Traditional Apparatus Research Articles

Ius Constituendum Formulating Basic Values of Indigenous Peoples in Constitutional Amendments

Introduction: Regulation of Customary Law Communities in a state constitution is important to guarantee their existence and guarantee their protection. The regulation of Indigenous Law Communities in the constitution is also intended so that the regulations under the constitution can be in line with the constitution in facilitating Indigenous Law Communities.Purposes of the Research: The aim of this research is to formulate the basic principles of MHA which must be regulated in the constitution as well as efforts to amend the constitution to formulate the basic principles of MHA in the constitution.Methods of the Research: Normative legal research using case, concept and legislative approaches.Results of the Research: The basic principles of MHA that need to be formulated in the constitution include various basic values of MHA, such as having customary legal norms, having ulayat rights or traditional rights related to natural resource management, and having traditional apparatus with various characteristics that exist in each MHA. Revision of Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia as an effort to amend the constitution to include the basic principles and values of the MHA can be carried out by including basic values and principles in the MHA which include: the existence of customary legal norms, having customary rights or related traditional rights. With natural resource management, as well as having traditional apparatus with various characteristics that exist in each MHA..

USING THE METHOD OF CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS FOR THE SIMULATION OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

Problem statement. Analyzing the dynamics of the functioning of complex technical systems, which are characterized by a certain architecture and the interaction of system components, in most cases, there are certain difficulties associated with the description of system-wide issues. Among such issues, first of all, it is possible to include problems related to the direct mathematical formalization of the overall system structure, the organization of relationships between its elements, the interaction of system elements with its external environment, control of the activities of its elements, etc. In such cases, most often researchers use the procedure of mathematical modeling. At the same time, there is a fairly large range of phenomena, in the analysis of which it is possible to use the traditional apparatus of mathematical modeling. In such situations, it is possible to apply modeling techniques that represent the model in the form of an algorithmic program for an electronic computer, the so-called simulation modeling. The purpose of the article. Application of simulated physical and mathematical modeling by the method of confirmatory factor analysis for the study of complex technical processes. Conclusion . The relationship between the parameters of the laser welding mode and the morphological criteria of the structural state of low-carbon low-alloy steel 09Г2С was investigated using the mathematical apparatus of simulation modeling, namely confirmatory factor analysis. The confirmatory factor method was implemented in the form of a path diagram, namely a graphical interpretation of the relationship between the structural condition criteria and laser welding parameters. The percentage content and geometric dimensions of the main structural components of ferrite and pearlite were used as criteria for the morphology of the structural state, and the geometric dimensions of the welded joint sections were used as welding parameters. The adequacy of the obtained model was confirmed by constructing a probability plot of normalized residuals according to the quasi-Newtonian method of residuals.

The role of abrasion in cyclically sheared soil–structure interfaces

A limiting factor in the drive to deliver performance-based design is the lack of knowledge regarding the constitutive behaviour of soil–structure interfaces, particularly in the case of cyclic loading. A series of experiments was undertaken using both a traditional interface shear apparatus (shearing a large body of soil grains over a structural interface) and a novel single-particle interface shear apparatus (involving shearing a single grain over a structural interface). In both cases the soil was sheared across the interface in a cyclical manner (more than 1500 cycles per test). For the traditional apparatus, a clear change in soil particle size distribution and abrasive wear of the structural interface occurs after many cycles. This change results in a significant increase of the interface friction ratio, which is the main parameter used in traditional design – increasing from approximately 0·2 (11°) to 0·7 (35°). The single-particle apparatus validated the results – where a significant increase in the friction ratio after many cycles was also observed. The novel interface behaviour presented in this paper may lead to improved interface constitutive models and consequently more economic and safer geotechnical designs.

Experimental characterization and numerical modeling of creep in woven textiles

In this study, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is used to characterize creep in textiles. The creep of a plain-woven cotton fabric was studied over a relatively long period of time (32 days), which is not feasible with traditional apparatus. The results were compared with two models based on a Maxwell element in parallel with an elastic element. Good agreement was shown when the viscous law was chosen to follow the Norton-Hoff-like power law. Fitting the experimental results with a numerical scheme for this power law allowed to determine the material’s viscous parameters. In parallel, time-independent parameters were found using static testing apparatus. The obtained results will allow a better comprehension of creep in textiles when subjected to long-term stress, such like ancient textiles in museums, and hence to predict their behavior using modeling tools.

Brazilian Corporate Sustainability Regulation in the Green Transition: Missing the Forest for the Trees

The article describes and analyses new regulatory and governance rules regarding corporate sustainability regulation in Brazil, including the new provisions by the capital markets, the financial authorities, and private frameworks. This is done through the theoretical lens of a critical approach to socio-ecological transformation, shedding light on the broader context in which the institutional innovations take place: the political project of relying on finance to guide the transformation and the current transformations (i.e., the dismantling) of the traditional apparatus for environmental protection. In so doing, the contributions are twofold: on an empirical level, the article presents an overview of new rules regarding corporate governance and climate change in Brazil, serving as a useful source for comparison with other jurisdictions and a critical analysis of trends and differences in Northern and Southern Countries. On the theoretical level, we argue in favour of the need for a holistic approach that considers the broader regulatory context including the political agenda boosting the reforms in internal corporate governance and the circumstances of external environmental regulation. As such, we stress the interplay between extra-corporate and intra corporate governance tools in fostering corporate sustainability.

Improvising an apparatus for teaching sound waves using smartphones

Laboratory experience is integral to science education. However, access to quality science laboratory equipment is a major challenge faced by many educational institutions in developing countries. This paper reports on an improvisation of an apparatus for teaching sound waves using smartphones and materials that are easy to obtain from the community. The Kundt’s Tube is a traditional apparatus for measuring the speed of sound in air. In science education, it is used as an instructional tool for teaching sound waves in high school physics and introductory college physics. Our improvised Kundt’s tube utilized a Polyvinyl chloride pipe for the main tube and two smartphones for producing and sensing sound. Using the improvised apparatus, we were able to create longitudinal standing waves and measure the speed of sound in air to within 3.76% of the theoretical value. Thus, the improvised Kundt’s tube is fit for use in high school physics and general physics laboratories. In addition, the materials used are easily accessible and readily available which makes the apparatus very economical.

Kepastian Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa oleh Majelis Adat Setikar Kampung dalam Sistem Peradilan Indonesia

Settlement of disputes between residents in Aceh Tamiang Regency was organized by the Setikar Village Council (MDSK) as a village deliberation body, which was later better known by the community through mediation through village traditional apparatus. This study aims to find out and explain how the procedures for resolving disputes between communities by MDSK, and analyze the legal certainty of dispute resolution between communities by MDSK in the Indonesian Judicial system. The research method of this study is normative juridical research by examining aspects of legal certainty in dispute resolution by the Aceh Tamiang District MDSK in the Indonesian justice system. The legal materials used consist of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The approach taken in this research is the approach to legislation and the approach to the principle of legal certainty. The research data will be analyzed qualitatively in accordance with the legislation and conformity with the principle of legal certainty. The results of the study indicate that out-of-court dispute resolution in Aceh Tamiang District is organized by MDSK. The dispute resolution process is carried out by examining initial data related to the subject of the dispute, examining documentary evidence and adjusting it in the field, then making decisions by deliberation and consensus. Dispute resolution by MDSK has not met the principle of legal certainty. Because, MDSK does not have legality as a mediation forum and is not recognized as a mediator as regulated in Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Court. Then, there are no implementing regulations in the form of guidelines for dispute resolution through MDSK, standard rules for implementation procedures and dispute resolution procedures.

DETERMINATION OF THE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT OF A ROTARY EVAPORATOR WITH HEATING FILM-FORMING ELEMENT

In the article, a model of a rotary-film evaporator with a film-forming element, which has a heated reflective surface, was investigated. Such a solution was proposed to stabilize the hydraulic movement of the cut off wave flow due to the reflective surface of a certain geometric shape for the forced direction of the cut raw material to the heating surface. Autonomous heating of the reflecting surface additionally provides a temperature effect in the conditions of movement of raw material particles after cutting. As a result of the analysis of the experimental and theoretical parameters of heat transfer, the criterion equation for the heat transfer coefficient of the evaporator with the proposed film-forming element, which has a reflective heated surface for calculating the heat transfer coefficient from the working surface to the raw material, is substantiated. The resulting equation takes into account the influence of the vertical component of the motion of the raw material film, the centrifugal movement during the rotation of the film-forming element, the mixing of the boiling film of the raw material with steam bubbles, the geometric characteristics of the film-forming blade on the hydrodynamic flow of the raw material. Calculation of a rotary-film evaporator using a criterion equation and a useful heat exchange surface of 0,75 m2 was obtained. The specific metal content in a rotary-film evaporator with a film-forming element having a reflective surface is 57 kg/m2 compared to the vacuum evaporator traditionally used in canning industries 410 kg/m2, which is 7,1 times less. Also, the duration of the temperature effect on the raw material is reduced: a rotary-film evaporator - 200 s and 3600 s in a traditional apparatus. The obtained data will be useful for designing rotary-film apparatuses of various geometrical parameters using hinged blades with a reflective plate.

Portable Device use for Arterial Stiffness Determination as a Control Method at the Recovery Stage of Rehabilitation

Aim: To create a device for PWPV evaluation which would be cheap and could be easily used not only at the inpatient but also at the restorative outpatient and health-resort stages of rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: The clinical examination included 90 people who were randomized into the group of observation (n=75) with patients of AH various degrees. 15 practically healthy persons were involved into the control group. PWPV was measured using a specially designed device according to the generally accepted carotid-femoral technique. Results: Our results showed that the PWPV of healthy persons measured using original device failed to differ statistically from the literature reference values and indicated the correspondence of the measurements we obtained with the data received using traditional apparatus. Out data of original PWPV measurement obtained from examined and treated patients do not differ from the results obtained in wide range of patients aged from 40 to 70 years with the 1st -2nd stages of AH. Conclusions: We described an efficacy of PWPV determination using an original device. The use of the proposed device does not contradict with the generally accepted method of vascular stiffness measuring and studying. The results obtained on it are comparable with the data of the most used stationary device SphygmoCor for these purposes. The prospects of the device using are without the limitations in patients with vascular diseases at the stage of rehabilitation.

Code Mixing Among Millennials of Banggai Ethnic

This research aims to identify code-mixing types employed among millennials of Banggai ethnic. This descriptive qualitative research uses conversation in 10 language use activities as the data source. The data are utterances containing code mixing. Data collection techniques involve field observation, by recording participant conversations in 10 activities. Participants are millennials in Banggai who are native speakers of Banggai language who use Banggai language in in their daily life. The researchers sort the utterances to separate data and non-data in recorded conversations. Data analysis code mixing identification and classification. The researchers interpret the results of the analysis based on the theory and present them in the form of description. The results of this study indicate that Banggai millennials employ all forms of code mixing in all conversational activities studied. The forms include insertion, alternation and congruent lexicalization. In other words, participants insert Indonesian words, phrases, clauses and dialects into their Banggai language utterances during conversation. The tendency to insert Indonesian in the utterances of Banggai millennials is an alarming signal for the continuity and the existence of the Banggai Language. Losing the local language will eliminate the Banggai culture at the same time. The results of observations in 10 conversational activity settings showing the mixing of Banggai language code with Indonesian reflect the signal. There are needs of serious efforts from the Banggai Laut Government and a traditional apparatus based in Banggai Laut, to make Banggai language into the language of instruction, which continue to live and sustainable in society, as it is related to the central position of Banggai Laut , as the center of the Banggai Kingdom.

Determination of the heat transfer coefficient of a rotary film evaporator with a heating film-forming element

A model of a rotary film evaporator with a film-forming element with a reflective heated surface has been developed. This will allow stabilizing the hydraulic movement of the cut wave flow due to the reflective surface of the geometric shape for the forced direction of the cut raw material to the heating surface. Autonomous heating of the reflective surface additionally provides a temperature effect in the conditions of movement of particles of raw materials after cutting. The analysis of the experimental and theoretical parameters of heat transfer made it possible to substantiate the criterion equation for determining the heat transfer coefficient of an evaporator with the proposed film-forming element and a reflective heated surface for calculating the coefficient from the working surface to the raw material. The resulting equation takes into account the influence of the vertical component of the motion of the raw material film, centrifugal movement during the rotation of the film-forming element, mixing of the boiling film of the raw material with steam bubbles, and the geometric characteristics of the film-forming blade on the hydrodynamic flow of the raw material. The calculation of the rotary-film evaporator was carried out using the criterion equation and the obtained useful heat exchange surface – 0.75 m2. The specific metal consumption in a rotary film evaporator with a film-forming element having a reflective surface is 57 kg/m2, compared to the vacuum evaporator traditionally used in canning industries (410 kg/m2), which is 7.1 times less. The duration of the temperature effect on the raw material is also reduced: a rotary film evaporator – 200 s and 3600 s in a traditional apparatus. The data obtained will be useful for the design of rotary-film devices of different geometric parameters using articulated blades with a reflective plate.

Petrus Abaelardus: Sermones. Edited by L. J. Engels and C. Vande Veire

This book was not finished when L. J. Engels died in 2017; we owe its completion to the devoted work of a team from Brepols. It was able therefore to contain its own review. In a fine tribute to a scholar distinguished both for his research and for his services to Dutch universities, C. H. Kneepkens (p. vi) justly calls the edition a ‘model of acuity, precision, patience and sheer graft’. (I do not imagine that Engels was responsible for ‘Operus’ in the list of sigla on p. 2.) Engels lavished astonishing care and learning not only on the establishment of the text, but on the identification of Abelard’s sources. In three levels above the traditional apparatus criticus (see pp. lxxxii–lxxxiv), he gave references to the Bible, to patristic and later sources (Augustine and Jerome are naturally prominent here), and internally to similar passages in Abelard’s own works. The indexes...

Masyarakat Hukum Adat (MHA): Studi Penguatan Kapasitas Lembaga Adat Desa Melalui Pembentukan Peraturan Desa

This study aims to identify and analyze the strengthening of the capacity of the Village Customary Institution (LAD) in the formation of village regulations. By using a normative juridical research method (doctrinal), based on primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and non-legal materials, then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. Based on the results of research and discussion, it shows that the Village Customary Institution as a forum for deliberative organizations to accommodate and channel the aspirations of the community to the government, resolve various problems that exist in society related to customary law, the existence of traditional institutions is also to create a democratic, harmonious relationship. and to empower the community in order to support the improvement of government administration, and the welfare of the village community. Village customary institutions are also a forum or organization where when in resolving a dispute or conflict there is a deliberation between the traditional apparatus which can be called a customary deliberation. Where customary deliberations are carried out in the community to realize the purpose of living together according to the local customary law. The Village Customary Institution will have legal certainty if a Village Regulation has been made so that the roles and functions of the Village Traditional Institution can be empowered as part of the implementation of the Village administration tasked with maintaining customs and resolving conflicts according to custom within the legal corridors of the Village Government as regulated in Law Number 6 2014 about Village

Power matters: Posthuman entanglements in a social solidarity clinic

This paper develops a materialist and performative conception of power, proposing a theoretical framework that bridges Barad’s intra-active agential ontology and Foucault’s microphysics of power. The article uses empirical data collected from a social clinic in Greece where the traditional apparatus of the clinic is contested and experimentally reconfigured. We focus on three overlapping themes and reflect on how power relations materialize themselves through everyday practices and multiple entanglements between human and non-human agents. We argue that these entanglements constitute the dynamic matter of power: their performative reiteration determines how power matters. By showing how power materially exceeds the manifest intentions of human agents, our case study aims to contribute to an idea of alternative organising that accounts for the materiality of mundane posthuman entanglements within an antagonistic understanding of power.

Digital journalism as a new type of media activity

The relevance of the study is caused by the continuous transformation and innovations of the digital environment, the undefined categorical apparatus of digital journalism, and national peculiarities of the process of creating online journalistic discourse. The main purpose of the study is to identify the conceptual features of digital journalism and to highlight the communication specificity of the designated type of media. Based on the studies of R. Salaverría, it is proposed to understand under digital journalism all types of journalism performed with the help of digital technologies, that is changeable social journalistic practice focused on a heterogeneous mass audience, presented in specific but at the same time changeable genres and formats. Thus, there are debates on the application of the terms ‘cyberjournalism’, ‘online journalism’, ‘multimedia journalism’, ‘computational journalism’, ‘algorithmic journalism’, ‘data-driven journalism’, and others to this type of media activity. The main research method applied in this study is discourse analysis, which made it possible to understand the problems of a modern digital environment, to trace the genesis of digital journalism, to carry out typological analysis of the existing digital media system, to determine the specifics of media products and audience participation in digital creation and consumption of news. The novelty of the study lies in an attempt to introduce a systematic definition of ‘digital journalism’ into the scientific discourse, to pay attention to such features as uncertainty and variability, a transformation of the traditional categorical apparatus, changing roles and functions of participants in the communicative process. The results of the study clarify the subject-object and structural characteristics of modern journalism as well as determine the organizational and technological transformations of digital media production.

Sustainability of a firm’s market strategy

The work is focused on solving a set of problems related to the functioning of the enterprise (firm) in a competitive market environment. The stability of the firm in market conditions is determined by the ability to optimally manage available resources, effective planning for timely promotion of new products, the ability to adequately respond to challenges posed by sudden changes in market conditions. An important factor in achieving economic stability of the enterprise is the presence of the internal concept of self-development, which combines two main functions - marketing and management system (management). In this article the methodology of economic and mathematical modeling of a market condition of firm as process of interaction of functions of marketing and management has received the further development. A model is proposed, which is built in line with the paradigm of economic synergetics and is a system of two nonlinear ordinary differential equations. It is proved that in this situation the classical linear principle of superposition loses its relevance and does not allow the application of the traditional apparatus of econometric analysis. Therefore, the most important for the implementation of the practice of economic forecasting is the construction of areas of stability of the equilibrium of the firm. According to the results of the study, the emphasis is placed on the need to develop criteria for the proximity of system parameters to the dangerous limits of loss of stability by the firm, during the transition through which the economic system changes its dynamic mode catastrophically. A key place in the work is given to determining the parameters of cyclic processes, indicating the amplitude, frequency and nature of the stability of periodic trajectories. The presented results of numerical modeling have practical value and can be used for the analysis and forecasting of parameters at separate stages of the corresponding periodic modes of functioning of the enterprises with various types of stability.

PERKAWINAN DAN PELANGGARAN ADAT DI KOMUNITAS KAJANG, KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA

This article is the research result conducted in Kajang community, Bulukumba Regency, which aims to describe and to analyze the customary violations in marriage that are not in accordance with the rule contained on pasang (message). If there is customary violation in a marriage, the violators will be subject to material and social sanctions in accordance with their violations occurred. This research applies a qualitative descriptive method, with data collection techniques through library study, interview, observation, and documentation. The result study shows that the forms of customary violations in marriage in Kajang community are silariang (eloping), nipitianangngi (pregnancy out of marriage), sexual harassment, and salimara (marriage with different social stratification). These customary violations in marriage are subject to customary sanctions of money and buffalo, while social sanction is nipassalai (excommunicated), either the pairs of marriage or their both family parties. The resolving rule of customary violations in marriage is carried out through customary deliberation attended by the traditional apparatus ammatoa, galla-galla, and the customary violators’ parties.

Experimental Acceptance Procedure for Using Cullet in the Gas Collection Layer of MSW Landfill

The multilayer system of a non-hazardous solid wastes landfill cover, required by most international regulations, includes a granular layer of adequate permeability and thickness for the collection and drainage of biogas. The choice of the most suitable material generally falls on granular soils, containing very low percentages of fines. The paper presents the possibility of replacing natural soils with cullet, obtained by the glass shredding, and widely available on the market. Its hydraulic conductivity with regard to biogas and its granulometric compatibility with the adjacent layers may be initially assessed by means of the usual filter design criteria. Then, its crushing strength, under static and cyclical loads, must be evaluated, since the capping systems are crossed by heavy earthmoving trucks, and consequently, there is the possibility of a change of the cullet granulometric distribution. As cullet is not a conventional material, the usual geotechnical laboratory tests cannot be directly applied to it. The paper suggests an innovative laboratory procedure, defined as a static and cyclical punching test, which allows to evaluate the crushing resistance of cullet by using the traditional apparatus for soil compaction.

PROBATION OF THE IMPROVED UNINTERRUPTED PASTEURIZATION SET “TUBE IN TUBE”

There have been conducted probation studies of an improved uninterrupted pasteurization set “tube in tube” that allowed to provide modern market needs of consumers in getting high-quality food products that must undergo pasteurization stages at technological production. Heat delivery by FFREHRT is used in the set for providing heat flow distribution evenness. There has been established the optimal working space of processed raw materials by studying a temperature drop in the middle of the raw material flow and at the apparatus surface. At the width of the linear ring size of the working environment as 9.5 mm and the flow speed as 0.4 m/s there is provided the least temperature drop value as 0.7 °С. At decreasing the air gap width, the temperature drop value increases and at 5.5 mm is equal to 2 °С that favors the effectiveness decrease of the pasteurization process. According to results of comparative indices of the main composition and obtained quality of pasteurized cow milk, just the experimental sample, obtained at the probation of the offered apparatus is advantageous, comparing with a traditional. It is explained by the decrease of milk temperature processing at the expanse of double pasteurization by FFREHRT, comparing with the traditional pasteurization method. The conducted studies prove the effectiveness of constructive-technological solutions for realization of pasteurization in the set “tube in tube”: the use of two-side heating by FFREHRT that due to its technical parameters is able to take any geometric form of the working chamber and at that provides the necessary evenness of heat flow distribution. We must also note the improvement of exploitation parameters of the offered set, namely facilitation of the automatic control of temperature regulation and the absence of the steam coat and correspondent armature as in the traditional apparatus that decreases metal consumption essentially. The obtained results are urgent for using the presented invention for pasteurization of different food raw materials (milk, juice, low-alcohol beverages and so on). The use of the improved pasteurizer allows to decrease resource consumption and to improve the quality of obtained products

Time-Dependent Compressibility of Crude Oil in Gelled State Measured by a New Apparatus

Summary Compressibility is a basic property of gelled crude oil, which was always regarded as a constant in the unsteady-pipe-flow process. In this article, the compressibility of gelled crude oil was accurately measured, and some new characteristics were discovered by a new apparatus that was developed using a special sealing method consisting of an elastic film and the Newtonian fluid. There was no leakage in the special hermetical method, and the unexpected seal-ring deformation of the piston in the traditional compression apparatus was also well-avoided. Using the new apparatus, compressibility of the gelled crude oil was tested and it was found that the compressibility of gelled crude oil is strongly time dependent.