Traditional BOW Research Articles

Buryat Traditional Bow in the Collection of the Russian Museum of Ethnography (According to Documents on Receipt before the 1930s)

Buryat Traditional Bow in the Collection of the Russian Museum of Ethnography (According to Documents on Receipt before the 1930s)

Traditional Bow of the Selenga Buryats (Based on a 2019 Field Study)

Traditional Bow of the Selenga Buryats (Based on a 2019 Field Study)

Topic-VQ-VAE: Leveraging Latent Codebooks for Flexible Topic-Guided Document Generation

This paper introduces a novel approach for topic modeling utilizing latent codebooks from Vector-Quantized Variational Auto-Encoder~(VQ-VAE), discretely encapsulating the rich information of the pre-trained embeddings such as the pre-trained language model. From the novel interpretation of the latent codebooks and embeddings as conceptual bag-of-words, we propose a new generative topic model called Topic-VQ-VAE~(TVQ-VAE) which inversely generates the original documents related to the respective latent codebook. The TVQ-VAE can visualize the topics with various generative distributions including the traditional BoW distribution and the autoregressive image generation. Our experimental results on document analysis and image generation demonstrate that TVQ-VAE effectively captures the topic context which reveals the underlying structures of the dataset and supports flexible forms of document generation. Official implementation of the proposed TVQ-VAE is available at https://github.com/clovaai/TVQ-VAE.

Physics Application in Traditional Archery: Sight-lines Method for Aiming Using a Traditional Bow

<p lang="en-AU" align="justify">The absence of bow sight in a traditional bow can be replaced by introducing sight lines as a reference for accurate elevation angles in archery. Assuming a quadratic drag force acting on the arrow, a sight line can be calculated by using the values of target distances, initial arrow speed, arrow velocity decay, and the stance of the archer. This method can improve shooting accuracy for various target distances.</p>

A BOW AS A TRADITIONAL WEAPON IN THE HEROIC EPICS OF THE KAZAKHS

The article introducesinformation about heroic epics of the Kazakhs, containing facts about a ranged weapon – a bow of the nomads of the Great Steppe of the Middle Ages and New Age. Before this information was not an aim of special scientific research and was not translated into other languages. Based on a comprehensive analysis of folklore, artefacts and written sources, there was an attempt to find out the original names of the bows of the Turkic warriors of the Middle Ages and New Age as well as their construction features. The basic terms used in the heroic epics of the Kazakhs were identified and attributed to denote a ranged weapon of the nomads of the abovementioned period on the basis of the research of collected, systematized and analyzed facts. In addition, in particular, it was found out that in the Middle Ages and New Age, a ranged weapon of nomadic warriors of Kazakhstan and adjacent lands was differently named: jaq, jai, saadaq, sarja, buharja, adyrna. Here, we see, a name of a ranged weapon – a bow (jaq, jai) of the Turkic warriors known in the ancient times and early Middle Ages, changed and a few various names became applicable, largely as a result of metonymic transition, that is, a name of a separate part of the structure of the bow was applied to the whole item, which then entered the military vocabulary of the Kazakhs. Thus, for instance, the name limb – adyrnaand baіenek made of bone, horns, and wood, featuring the basic functional structure of the bow, was applied to the history common name of a traditional bow of the nomads. And known as a bow case of a bow – saadaq entered later military vocabulary of the Kazakhs to denote the bow. When comparing the description of a ranged weapon in the heroic epics of the Kazakhs with its genuine samples from archaeological monuments and traits of written sources, a high level of correlation between folklore and artefacts is noticeable.

ҚАЗАҚ БАТЫРЛАР ЖЫРЛАРЫНДАҒЫ ДӘСТҮРЛІ ЖАҚ (ЖАЙ) ҚАРУЫ

The article introduces information about heroic epics of the Kazakhs, containing facts about a ranged weapon – a bow of the nomads of the Great Steppe of the Middle Ages and New Age. Before this information was not an aim of special scientific research and was not translated into other languages. Based on a comprehensive analysis of folklore, artefacts and written sources, there was an attempt to find out the original names of the bows of the Turkic warriors of the Middle Ages and New Age as well as their construction features. The basic terms used in the heroic epics of the Kazakhs were identified and attributed to denote a ranged weapon of the nomads of the abovementioned period on the basis of the research of collected, systematized and analyzed facts. In addition, in particular, it was found out that in the Middle Ages and New Age, a ranged weapon of nomadic warriors of Kazakhstan and adjacent lands was differently named: jaq, jai, saadaq, sarja, buharja, adyrna. Here, we see, a name of a ranged weapon – a bow (jaq, jai) of the Turkic warriors known in the ancient times and early Middle Ages, changed and a few various names became applicable, largely as a result of metonymic transition, that is, a name of a separate part of the structure of the bow was applied to the whole item, which then entered the military vocabulary of the Kazakhs. Thus, for instance, the name limb – adyrna and baіenek made of bone, horns, and wood, featuring the basic functional structure of the bow, was applied to the common name of a traditional bow of the nomads. And known as a bow case of a bow – saadaq entered later military vocabulary of the Kazakhs to denote the bow. When comparing the description of a ranged weapon in the heroic epics of the Kazakhs with its genuine samples from archaeological monuments and traits of written sources, a high level of correlation between folklore and artefacts is noticeable.

Laser-Guided CT Intervention using Flexible Laser Bow

Abstract Laser bow systems are used for intervention guidance by steering laser rays. Such systems have shown applications in biopsy, nasal surgeries, drainage, pain therapy. In this paper, we introduce an image-based laser guided CT intervention. Instead of relying on traditional laser bow rigidly mounted to the CT scanner, our approach performs registration making use of a patient tracker in image as well as CT data to find the orientation of laser bow with respect to the CT data. The image is acquired by a camera rigidly connected to the laser bow. The proposed approach allows movability to the laser bow system without compromising on accuracy. Using camera allows real-time view of the intervention and can be used for futuristic applications.

Archery Bow Design Equation

Bow and arrow is one of the ancient combat tool used for defense, hunting and in recent times, used in sports. There have been several improvements in archery since then. Bows, as we know today are made from several components, materials and are available in different shapes and designs. There have been several variations in the bow design, broadly categorized under traditional bow or long bow, recurve bow, cross bow and compound bow. They may look very different and may have different efficiency but their underlying principle of operations have not changed much in past decades. There have been several studies and patents filed for new designs of the bows to improve the efficiency and several accessories have also been introduced to improve targeting, stability, and power. In this study using laws of physics, a design equation has been established which can be used as basis for deriving various aspects of the bow design and can be used for creating new bow designs with added efficiency. The bow design equation in this study is named as ‘RV bow design equation’ which is split into three parts to cover the aspect of arrow mass, energy stored in the bow, and energy transferred to arrow to give designers holistic view of the bow design and ability to monitor several parameters independently and in conjunction to each other. This equation will facilitate designers to make informed decisions about several aspects of the bow and they can use this equation to maximize the energy or velocity output of the arrow with a given design and material used for construction.

Archery Bow Design Equation

Bow and arrow is one of the ancient combat tool used for defense, hunting and in recent times, used in sports. There have been several improvements in archery since then. Bows, as we know today are made from several components, materials and are available in different shapes and designs. There have been several variations in the bow design, broadly categorized under traditional bow or long bow, recurve bow, cross bow and compound bow. They may look very different and may have different efficiency but their underlying principle of operations have not changed much in past decades. There have been several studies and patents filed for new designs of the bows to improve the efficiency and several accessories have also been introduced to improve targeting, stability, and power. In this study using laws of physics, a design equation has been established which can be used as basis for deriving various aspects of the bow design and can be used for creating new bow designs with added efficiency. The bow design equation in this study is named as ‘RV bow design equation’ which is split into three parts to cover the aspect of arrow mass, energy stored in the bow, and energy transferred to arrow to give designers holistic view of the bow design and ability to monitor several parameters independently and in conjunction to each other. This equation will facilitate designers to make informed decisions about several aspects of the bow and they can use this equation to maximize the energy or velocity output of the arrow with a given design and material used for construction.

Loop closure detection using supervised and unsupervised deep neural networks for monocular SLAM systems

The detection of true loop closure in Visual Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (vSLAM) can help in many ways, it helps in re-localization, improves the accuracy of the map, and helps in registration algorithms to obtain more accurate and consistent results. The loop closure detection is affected by many parameters, including illumination conditions, seasons, different viewpoints and mobile objects. This paper proposes a novel approach based on super dictionary different from traditional BoW dictionary that uses more advanced and more abstract features of deep learning. The proposed approach does not need to generate vocabulary, which makes it memory efficient and instead it stores exact features, which are small in number and hold very less amount of memory as compared to traditional BoW approach in which each frame holds the same amount of memory as the number of words in the vocabulary. Two deep neural networks are used together to speed up the loop closure detection and to ignore the effect of mobile objects on loop closure detection. We have compared the results with most popular Bag of Words methods DBoW2 and DBoW3, and state-of-the-art iBoW-LCD using five publicly available datasets, and the results show that the proposed method robustly performs loop closure detection and is eight times faster than the state-of-the-art approaches of a similar kind.

Crop Pest Image Classification and Recognition Based on Significance Detection and BOW Model

In order to reduce the interference of background information on target recognition, and improve the accuracy of classification and recognition, this paper proposes a method based on significance detection and BOW model to classify and identify 22 kinds of crop pest images. First, smooth the image by bilateral filtering. Then use GBVS (graphic-based visual saliency) method to calculate the saliency map, and extract the surf feature from the region of interest and built the BOW model. Finally, use SVM (support vector machine) to train classifier. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the proposed method is nearly 10% higher than that of the traditional BOW model.

A model of the twin-cam compound bow with cam design options

A mathematical model of an archery twin-cam compound bow is introduced. The deflection of the limb tip is based on the modified Hickman model of the traditional bow. The cams are modelled with the help of cubic splines, and the derived non-linear equations are simplified and solved numerically. The force-draw curve of a commercial twin-cam compound bow is measured and compared to the prediction of the model. As an example, the cams of the compound bow are virtually modified in order to improve the effectiveness of the bow. The model presented here can be used when adjusting the twin-cam compound bow and also when designing the cams.

A new bag-of-words model using multi-cue integration for image retrieval

Bag-of-words-based BoW image retrieval has been the most popular method in the image retrieval field. In traditional BoW scheme, the whole scheme for image retrieval utilises only one feature. The images are represented by the visual vocabulary consisting of a single feature. But in many cases, one feature could not describe the images well, some false matches often occur in traditional BoW scheme. To solve the problem, the paper proposes a multi-cue framework to integrate colour and shape features in order to improve the retrieval performance. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we evaluate our new framework on the Simplicity dataset and Stanford dataset. The experimental results illustrate the proposed method could significantly improve the retrieval performance.

A Hamming Embedding Kernel with Informative Bag-of-Visual Words for Video Semantic Indexing

In this article, we propose a novel Hamming embedding kernel with informative bag-of-visual words to address two main problems existing in traditional BoW approaches for video semantic indexing. First, Hamming embedding is employed to alleviate the information loss caused by SIFT quantization. The Hamming distances between keypoints in the same cell are calculated and integrated into the SVM kernel to better discriminate different image samples. Second, to highlight the concept-specific visual information, we propose to weight the visual words according to their informativeness for detecting specific concepts. We show that our proposed kernels can significantly improve the performance of concept detection.

B40 京弓を用いた弓引き動作中の筋活動と弓の変形特性(移動・弓)

Kyoto bow is the Japanese traditional bow which made form 100% natural materials such as bamboo, woods and so on. Kyoto bow consists of three different parts and they were glued together, so that Kyoto bow can be regarded as hybrid adhesive composite structure. The characteristics of Kyoto bow very much depend on the materials and adhesive. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the structural materials of bow on muscle activity during drawing the bow. Three kinds of bow were used in this study; 1) typical carbon bow, 2) Kyoto bows which were produced with normal bamboo, or 3) heated bamboo. The deformations of bow and muscle activities were measured during drawing the bows by using the motion capture and the electromyogram. As a result, advantage of a Kyoto bow and muscle activity during the drawing the bow were clarified.

An Ethnoarchaeological Inquiry into the Functional Relationship between Projectile Point and Armor Technologies of the Northwest Coast

Traditional bow, arrow, projectile and armor technologies of the Northwest Coast of North America were identified. Reproductions of these weapons were used to measure the ability of different point styles to penetrate various types of armor. Although chipped stone, ground slate, and bone projectiles revealed an increase in penetration capacity, respectively, they also showed a collateral decrease in durability. While hide, wood, and stone-covered armor reflected an increasing resistance to puncture, they also evidenced a potential decrease in maneuverability. These results suggest that the rising prevalence of highly effective bone points after 400 A.D., as opposed to contemporaneous subsistence technologies that are normally characterized by more durable ground slate artifacts, are indicative of increasing hostilities during the Late Phase. This data helps to discriminate between subsistence and warfare technologies, supporting theories that attribute a more active casual role to conflict during the rise of social complexity.

Robert Redford, Apanuugpak, and the invention of tradition

This paper describes a full‐length feature film in production in the western Alaska village of Toksook Bay. Discussion focuses on the traditional Apanuugpak story cycle and stories of traditional bow and arrow warfare from which the screenplay was developed. It analyzes discrepancies between Yup'ik Eskimo history, as understood by the anthropologist, and as both the scriptwriter and people of Toksook Bay choose to present it in the film. Detail is given on how one of the most dramatic oral accounts from the period of traditional Yup'ik bow and arrow warfare has been used by the filmmaker as a vehicle for denouncing not only warfare, but the concepts of property and territory that lie behind it. Discussion of the filmmaker's reconstruction of the indigenous world leads to a consideration of the anthropologist's reconstruction of a society as well as the natives' reconsideration of their own past. Insofar as the filmmaker's project coincides with the natives' creative re‐formation of their own history, the role of the anthropologist is not to insure “authenticity” in reference to a precelluloid past. Rather, it is to promote open dialogue between the artist seeking new symbols to carry his culture's old meanings and a community seeking new meaning in the symbols of its past.