 did Taijiquan exercise 5 times a week (from Monday to Friday). CG did not do any sports. The P300 of each group were recorded before the experiment, and in the second, fourth, sixth and eighth week. Through scientific reasoning and strict analysis, this study found: the long-term Taijiquan exercise can improve the cognitive function of the practitioners; For short-term Taijiquan exercise, the positive effects of Taijiquan exercise 5 times a week is better than that of 3 times a week.

Effectiveness of Chinese Martial Arts and Philosophy to Reduce Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Schoolchildren.

This study examined the effectiveness of Chinese martial arts in reducing reactive and proactive aggressive behavior among schoolchildren with a cluster-randomized trial. A screening questionnaire was completed by 3511 schoolchildren of Grades 2 to 5 from 13 sites in Hong Kong. We shortlisted 298 children who scored z ≥ 1 on the total score of the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire in their respective sites to participate in the experiment. They were divided into 31 clusters that were blinded and randomly assigned to one of the 4 conditions: skills only, philosophy only, skills and philosophy, and physical fitness (placebo). Subjects were assessed at baseline, posttraining, and 6 months after training using aggression scales. Results from the linear mixed model indicated that the time × training interaction effects were significant for aggressive behavior (reactive and proactive), delinquent behavior, anxiety/depression, and attention problems. Although all measures declined in all conditions over time, only the skills-and-philosophy condition showed a significant reduction at posttraining and/or 6-month follow-up compared with the placebo. The results provided a theoretical proof for the relationship between aggression and sport involvement combined with children's moral reasoning. This study gives practical implications to intervention that solely playing sports or teaching moral lessons is not effective enough for high-risk schoolchildren with aggressive behavior. However, combined traditional Chinese martial arts skills and moral philosophy training could be considered in the school curriculum to reduce school violence and facilitate creation of harmonious schools.