Trade License Research Articles

Implementation Of Regional Regulation Number 1 Of 2016 Concerning The Protection And Arrangement Of Traditional Markets Shopping Centers And Modern Stores In The Bangli District

In relation to trade, the government sees trade as a very important sector and the spearhead of industry. Without trade, the industrial sector would not run well. On the other hand, without industry, trade would also not be profitable enough to pursue. This research concludes as follows: The implementation of Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning the Protection and Arrangement of Traditional Markets, Shopping Centers, and Modern Stores in Bangli Regency has not run optimally, this is due to legal factors, namely the Regional Regulation has not regulated concretely, the implementing apparatus, in this case, the Satpol PP has not dared to act decisively and last but not least the culture of the community has not been supportive, where people are still afraid to act if there are people's markets, shopping centers and supermarkets that violate the provisions and the apparatus is still waiting for superior orders, in this case, the Regent. Obstacles in the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning the Protection and Arrangement of Traditional Markets, Shopping Centers, and Modern Stores in Bangli Regency include: The legal factors themselves such as laws and regulations governing the arrangement of people's markets, shopping centers and supermarkets have not been implemented properly. Law enforcement factors such as the lack of alertness of officers in terms of taking action against traders who do not have a Trade License.

Perceptions of veterinary extension staff regarding poultry feed and ingredients in selected districts of Uganda: a qualitative study

BackgroundFeedstuffs and poultry feeds of low quality are major limitations to the growth of the poultry sector.MethodsA qualitative study approach using key informant interviews was used to collect information. The thematic analysis method using a prescribed coding frame was used to analyze the data. Three themes emerged from the data: overview and business environment, consequences and propositions, and quality and enforcement.ResultsThe study revealed that poultry feed sub sector is constituted by several players operating at varying scale of business dealing in either imported concentrates, feed stuffs or complete feed. The sector was not well regulated and there was no systematic surveillance done to evaluate the quality of products (feeds and feedstuffs) sold to the farmers. Some regions did not have any feed analytical facilities and therefore farmers mainly depended on subjective judgement using their sense of sight, smell, taste and touch to evaluate the quality of feedstuffs. Regulatory services such as certification of animal feed mills were insufficient not surprising that poultry farmers complained about feedstuff adulteration. The only requirement in place to operate feed and feedstuff business was an annual trade license. The actors/players in poultry feed business operated independently of their formal body or association.ConclusionThis study showed that there is legislation gap in the animal feed sector. The players in the sector were at liberty not to follow standards that ensure quality feeds and feedstuffs.

Implementation of FLEGT Licensing Scheme in Deforestation Law Enforcement: Improvements and Handling in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade (FLEGT) licensing scheme in Indonesia, focusing on its improvements and handling in relation to deforestation law enforcement. The research method used is qualitative, with an empirical juridical, statutory, and contextual approach. The results of this study indicate that aspects of environmental law enforcement in Indonesia have not yet come to light. The responsible authorities and powers exhibit a tendency to supersede established regulations of environmental law enforcement regarding procedural requirements, remedies, and sanctions. Consequently, reforestation schemes and forestry restoration permits, which are intended to counteract the effects of deforestation, have proven to be ineffective. This ineffectiveness can be attributed to the ongoing industrial forestry activities carried out by companies and entrepreneurs, which lack the requisite procedures for ensuring accountability in environmental restoration.

Analysis of the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Integration of the Automotive Industry of Iran into Global Production Networks

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has long been recognized as a crucial driver of economic growth and development in less-developed countries and their integration into Global Production Networks (GPNs). FDI not only brings capital from the core countries but also technology, innovation, and know-how knowledge that can upgrade the capabilities of host automotive industries. On the other hand, FDI can also have negative impacts on host countries if it leads to significant import dependency. In the case of the Iranian automotive sector, the industry greatly benefited from FDI, with Western carmakers dominating the market. Over time, various types of know-how knowledge, including joint ventures (JVs), trade licenses, and technical assistance, have been provided, helping Iran upgrade its automotive industry. While after the severe geopolitical obstacles imposed by both the EU and the U.S., the industry became over-reliant on the car and spare parts imports, and the lack of emphasis on knowledge transfer further affected the growth and development of the Iranian automotive sector. To address these challenges, current research has adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology to illustrate the gradual changes occurred with foreign suppliers through FDI. The research finding shows that after the two-phase imposed sanctions, the detrimental linkages created by overreliance on the car and spare parts imports without any industrial upgrading negatively affected the growth and development of the national and assembled products of the Iranian automotive sector.

Implementation of Business Trade Licensing Service (Study on Investment Agency and One-Door Integrated Service of Tulungagung Regency)

Public service is a public bureaucracy product accepted by society widely. One kind of public bureaucracy product is the Business Trade License, which has a certain quality as one of the supporting factors that motivates the creation of economic growth through better trade and service business. This study aims to find out and describe the implementation of a door-integrated service in Tulungagung. The Investment Agency and One-Door Integrated Service (DPM and PTSP) of Tulungagung Regency are necessary to improve business trade licensing services. The research method used in this research was qualitative. Based on the Regulation of Tulungagung Regency, the Regent carried out the principles: Coordination meant coordination among the organization members so that cooperation was created in giving business trade licensing service to the society. Synchronization in the implementation of business trade licensing service at DPM and PTSP of Tulungagung Regency was realized through the clear task division in the organization based on each field. Good integration among the organization's members would achieve the purpose of the organization. Security and Certainty meant that implementing business trade licensing service had to be based on the rule of law that, was the Regulation of Tulungagung Regency Regent No 76/2014. On the other hand, Certainty meant Certainty related to the procedure and the implementation of business trade licensing service.

Indonesian Efforts and Delays in Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT )License Implementation within the European Union

The purpose of this article is to analyze the factors contributing to Indonesia's evolving stance during negotiations for issuing FLEGT Licenses, employing qualitative research techniques and a single case study approach. Stephen Woolcock's Economic Diplomacy Theory is utilized as the analytical framework. This paper argues that structural, domestic, and ideological factors influence Indonesia's policy adjustments in response to the FLEGT license mechanism. The study reveals issues such as an imbalanced relationship between Indonesia and the EU in FLEGT implementation, policy inconsistencies among Indonesian governmental bodies involved, and perceptual discrepancies among stakeholders engaged in the process. The findings suggest that, in Indonesia's case, Woolcock's theory factors interact, with the pivotal relationship between interest and institutional variables within the domestic decision-making process significantly impacting changes in Indonesia's stance on economic diplomacy practices

SISTEM PERIJINAN PERDAGANGAN MAKANAN RINGAN TANPA LABEL MELALUI PLATFORM BELANJA ONLINE

This study aims to seek and find legal certainty regarding the flow of the labelless snack trade licensing system through an online shopping platform in the city of Surabaya. This research uses normative research methods, namely research that examines the study of documents and archives, using secondary data such as legal theory, statutory provisions, and opinions from undergraduate graduates. This research was conducted by analyzing the principles, theories and legal concepts as well as statutory provisions related to the online licensing system in terms of trading of unlabeled snacks through online shopping platforms. The problem in this research is that there are still many unlabeled snacks that have the potential to harm consumers. The researcher uses a concept that has been designed in such a way as to find legal certainty regarding the management of a labelless snack trade licensing system, in which in this case the rights of consumers are not fulfilled and the obligations of business actors are not carried out properly and correctly

The Impact of Institutions on Innovation

We study the impact of inclusive institutions on innovation using novel, hand-collected, county-level data for Imperial Germany. We use the timing and geography of the French occupation of different German regions after the French Revolution of 1789 as an instrument for institutional quality. We find that the number of patents per capita in counties with the longest occupation was more than double that in unoccupied counties. Among the institutional changes brought by the French, the introduction of the Code civil, ensuring equality before the law, and the promotion of commercial freedom through the abolition of guilds and trade licenses had a stronger effect on innovation than the abolition of serfdom, which increased labor market mobility, and agricultural reforms that broke up the power of rural elites. The effect of institutions on innovation is particularly pronounced for high-tech innovation, suggesting that innovation might be a key channel through which institutions ultimately affect economic growth. Our findings highlight inclusive institutions as a first-order determinant of innovation. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance. Funding: During his Ph.D. at London Business School, Jean-Marie Meier received a grant from the Deloitte Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship (an internal research institute at London Business School) for this paper. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4403 .

The Destiny of Living Animals Imported into Chinese Zoos

Ex situ conservation is one of the major ways to strengthen biodiversity conservation. In China, ex situ conservation institutions mainly include zoos, aquariums, and breeding centers. In 1996, China began to import living animals duty-free for conservation purposes. Here, we built a dataset of nearly 300 vertebrate species (mammals, birds, fish and reptiles) imported into China over this past 20 years by interviewing all 123 institutions importing animals duty-free during 1996–2015. We then analyzed the annual variation of the species composition and individual numbers of these imported species, and quantified the relative population growth rate of each imported species for the first time. We found that the number of living animals imported into China decreased significantly year by year. The number of imported bird species and reptile individuals decreased the most, but the population growth rate was increasing for about half of the imported threatened species. We recommend that conservation institutions should enhance communication and promote cooperative breeding among them. Scientific research and sustainability assessments of threatened species should also be enhanced, which will allocate trade licenses and quotas more effectively. We hope that the data presented in this paper will contribute to the development of conservation policies, leading to stronger management of these imported species in China.

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PERIZINAN PERDAGANGAN (STUDI PADA UMKM WARUNG KOPI DI KECAMATAN WIYUNG, KOTA SURABAYA)

The existence of coffee shops in Surabaya is now increasingly spreading in various areas which has now become a problem in the administrative compliance of SIUP management. So that there is a need for government efforts to bring order to business actors in obeying the administration. Surabaya Mayor Regulation N0.41/2021 concerning business licensing, non-business licensing and non-licensing services. With this regulation, the Surabaya city government issued a policy for every MSME business actor, coffee shops, cafes and coffee shops to have a SIUP. After the issuance of the policy, there are still many MSME business actors who have not pocketed SIUP. Thus, it is necessary to know how to implement the Trade Licensing Policy for coffee shop MSME business actors in Wiyung sub-district, Surabaya city. In the process of this research using descriptive qualitative research with techniques to collect data from observations and interviews with DPM-PTSP Surabaya City and District Wiyung Surabaya. From the results of research conducted by researchers, it is stated that from The Accuracy of The Policies Implemented, it can run well in line with the regulations issued by the Surabaya city government that business actors who are non-KTP Surabaya can manage SIUP. The accuracy of the implementation is not optimal because there are still business actors who have not pocketed SIUP. Target accuracy is also less than optimal because there are still business actors who have minimal technological knowledge in managing SIUP in the Online Single Submission (OSS) System online. Environmental Accuracy is also going well from the internal point of view of the policy implementer, but from the external point of view it still looks bad, namely the lack of contribution from business actors in implementing the mandatory SIUP. Keywords: Implementation, Trade Permits, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises.

Wirtschaftlicher Wandel in der Tschechoslowakei der Zwischenkriegszeit

Czechoslovakia was founded on October 28th, 1918, when the National Committee adopted the Act on the Establishment of an Independent Czechoslovak State (Act No. 11/1918 Coll.). This law established the reception of the existing Austro‐Hungarian legal system that thus formed the legal system of the new republic (legal dualism). In Bohemia and Moravia (briefly also in the Hlučín Region) the law of Cisleithania, and in the rest of the republic the law of the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, applied. The Czechoslovak government had to solve a number of economic problems. In 1919, the threatening financial crisis was averted by the country’s first minister of finance, Alois Rašín, who initiated a monetary separation that resulted in the adoption of a separate currency. A relatively extensive land reform took place from 1922. The first estates to be confiscated and partitioned were those belonging to the German and Hungarian aristocracy; those who benefited were Czech and Slovak farmers. Also, nostrification took place, the aim of which was to transfer the headquarters and management of businesses to the Czechoslovak Republic. As a result of the take‐over of the legal system, the legal regulation of commercial law was different both in terms of content and language in the two parts of the country. In the legislative area, efforts had been made to unify and at the same time to modernize the legal order across the most important areas of law. In the field of commercial law, the preparation of a new codification was based on the Austrian codification of 1863 and the Hungarian codification of 1875. The preparation was subject to the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Unification, which set up expert commissions that developed the Draft Commercial Code. The course of the codification preparation process is further analyzed in the text, and attention is paid to the content of the individual codification proposals. A draft published in 1937 by the Ministry of Justice entitled ʺDraft of the Commercial Codeʺ contained the first (Merchants) and second book (Companies) and had 236 sections. Unlike the then valid Czechoslovak Commercial Act that was based on a mixed system, the Draft of the new Commercial Code was based on a subjective system, on which the German Commercial Code was also based. Unfortunately, this proposal was not adopted by the legislator and remained only in the preparatory phase. One of the reasons was the wait for the adoption of the Draft Civil Code, which did not occur as a result of the German occupation. In the interwar period, therefore, some partial norms were adopted, which unified important areas of commercial law. This included Act No. 259/1924 Coll. (Trade Licensing Act for the territory of Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia) on the basis of which the regulations of the former Austrian Trade Licensing Code were used with appropriate adaptation to the conditions in this territory. The other acts were the Bill of Exchange Act (Act No. 1/1928 Coll.), Act No. 145/1934 Coll. on insurance policy, and Act No. 147/1934 Coll. on securing the claims of policyholders in private insurance and on state supervision over private insurance companies. Another important law concerning state intervention in the economic area was the Act against Unfair Competition in 1927 (Act No. 111/1927 Coll.). The complex conditions of the receding economic crisis had created the need for bankruptcy legislation (Act. No. 64/1931 Coll.) and an amendment to procedural law (Act No. 1/1933 Coll.).

SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING: REDUCING CARBON FOOTPRINT IN MANUFACTURING – OPTIMIZATION OF RESOURCE UTILIZATION, RECOVERY OF WASTAGES AND USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY: - BEING LEAN AND GOING GREEN

Sustainability has been Point of Global Focus and a fast acquiring center stage for all process Industries, Manufacturing firms and Business organizations. Being caught in a vicious circle of Environmental Regulations, Sustainable performance, and climate change resiliency, manufacturers must secure their operation and trade licenses so that they can co-exist in the circular economy. The alarming rate at which the focus of investors on social, environmental, and governance (ESG) performance and higher market valuation for sustainable products, adds to this burgeoning need for greener , safer and sustainable future. The risk is enormous, but opportunities are abundant while Innovation remains the key driver which is why it’s widely accepted among Environmental Activists, industry professionals, statutory bodies. This is due to the fact that sustainable development is a need of the hour that requires prompt action and abrupt changes from statutory Bodies, Manufacturing and Industry professional, and society as whole, it’s finally the same world we all build together. Holistically we should view sustainability as a strategic function which is way beyond meeting statutory requirements and compliances which promises new business opportunities, Cost Benefits and reduction of cost over the life cycle of Systems and This research paper shall review the literature on technological Advancements- and innovations in system Design which will contribute to reduction of carbon footprint, Improvement System Efficiency , and lead to Zero Emissions discharge to the environment which in turn will lead to transformations in individuals, organizations, supply chains, and communities towards a sustainable future. In this Although many of the articles explored in this review report on existing urgent social, environmental ,Health and financial issues, their findings, recommendations, and contributions are encouraging as we make progress toward a sustainable society through innovation and use of alternative methods for generation of resources . This article reviews the diversity of innovation for Sustainable Development in the literature, proposes a typology of such a phenomenon, provides an overview of key articles based on the primary subjects they address, and identifies a series of recommendations for the future development of the field.

Legal principles of public administration for the invention of innovative medicines: European experience

Formulation of the problem. The creation of innovative medicines is the key to increasing the competitiveness of the pharmaceutical sector of Ukraine’s economy. Going through European integration requires bringing Ukrainian legislation, which regulates various sectors of the economy, in line with European legislation. The study of the European experience of legal regulation of medicines development is characterized by relevance. The state of the problem research. Problems of innovative activity in the field of medicines creation are investigated in scientific works of such Ukrainian scientists as V. M. Pashkov, S. V. Glibko, Yu. V. Heorgievsky, O. G. Alekseev, and T. A. Kolyada. European authors who have studied scientific activity problems in pharmacy are Philip A. Hines, Rosanne Janssens, Rosa Gonzalez-Quevedo, Ralf Arno Wess, and Constantinos Ziogas, Ivana Silvia. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for amendments to Ukrainian legislation governing public administration in the sphere of medicines creation, taking into account the European experience. Presenting main material. State regulation of the creation of innovative medicines in Ukraine and the European Union is carried out in the following areas. The first is the creation and financial support of research institutions that develop innovative medicines. Second, the identification of research that needs public financial support on a competitive basis. Public administration bodies shall establish the procedure for registration of medicinal products or obtaining a trade license for placing a medicinal product on the market. Legislation and bylaws define the conditions for licensing the production of medicines. The differences in the legal regulation of the creation of medicines under Ukrainian and European legislation are as follows. First, in the European Union, licenses for marketing medicines are issued by the European Medicines Agency. At the same time, in Ukraine, the registration of medicines is entrusted to the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Secondly, in the European Union, licenses for medicines production are issued by the national authorities of the EU member states. At the same time, the issuance of such licenses in Ukraine belongs to the competence of the State Service for Medicines Trafficking and Drug Control. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The implementation of European legislation governing the development of medicines may consist of further amendments to Ukrainian legislation in the field of circulation of medicines. Firstly, to consolidate the medicines registration function to the State Service for Medicines Trafficking and Drug Control of Ukraine. Secondly, to define one of the service’s tasks as providing advice to medicines developers on clinical and preclinical trials and medicines registration. It is also necessary to assess the environmental risk due to the use of a new medicinal product during its registration.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ АДЫГЕЯ

Improving the availability of medical and medicinal care is the most important task of all levels of government and especially relevant in the context of modernization of the health system. The purpose of the work was to analyze the peculiarities of the functioning of the Drug Provision System of the Rural Population of the Republic of Adygea to identify reserves for its development and substantiate directions for further improvement, taking into account regional conditions. It was established that in the Republic of Adygea out of 160 units of medical organizations, the right of retail trade in drugs, 112 medical and obstetric items that have licenses for pharmaceutical activities are used by drug trading. A feature of the implementation of pharmaceutical activities in rural areas is the absence in most places of modern transport highways, which creates logistics problems and significantly complicates the regular delivery of drugs to the population. Among the positive points, the appearance of an additional way of delivering drugs to the feldsher-obstetric items located in hard-to-reach (mountainous) areas implemented in the federal population to ensure the necessary drugs is noted. The inclusion of pharmacies of partners in the system of ensuring the population did not require additional agreements and expenditures on their services, since this function does not carry additional costs, but at the same time increases their image. It has been established that over the past 2 years, the quality of drugs in the countryside residents decreased significantly. In the region, the number of current pharmaceutical activities has decreased by 21%, the number of operating paramedic-obstetric items has also decreased by 18%, and the number of pharmacies of the program has decreased by 2.8 times. Currently, unresolved problems of the organizational nature came to the fore, among which: the absence of working capital organizations for the acquisition of drugs, in the presence of extrabudgetary funds received from the implementation of paid medical services; insufficient legal training of individual officials of medical organizations in state procurement issues; the absence from the overwhelming number of retail trade licenses for transportation of goods of pharmacy assortment and others. The identified problems are based on the basis of the work plan of health authorities, pharmaceutical activities, medical and pharmaceutical organizations of the Republic of Adygea to improve the forms and working methods for the provision of agricultural drugs.

Metal-smithy, Bead-making, Jeweler’s weight, Trade-permit, Tax-stamp: Indus Script’s Semasiography Partly Decoded

This paper claims to have partly decoded the Indus script. It not only explains how the brief formulaic inscriptions found on seals and tablets helped in taxation and trade control, by recording taxed commodity-types, licensed commercial activities, tax-rates, mode of tax-payment, license-issuing entities etc., but also decisively identifies several semasiograms signifying metal-smithy, lapidary-works, related metrology and taxation. It shows how the sign resembling a “blowpipe inside a crucible”, repeatedly occurs in inscribed seals/tablets discovered from workshops of metal-workers, goldsmiths and bead-makers, and directly occurs on certain inscribed gold and copper implements. Crucibles and blowpipes being ancient smelting tools, their ideograms ( , , ) denoted gold-smithy in Egyptian hieroglyphs too. Moreover, certain Indo-Aryan and Dravidian words for metal-smith directly translates to “blowpipe-blower”. Thus archaeological, script-internal and linguistic evidence confirm that sign signified precious metals and metal-smithy in different contexts. Similarly, fish-like signs ( , , etc.), which repeatedly occur in inscriptions discovered from bead-makers’ and jewelers’ workshops across Indus settlements, arguably signified meanings associated with gemstones, bead-making and related metrological standards. Interestingly, in Proto-Dravidian, “mīn” means fish, shining, bright, and gemstone. Moreover, Indus valley’s eye-patterned gemstone beads were famous as “fish-eye beads” in Mesopotamia. The gemstone related fish-signs sometimes co-occur with , possibly because, the bead-makers and goldsmiths, who physically shared same workshops, were part of related trade license and taxation mechanisms. This paper also claims that the frequent terminal signs symbolized different volumetric ( ) and weight-based ( ) metrological units used in revenue collection and thus metonymically signified certain tax categories. Specifically, the terminal arrow-like sign , which mostly co-occurs with gemstone and gold-smithy related semasiograms, arguably symbolized a goldsmith’s balance, and metonymically signified tax-payments and trade-permits associated with precious commodities. Since ancient assay balances generally used arrow-like pointers for precise weight measurement (a comparable balance is discovered from Harappa), Indic words for assay balance (eṣaṇī, nārācī) are often etymologically rooted to arrow-words. This study claims that sign (allograph ), symbolized the abrus precatorious seeds, the traditional Indian jeweller’s weight, and metonymically signified goldsmith’s weight system and treasury. Many other related conjectures of this study significantly advance our understanding of Indus script.

Synergy of Over the Top Services Operation and Telecommunication Operators in Indonesia

<p class="JGI-AbstractIsi">reform program. One part of the program is issuing online business licenses. As a form of compliance, the Ministry of Trade (MoT) needs to implement the Integrated Trade Licensing System (ITLS), where the system’s values will be made possible through a collaboration between government agencies. This condition illustrates a self-organizing network of organizations where each agency will be able to contribute its values and result in a new set of values. This concept is aligned with the extended organization. This paper aims to examine how ITLS can successfully work through government agencies’ collaboration in an extended organization. The research methodology used a qualitative approach by collecting data through documentation study, observation, and interviews. The study found that trade licenses can only be issued if the value given by the extended organization is sent to ITLS with the assistance of information technology (IT). This research is expected to be a lesson learned of extended organization concept in government agencies.</p>

Synergy of Over the Top Services Operation and Telecommunication Operators in Indonesia

reform program. One part of the program is issuing online business licenses. As a form of compliance, the Ministry of Trade (MoT) needs to implement the Integrated Trade Licensing System (ITLS), where the system’s values will be made possible through a collaboration between government agencies. This condition illustrates a self-organizing network of organizations where each agency will be able to contribute its values and result in a new set of values. This concept is aligned with the extended organization. This paper aims to examine how ITLS can successfully work through government agencies’ collaboration in an extended organization. The research methodology used a qualitative approach by collecting data through documentation study, observation, and interviews. The study found that trade licenses can only be issued if the value given by the extended organization is sent to ITLS with the assistance of information technology (IT). This research is expected to be a lesson learned of extended organization concept in government agencies.

IT Enabled Extended Organization in the Integrated Trade Licensing System

In order to improve the business climate, the Indonesian government focuses on carrying out a fundamental reform program. One part of the program is issuing online business licenses. As a form of compliance, the Ministry of Trade (MoT) needs to implement the Integrated Trade Licensing System (ITLS), where the system’s values will be made possible through a collaboration between government agencies. This condition illustrates a self-organizing network of organizations where each agency will be able to contribute its values and result in a new set of values. This concept is aligned with the extended organization. This paper aims to examine how ITLS can successfully work through government agencies’ collaboration in an extended organization. The research methodology used a qualitative approach by collecting data through documentation study, observation, and interviews. The study found that trade licenses can only be issued if the value given by the extended organization is sent to ITLS with the assistance of information technology (IT). This research is expected to be a lesson learned of extended organization concept in government agencies.

IT Enabled Extended Organization in the Integrated Trade Licensing System

<p class="JGI-AbstractIsi">In order to improve the business climate, the Indonesian government focuses on carrying out a fundamental reform program. One part of the program is issuing online business licenses. As a form of compliance, the Ministry of Trade (MoT) needs to implement the Integrated Trade Licensing System (ITLS), where the system’s values will be made possible through a collaboration between government agencies. This condition illustrates a self-organizing network of organizations where each agency will be able to contribute its values and result in a new set of values. This concept is aligned with the extended organization. This paper aims to examine how ITLS can successfully work through government agencies’ collaboration in an extended organization. The research methodology used a qualitative approach by collecting data through documentation study, observation, and interviews. The study found that trade licenses can only be issued if the value given by the extended organization is sent to ITLS with the assistance of information technology (IT). This research is expected to be a lesson learned of extended organization concept in government agencies.</p>

Monitoring Implementation Impact of the EU-Indonesia’s VPA on SME Livelihood

The Europe Union (E.U.) has agreed to grant the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) license to Indonesia as the first country in the world to receive it. FLEGT VPA (Voluntary Partnership Agreement) is a bilateral agreement between the European Union (E.U.) and wood exporting countries, to improve forest governance sector and ensure that timber and wood products imported into the E.U. are produced by the laws and regulation of partner countries. The Indonesian government has obliged to implement Article 12 relating to social safeguards. Indonesia has to periodically monitor to see the extent to which the VPA has an environmental and social impact that affect the lives and welfare of vulnerable and marginalised groups. The purpose of this study is to analyse how the effect of implementation of the Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu (SVLK) as part of VPA in the small and medium forestry industry sector. Methodology survey with focus group discussions, structured interviews, and semistructured interviews to find out the response and opinion of SME’s owner and employee addressed the effect of SVLK in East Java and Central Java, Indonesia. The theory of change (ToC) was used to consider the implications of SVLK implementation on the sustainable livelihood of small and medium enterprises (SME’s). The results of this study showed that SVLK had a more significant impact on livelihoods, as follows. First, the vulnerable and marginalised groups need to be supported by stakeholders to encourage readiness in faces of SVLK impact. Second, SVLK is susceptible to the effects and at risk of losing livelihoods for women and disabled groups in a short time. This group includes vulnerable groups of aspects of adaptability and sensitivity to the effect. Third, SME’s worker groups who do not have a labour organisation are sensitive to the impact on the workplace company. This group is classified as a group that is quite vulnerable if the effect lasts long enough and on a large scale of impact.