Trade Procedures Research Articles

Optimized application and potential impact of blockchain technology in carbon trading

The integration of blockchain technology with carbon trading opens up new avenues for carbon market optimization. The use of blockchain technology to address climate change is the main topic of this research. Using case studies as a basis, it examines how blockchain technology might help optimize the carbon trading market. It is discovered that the drawbacks and inefficiencies of the carbon trading market can be technically addressed by the current blockchain technology. Blockchain technology has been instrumental in increasing the market’s transparency and streamlining the trading procedure for carbon offsets. Green finance and blockchain technology work together to lessen “greenwashing” behavior, and their cooperation enhances the carbon trading market. This research offers a valuable resource for the enhancement and novelty of carbon trading methods, the growth of environmentally conscious financial enterprises, and the incorporation of the carbon market through the utilization of blockchain technology.

Evolution of the financial market: Concepts and mechanisms

Subject. The article deals with the transformation of basic trading procedures, mechanisms, and conceptual justifications of the financial market. Objectives. Our aim is to substantiate the genesis of the basic concepts of financial markets and trading practices. Methods. The study employs the evolutionary analysis of both the financial market and the main approaches to its explanation. We assess changes in market processes through structural analysis and identification of drivers, and the logic of ongoing transformations. Results. We underpinned the possibilities and limitations of using traditional financial structures to analyze modern processes associated with the development of algorithmic market procedures. Determining the logic of transitions of conceptual justifications of the financial market, trading practices and technological changes as a single process made it possible to open new research space to study algorithmic-computational transformations of the financial market and the performative function of finance. Conclusions. Analysis of the genesis of the main financial hypotheses and the influence of financial models and structures on the market and its organization enables to conclude about strengthening the performative properties of finance.

Reform of Stock Market Activity in Ukraine

The article examines in detail measures to improve stock market activity in Ukraine, their prerequisites, and consequences. Currently, exchange trading takes place exclusively in the electronic system. The activities of the exchanges are aimed at administering the electronic trading system to ensure its functioning. The mechanisms for carrying out exchange trades have been unified, and the procedure for conducting trades, accreditation, monitoring the execution of contracts, and sanctioning violators has been improved, making it impossible to engage in shadow deals or hide sums to avoid taxes. The exchange acts as a guarantor of the execution of transactions. These measures should contribute to the transparency and formalization of economic transactions, increasing their reliability. Additionally, these improvements are expected to enhance investor confidence, attracting both domestic and international investments. By reducing the opportunities for fraudulent activities and tax evasion, the Ukrainian stock market can achieve greater stability and credibility. Furthermore, the standardization and modernization of trading procedures can streamline operations, making the market more efficient and accessible. This, in turn, could lead to increased market participation and liquidity, fostering a more vibrant and dynamic financial environment. Overall, these reforms are crucial for the sustainable development of Ukraine's stock market and its integration into the global financial system.

Impacts of Regional Integration and Market Liberalization on Bilateral Trade Balances of Selected East African Countries: Potential Implications of the African Continental Free Trade Area

This study examined the effect of free trade on intra-African bilateral trade balances for Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, and Tanzania to assess the potential implications of the African Continental Free Trade area. The four countries have experienced persistent trade deficits. Whether free trade within Africa can improve the national trade balances, and the drivers of bilateral trade balances are important questions for policy and strategic programmes for the countries to make the most gains from free trade area. The econometric model estimated for each country is an extension of the standard Keynesian model of trade balance to include determinants of bilateral trade flows from the gravity model. Quantitative analysis using panel regression was augmented with qualitative data from interviews with trade policy experts and trade officials from various African countries and focus group discussions with small-scale cross-border traders at the Busia and Namanga border posts in East Africa. Findings show that complete tariff elimination on intra–African trade may not impact the bilateral trade balances of Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania but could improve bilateral trade balances for Uganda by 6 percent. Within the free trade areas, Uganda’s bilateral trade balances were higher within the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa but lower within the East African Community, than outside these areas. Kenya’s trade balances were lower in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, than otherwise. On the contrary, no significant difference in trade balances is established for the membership of Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania in the East African Community; Rwanda in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa; and Tanzania in the Southern African Development Community, when compared to trade balances with non-members. The importance of macroeconomic factors is demonstrated by the increase in bilateral trade balances with higher relative price levels of trade partners; the reduction with increase in relative production and expenditure capacities of trade partners; and improvements following a depreciation of home currency for Tanzania and Uganda, yet a worsening of trade balances in Kenya. A lack of harmony in documents required for cross-border movements within the free trade areas is reported as counterproductive. All African countries should therefore fully implement protocols and cooperate in the harmonization of trade procedures for the free movement of people and goods across borders. Country policies and trade programmes should pursue increased productivity in the leading intra-African export sectors and diversify exports via foreign direct investment in strategic sectors to substitute imports from outside Africa; reduce costs of production; increase the quality of products; and improve transport infrastructure.

Analysis the Impact of Technology Innovation, Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Openness and Globalization on CO2 Emissions? Evidence from Developing Nations

The present study explores the effects of Technology Innovation, Foreign Direct Investment, Trade openness and globalization on environmental degradation (CO2 emissions) from 1999-2023 in developing (Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan Bangladesh, Bhutan, and India) Countries. The study employs the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method is applied to reveal the existence of long run and short run relationship between CO2 emissions and its other determinants. A Granger causality test was also used in this investigation to ascertain the direction of causation between the variables. The results found that in Technology innovation and globalization are significantly increase the environmental degradation. The results of the analysis show that Trade openness and Foreign direct investment have a significant but negative effect on environment degradation. It is recommended that the developing nations give preference to sustainable trading procedures by including environmental factors into trade agreements and laws. This can involve promoting environmentally friendly labeling, assisting sustainable supply chains, and reducing trade obstacles for commodities that are good for the environment. Consistent with these empirical findings, this article suggests some vital policy implications in Developing countries to accomplish their sustainable development goals (SDGs).

E-COMMERCE IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

Opportunities abound for divers in the global economic arena, but maintaining a steady footing can be difficult. While combining IB with e-commerce will certainly make things more complicated, it will also make trade easier and eliminate a lot of other problems. The free flow of goods, services, and ideas has flourished as a result of the stronger bonds that have been forged between nations through international trade. Worldwide trade encompasses all economic activities that facilitate the exchange of products, services, people, ideas, and technology beyond national borders. Anything a business does inside its own country is considered to be part of its internal operations. International commerce refers to the purchasing and selling of products and services across international borders, whereas international businesses are those that participate in this activity. Such trade procedures can be owned by a private company or the state. Furthermore, the national economy remains stable. A dangerous country can overcome any obstacle. The strategic planning of a multinational firm should be based on the resources, goals, and objectives of the company. Keywords: International business, e-commerce integration, cross-border trade, rapid development, global relationships, flow of goods and services, cross-border allocation, internal business operations, international commerce, economic stability, strategic development.

Continuous trading strategy based on deep reinforcement learning

Automatic trading policy has been researched with reinforcement learning (RL). Designing a profitable and applicable policy is of great significance for research in quantitative finance. Incoprating with deep learning, typical deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms such as Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) have shown their effectiveness. To improve the practical applicability, the manner in which we train our model should better simulate the dynamic of the stock market. A sliding window training strategy is a better solution, which employes training, validation and trading procedures on dataset with a sliding window. However, this empirical strategy can still be further investigated in algorithm evaluation and the experiment designation such as choice of sliding window. In this paper, we further investigated the continuous trading strategy (CTS). We evaluated the performance of a wider range of algorithms, including PPO, Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C), Soft Actor-Critic (SAC). Moreover, we trained our models on a longer term period. We also provide detailed observations and suggestions on experiment settings. These discussions will facilitate researchers in their future work.

DEVS: Secure and optimal decentralized energy trading scheme for Electric Vehicle and Charging Station using game theory

SummaryWith the advent and popularity of electric vehicles (EVs), the intelligent transportation system has adopted them as an alternative to fossil fuel or gasoline vehicles owing to their benefits of reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However, it becomes critical to schedule the vast EVs at the charging station (CS) efficiently while maintaining security, privacy, and optimality during the energy trading. Therefore, we propose a blockchain and zero‐sum game theory‐based energy trading scheme, that is, DEVS, for optimal and secure EV charging at the CS. We incorporate the Interplanetary File System with the blockchain to ameliorate the cost‐efficiency and reliability of EV energy trading. Furthermore, we implement the zero‐sum game theory between players EV and CS to yield an optimal payoff based on pure and mixed strategies during the energy trading procedure. Moreover, we deploy and execute the smart contract (SC) of the blockchain‐based proposed DEVS scheme in the Remix integrated development environment to secure EV energy trading transactions. Additionally, the security of the proposed DEVS scheme is checked and analyzed using a fuzzing‐based Echidna tool for protected energy trading. Finally, the performance evaluation of the proposed DEVS scheme is analyzed using various standard metrics such as profit comparison based on strategies, energy price comparison, CS profit comparison for pure strategy (based on arrival time), convergence comparison, and profit (EV and CS) at saddle point and mixed strategy to avail preserved and optimal energy trading for EVs.

Canadian Crown corporations and social procurement: Trade commitments and institutional bricolage

AbstractGlobalization has introduced insecurities to individuals and businesses. Countries are pressed to respond to these insecurities with more inclusive visions of globalization. One policy response is social procurement—public purchasing geared to create social value. Canada is embracing this response but faces barriers of its own making. Through the institutional bricolage of procurement trade rules, Canada has constrained its capacity to use social procurement. This is acutely felt by Crown corporations, which are increasingly under the scope of trade treaties. This article details this phenomenon through textual analysis of Canadian procurement trade rules and state enterprise attempts at social procurement.

공정거래사건 집행 관련 쟁점과 개선방안

Several issues are being discussed regarding the enforcement of fair trade cases. First, whether to introduce warrantism in relation to judicial control of fair trade cases. However, the introduction of warrantism into the FTC investigation is to change the FTC investigation system, and it is necessary to take a careful approach in terms of supplementing punishment. However, in order to strengthen judicial control, it is necessary to supplement the regulations for field investigations, guarantee the right to assist lawyers, recognize the right to refuse to state statements, and supplement the right to copy data and access. Second, problems have also been raised about the administrative trial procedure under the Fair Trade Act. Even if an objection under the Fair Trade Act is regarded as the nature of a special administrative trial under the Administrative Trial Act, it may be problematic in terms of independence and fairness of the administrative trial that the disposition agency and the ruling agency are the same. However, it is not desirable in light of the expertise and specificity of the fair trade case to use a decision as a general administrative trial procedure to resolve the issue of independence and fairness. Therefore, it is necessary to devise a plan to deal with objection cases by forming a separate decision committee within the FTC. Finally, whether to introduce a three-trial system is also an issue. The Fair Trade Case is operated by the Seoul High Court and the Supreme Court's two-trial system, which is a global standard adopted by most competition laws, not only in Korea. The introduction of the three-trial system expands the rights of the accused, but on the contrary, side effects are expected, such as not being in line with the purpose of the fair trade system, which needs to quickly restore the competitive order. Therefore, it is desirable to maintain the two-trial system as it is, but even if the two-trial system is maintained, it is necessary to strengthen the independence of the FTC, strengthen fairness and expertise, complete the Fair Trade Procedure Act, and strengthen the expertise of the court.

International Bullion Exchange at GIFT IFSC in India- A Descriptive Study

In the global financial arena, the International Bullion Exchange (IBE) in Gujarat's GIFT (Gujarat International Finance Tec-city City represents a noteworthy advancement. GIFT City, the nation's first operational smart city and hub for international financial services, seeks to establish India as a major player in international finance by fostering an atmosphere that is favorable to global financial services. An essential component that makes it easier to trade precious metals internationally is the IBE. The IBE, which is housed in GIFT City, serves as a marketplace where international buyers and sellers come together to transact in different kinds of precious metals, such as gold, silver, platinum, and palladium. The exchange provides a smooth and transparent platform for players to participate in price discovery, hedging, and investing activities by utilizing cutting-edge technology and infrastructure. India has a long history of being one of the world's biggest consumers of gold, with a connection spanning across cultural, religious, and economic domains. By offering a strong platform for domestic and international stakeholders to participate in gold trading activities, the IBE takes advantage of India's fondness for gold. The exchange seeks to improve market efficiency and facilitate liquidity in the global bullion market by providing transparent trading procedures, effective price discovery mechanisms, and access to a wide range of market players. This study examines GIFT City's evolution, operating structure, market dynamics, and possible ramifications for the world bullion market. The research aims to add to the conversation about the globalization of financial markets and the changing face of commodities trade in the twenty-first century by illuminating this crucial shift.

BLOCKCHAIN AS A MEAN ENHANCING INTERNATIONAL TRADE

The foundation of the world economy is the international commerce system, but it faces difficulties like fraud, inefficiency, and a lack of confidence. The transformational potential of blockchain technology to improve the international trade landscape includes paperwork, delays, and hazards that complex relationships between importers, exporters, financial institutions, and regulatory authorities. Blockchain presents itself as a revolutionary force that provides efficiency, security, and transparency. Blockchain's smart contracts speed up verification of letters of credit (LCs) in trade finance. The precise blockchain security contributes to safety and fraud prevention by thwarting unauthorized access and tampering. This study explores the case studies to determine how blockchain technology might resolve issues, speed up transactions, and restore confidence in the global commerce ecosystem. Blockchain’s use ultimately is able to reshape trade procedures, promoting a climate of dependability, transparency, and cooperative development.

Moving Towards Digital Trade Transformation in Bangladesh Prospects and Challenges for Implementing Digital Trade

Bangladesh is currently making preparations to transform its entire trade onto a digital platform. Bangladesh is prepared to initiate this transformation through the implementation of logistics, legal, technological, and knowledge-based support mechanisms. This study examines the ways by which the implementation of these supports can be compelled within the structure of international frameworks. To find that possible ways the article seeks to evaluate the evidence that supports including updated laws and regulation, customs house etc., the notion that digital trade is predominantly a tradeable and compatible platform, aligning with the established framework of traditional paper-based transactions. This study employs digital technology to investigate the transformative impact it has had on international trade procedures. This research also investigates the effects of digitization in trade transactions on the global competitiveness of Bangladesh. This research also identifies and analyze the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of digital trade in comparison to traditional trade operations, which is associated with the implementation of the Bangladesh Single Window (BSW) system within the entire transformation of trade in ASYCODA (The Automated System for Customs Data) World Systems. The BSW & ASYCODA systems are designed to enhance the interchange of information and promote connectivity between public and commercial trade-related bodies in Bangladesh. To understand the perceptions of the stakeholders’ primary data has collected through a descriptive research where a survey questionnaire has used for this purpose, along with that secondary data sources are also used to achieve the desired outcome. This study finding will enhance our comprehension of the effects of digitization on global trade and offer vital insights that will assist stakeholders in attaining sustainable growth and fostering innovation. The digital trade transition represents a new and promising possibility in the context of Bangladesh in the area of trade transactions. This study identified how a nation undergoes a steady transition from traditional trade practices to digital transformation.

ANALYSIS OF FEATURES OF MEDICATION SUPPLY STRUCTURE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

The changing trade procedures within the healthcare system aim to improve the procurement mechanisms for medical products (MP), means of supplier identification, ways to reduce contract prices, and informational foundation for contracting. Research on the efficiency of MP procurement systems in the federal subjects of the Russian Federation and legislative acts applied to them is especially relevant today. This work aims to compare structural differences in contract-regulated MP procurement systems in the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB). The official website www.zakupki.gov.ru provides data on volumes and structure of MP supply in medical and pharmaceutical organizations of the RB. This paper contains the indexes of supplier and consumer rotation in the RB trade in 2013 and 2017 and a comparative analysis of tenders according to the form of order placement. The authors calculated the efficiency gains of signed contracts and conducted a comparative analysis of the examined tenders in the MP procurement system according to federal legislation (federal laws). The work undertaken allowed the authors to determine development tendencies in the competition among MP suppliers, identify the structural specificity of the MP tenders, and demonstrate their efficiency. The authors present conclusions drawn based on the comparative analysis and provide recommendations on the improvement of MP procurement in the RB. They identify the high potential of the republic to implement digital public auctions as a form of an MP procurement mechanism in accordance with Federal Law No. 223-FZ.

Совершенствование методологии оценки экономической эффективности государственных закупок лекарственных средств

The study raises the issue of evaluating the effectiveness of public procurement, especially procurement of medicines. This topic is relevant, since a significant part of state funding is directed specifically to the healthcare system. In addition, the quality of organization of procurement activities affects the work of hospitals and polyclinics. In this regard, the improvement of the methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of public procurement, particularly procurement of medicines, is critically important. The paper presents the results of statistical analysis showing the need to develop a more comprehensive methodology that takes into account the volume of failed purchases in the context of efficiency assessment. The issue of "repeated" purchases was studied separately, since information about them would allow drawing conclusions about the existing patterns in tenders and the reasons for recognizing a purchase as failed. The methodological novelty is associated with the description of the approach to the formation of a sample for research and the algorithm for identifying "repeated" procurement procedures. All calculations are based on real data on procurement under the Federal Law No. 44-FZ for 2021–2022. The data was aggregated from the Unified Information System for Procurement. A statistical analysis of the scale of failed and repeated purchases in the context of regions, medicines and pharmacotherapeutic groups has been conducted. Based on the analysis, approximate estimates of hidden costs of the state budget related to re-organizing and re-conducting of trade procedures are given. The results of the work can be used for further scientific research in the field of public procurement efficiency, as well as to improve public policy in the field of procurement and provision of medicines.

Strengthening Trade Relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan: Opportunities and Challenges

This paper delves into the complex dynamics of trade relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan, two countries with shared cultural heritage and geographic proximity. Despite these inherent advantages, bilateral trade volumes have remained notably low, hindered by historical, geopolitical, and economic factors. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach including secondary data analysis and interviews with stakeholders, the research identifies and analyzes key obstacles impeding optimal trade relations. The analysis reveals several challenges, including the stalled negotiations on the Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA), non-tariff barriers, and issues in transit trade operations. Afghanistan's ban on Pakistani meat imports, non-tariff barriers on pharmaceutical products, and imposition of export taxes on coal are among the hurdles examined. Furthermore, Pakistan's unilateral measures to enhance trade, such as the Barter Trade Mechanism, are scrutinized alongside issues in transit trade operations, including delays, smuggling, and bureaucratic inefficiencies. The study emphasizes the need for both countries to adopt a cooperative approach, address mutual concerns, and streamline trade procedures to unlock the untapped potential of their economic partnership. Short-to-medium-term recommendations include finalizing the APTTA, improving border crossing points, and enhancing customs cooperation. In the medium-to-long term, the paper suggests pursuing regional transit trade agreements, investing in infrastructure projects like the Trans Afghan Railway, and advancing multilateral connectivity initiatives. Ultimately, the paper underscores the significance of economic cooperation between Pakistan and Afghanistan in fostering regional stability and prosperity. By addressing the identified challenges and implementing the recommended measures, both countries can bolster their trade relations, unlock economic opportunities, and contribute to broader regional connectivity and development goals.

Compliance Verification of Photovoltaic Solar Components: The Case of the Laboratory for Quality Control of Photovoltaic Solar Components (LCQS) in Senegal

Africa is a region rich in natural resources but some of its regions are landlocked and the potential exists for significant regional trade. However, integration and trade in the region remains limited despite the efforts of regional institutions to encourage this integration. In general, the quality of goods traded and collected is rather low, import controls are too strict and trade procedures are dexterously cumbersome. Governments create the conditions and rules for the functioning of markets and private enterprises and ensure the well-being of communities and individuals. It is in this context of consumer protection that quality assurance is important. In the case of solar photovoltaic components, these checks are carried out by conformity tests carried out in a laboratory. Our compliance tests were carried out at the Laboratory for Quality Control of Solar photovoltaic components (LCQS) of the Centre for Renewable Energy Studies and Research (CERER) at the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar (UCAD). The study of the modules focuses on the electrical performance characteristics in the case of short circuit current, open circuit voltage, form factor, maximum power, current and voltage (I-V) and voltage power (P-V). The study of the controllers concerns the efficiency of charge and discharge, here the average efficiency in charge is 96.45% and that in landfill is 96.11%.

Multi-Stage Bargaining of Smart Grid Energy Trading Based on Cooperative Game Theory

Due to global warming and climate change, it is essential to produce power using renewable sources, such as solar, wind, fuel cells, etc. The traditional grid shifts towards the smart grid by infusing digital communication techniques and information technology. As the current power system is shifting towards a smart grid, the utility and prosumers participate in the energy trading process. Due to the distributed nature of the smart grid, providing a fair price among them is becoming a difficult task. The article introduces a model for energy trading in a smart grid by allowing participants to negotiate in multiple stages using a game-theory-based multi-stage Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS). The model’s application of game theory enables the participants to decide on a mutually acceptable price, thereby encouraging the utility, private parties and prosumers (those who are able to generate and consume energy) to participate in the trading process. Since all parties participate in the trading procedure, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced. The proposed model also balances the benefits of consumers and producers in the final agreed fixed price. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed work, we compare the analytical results with feed-in-tariff (FiT) techniques in terms of consumers’ energy bills and producers’ revenue. For experimental analysis, 20 participants are considered, where the percentage reduction in the bill of each consumer and the percentage increment of revenue of each producer are compared to FiT. On average, the overall bill of the consumer is reduced by 32.8%, and the producers’ revenue is increased by 64.83% compared to FiT. It has been shown further that the proposed model shows better performance as compared to FiT with an increase in the number of participants. The analysis of carbon emission reduction in the proposed model has been analyzed, where, for 10 participants, the carbon emission reduction is approximately 28.48 kg/kWh, and for 100 participants is 342.397 kg/kWh.

A Systematic Review on Marketing Strategies of China’s Import Cross-border E-commerce B2C Platforms

With the continuous progress of Internet information technology and the further strengthening of Internet popularity in China, the evolving circumstance of its cross-border e-commerce platforms is presently fully operating. In particular, the B2C platforms for import cross-border e-commerce are developing rapidly. This article first provides a brief introduction to the development status of China's import cross-border e-commerce. It then reviews and synthesizes relevant literature about imported cross-border e-commerce. Based on the collation of literature, this article analyses existing marketing strategies of B2C platforms within the import cross-border e-commerce industry and comprehends the relevant marketing problems generated by these platform providers via two identified case analyses. Finally, combined with the current status of international trade procedures and cross-border e-commerce development trends, the corresponding marketing strategy improvement is proposed.

The Current Issues of Trade Cooperation Between the EAEU and China

INTRODUCTION. The EAEU, as a subject of international law, undergoes a process of integration cooperation with states. Interaction of the EAEU with countries is characterized by a variety of forms and despite the fact that it relies on the legal experience of most international organizations, nevertheless it chooses its own exclusive way. One example of a fruitful partnership, although not unambiguous on some issues, is the cooperation between the EAEU and the PRC. The purpose of this article is to trace the realization of the economic potential of the EAEU and the PRC to create the Silk Road Economic Belt as part of the PRC's global initiative "One Belt, One Road. In addition, to analyze the interlinking of expectations and economic reasons for this of each of the EAEU member states.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research uses various documents of international legal nature, including international treaties, doctrinal sources and national legislation of foreign countries. The research is carried out with the use of general scientific and special scientific methods. In the process of legal analysis and forecasting methods of legal modeling were used.RESEARCH RESULTS. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the international legal framework of economic cooperation between the EAEU and the PRC and also formulates recommendations for improving this mechanism. The overland economic corridors and their correlation with the opportunities of EAEU member states within the framework of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative are analyzed in detail, as well as the results of each EAEU country's participation in this project. In addition, the initiatives of China, the so-called "Digital Silk Road" and the interest of EAEU member states in this direction are considered. In addition, the author conducts a legal examination of the basic agreements signed between the EAEU and the PRC.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The study of the problems and prospects of cooperation between the EAEU and its member countries allows us to note the systematic nature of the EAEU's activities in the field of integration interaction with third countries. At the same time, the variety of forms of cooperation allows the EAEU to respond flexibly to the level of readiness of one or another country to simplify trade procedures. The author concludes that, structurally, the process of pairing the EAEU and the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) occurs both as an interlinking of integration initiatives' development agendas and as cooperation with individual EAEU countries. The article emphasizes the inefficiency of a bilateral format of the EAEU member states' accession to the SREB initiative. Considering the legal basis for cooperation between the EAEU and the PRC, the author notes a consistent algorithm of joint actions at the current stage of integration. Nevertheless, for the future it is necessary to develop other formats of international cooperation, which would not be geographically contingent, but would ensure effective coordination between different economic blocs of states, including those at different stages (forms) of integration. We should note the topicality of the digital agenda of mutually beneficial cooperation for both the PRC and the EAEU countries on a long-term basis.