Trade Enterprises Research Articles

Strategic challenges in retail sales

The outbreak of a full-scale war has shaken up the domestic economy, including the retail sector, which performs important tasks for the state. This was a significant blow to the country, as the retail sector is one of the largest emp­loyers in many countries around the world. It also contributes to the overall growth of production and economic develop­ment in general, generates significant tax revenues, etc. However, despite the continuation of martial law, the retail sector is working to normalize processes and adapt to future challenges. For these reasons, the hypothesis is formulated that current trends should meet the challenges of retail, compensate for losses through new approaches and solutions. To achieve this hypo­thesis, general scientific and special research methods such as analysis and synthesis, system-structural analysis and generalization were used. The key strategic challenges for modern retailers, such as climate change, staff shortages, pressure on supply chains, and martial law in Ukraine, are investigated. It is found that the main trends in the market are aimed at digitalizing the work of companies, their optimization, to create a comfortable environ­ment that can meet the needs of the modern consumer. Modern retailers should work not only on the quality of products and services, but also on the brand and policy, which should intersect with the current values of consumers. Such trends can reduce the impact of negative phenomena on the work of trade enterprises, as they are able to reduce losses and the need to attract new employees. It was found that the nearest forecasts are related to the introduction of artificial intelligence and other digital technologies in retail operations, the expansion of the influence of companies in the virtual environment, and the personalization of products for certain categories of the population. The conducted research makes it possible to characterize the retail of the future, to determine what features a modern business should possess in order to remain competitive on the market.

Empowerment of Financial Literacy in the Era of Digitalization 5.0 MSME Trade at the Bandung City Chamber of Commerce

Technological developments have brought us to an era where digital financial literacy has become very important, especially for people accustomed to the digital world. In today's digital era, skills in managing finances are no longer enough just to count money conventionally. The micro, small, and medium enterprises sector plays a vital role in the national economy, especially in creating jobs and increasing people's income. Based on this, the Community Service implementation team held training and outreach activities with the theme Empowering Financial Literacy in the Era of Digitalization 5.0 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Trade at the Bandung City Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Community Service Activities in the form of presenting material regarding Financial Literacy Empowerment in the Digitalization Era 5.0 will be held on July 31 2024. 15 Bandung City KADIN Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise partners who attended this activity have businesses in the culinary, fashion, service and trade sectors. The activities went well based on the evaluation results, and the training materials were based on work needs. A follow-up to this activity is the need for a sustainability program with the help of lecturers from the Faculty of Economics and Business, Widyatama University and KADIN Bandung City to help partners in the field of Financial Technology so that partners and the community can maximize training and development of financial literacy, especially for MSMEs in the Era-based trade sector. Digital 5.0 is vital because the micro, small, and medium enterprises sector is essential in advancing the country's economy.

Механізми тактичного управління торговельних підприємств на основі використання їх потенціалу в умовах розвитку е-бізнесу

The article is devoted to determining the essence and features of tactical management mechanisms of trading enterprises based on the use of their potential in the context of e-business development. It has been investigated that the electronic business market is currently developing, as evidenced by the increasing number of enterprises in the online sales market, the growth in sales volumes, and their share in the total trade volume. The advantages and disadvantages of trading enterprises transitioning to digital platforms are identified, along with the main threats that hinder effective development in this field, including war and logistics disruptions, the introduction of legislative restrictions, currency exchange rate instability, globalization of competition, etc. These threats necessitate optimizing strategies and appropriate tactical management mechanisms for trading and other business processes. It has been determined that the tactical mechanisms of trade activity in the electronic commerce market, based on the utilization of enterprise potential, are a set of measures and tools aimed at achieving the long-term development goals of the enterprise, as outlined in the strategy for market penetration and development in the e-business market, which involves the effective use of enterprise potential. These mechanisms ensure flexibility and efficiency in implementing strategic plans, contributing to adaptation to changes in the market environment and maintaining competitive advantages. It is noted that managing a trading company in the context of entering the e-commerce market requires an integrated approach that encompasses comprehensive marketing, operational, and financial mechanisms. The marketing mechanism includes brand promotion, assortment management, pricing, CRM, multichannel sales, and market analysis. Operational mechanisms involve optimizing the website, managing online advertising, implementing order management systems and efficient logistics, and using CRM tools to maintain customer relationships. Financial mechanisms focus on managing cash flows, optimizing costs, evaluating pricing strategies, and managing financial risks, ensuring the company’s stable growth and competitiveness. Keywords: trade enterprises, e-business, tactical management mechanisms, e-commerce, digital tools, trade enterprise strategy, enterprise potential, transfer potential, competitiveness.

Capitalization of a corporate trade enterprise: the genesis of the definition and approaches to management

The paper identifies the genesis of theories of capitalization, which demonstrates the evolution of economic thought from simple ideas of wealth accumulation to complex models that take into account technological innovation, human capital, and institutional factors. It is shown that the development of individual theories reflects a fundamental understanding of the laws of formation, distribution and use of capital to stimulate economic growth and development. It was established that capitalization as an economic category is an important indicator of the financial potential of enterprises and markets, derived from the theories of capital, value, and resources. The main forms of capitalization are defined: financial, market, internal. Management of capitalization processes and results focuses on taking into account internal and external factors. This logic allows enterprises to adapt to post-industrial changes, increase their competitiveness and ensure sustainable growth in the conditions of a globalized economy. It has been proven that the effective management of the capitalization of the enterprise includes a comprehensive approach that covers financial planning, investment management, optimization of working capital, capital attraction, restructuring and implementation of innovations. The use of these methods allows enterprises to grow and increase their competitiveness. It is argued that the increase in capitalization is a strategic task for trade enterprises, which ensures their long-term growth and development based on the activation of investment activities by renewing assets, introducing the latest technologies, expanding the range of goods and improving the efficiency of operations. The concepts of anti-crisis management, category management, and integrated risk management are systematized, within the framework of which the equity of a corporate trading enterprise is considered the main source of capitalization growth. Their practical use requires the formalization of the relationship between the amount and level of equity capital with indicators of financial status, risk assessment, business activity and sales volume.

Особенности налогообложения интернет-торговли

The article discusses new forms of platform interaction: online store and marketplace. To these concepts are given the definitions/ Was identified fundamental distinctive feature such as the transfer of the product ownership. An analysis of trading enterprises was carried out and those types of enterprises that implement distance trading were identified. Important attention in the article is paid to the issue of income generation as the object of tax and accounting. An example of the formation of income in the book of accounting of income and expenses (KUDiR) is given. In conclusion, the main threats to the taxpayer are presented in view of the specific application of accounting provisions.

Business activity and risks of trading enterprises: the dialectic of the relationship

The paper defines the content of the definition of «business activity» in a broad and narrow sense, the components of its assessment are indicators of logistical, commercial, financial, and investment activities. It is shown that regular assessment and analysis of the business activity of a trading enterprise allows timely detection of problems, optimization of the use of resources, increasing the efficiency of its activity and making informed management decisions. It is shown that risk is an integral part of the economic activity of trading enterprises, which requires special attention and management efforts to ensure the stability and development of enterprises. Approaches to the creation of a complex risk management system with the selection of individual components, the integration of which will ensure the stability and sustainability of trading enterprises in conditions of uncertainty and rapid changes in the market environment, are proposed. A set of measures that will contribute to improving the competitiveness of trade enterprises and increasing their ability to adapt to changes in the economic environment are substantiated. Implementation of the proposed tools will allow trade enterprises to better understand and analyze the needs of their customers, thereby ensuring more efficient work in a risk-oriented environment. The principles of the use of digital technologies in the economy of a commercial enterprise are proposed, including such elements as big data analytics, marketing automation, personalized communications and the integration of various sales channels. This provides the ability to quickly adapt to changes in the market situation, reducing risks and increasing the efficiency of business processes of a trading company. It has been proven that the intensification of business activity and the reduction of risks of trade enterprises require a systematic approach, which includes strategic planning, innovation, effective management of resources and risk minimization. Implementation of the proposed strategies will help trading enterprises to increase their competitiveness, reduce risks and ensure stable development in conditions of market uncertainty.

Cloud Technologies as a Tool for Increasing Sales in Modern Trade Organizations.

In the context of increasing business digitalization and the need to adapt to the challenges of the digital economy, cloud technologies are becoming a key tool for enhancing the efficiency and competitiveness of trade organizations. This study is dedicated to analyzing the prospects and opportunities for using cloud solutions to increase sales in the trade sector. The article discusses the main models of cloud service provision, their advantages, and their impact on various tasks in the activities of trading enterprises. Special attention is given to the capabilities of cloud technologies in improving analytics, managing customer relationships, and implementing an omnichannel interaction strategy. The research concludes that the implementation of cloud solutions contributes to increased sales, cost optimization, and the formation of competitive advantages for trade organizations, setting the foundation for sustainable growth and development in the conditions of digital transformation and the increasing digital divide.

ЦИФРОВІ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ПРОГРАМ ЛОЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ТОРГІВЛІ

The development of retail, due to the emergence of new modern digital tools, is changing approaches to ensuring and managing consumer loyalty within the framework of the implementation of the concept of relationship marketing. Loyalty programs implemented by retail enterprises need to be transformed to ensure interaction with consumers in all available channels using the capabilities of artificial intelligence, machine learning and Big Data. The purpose of the article is to determine the prerequisites and directions of transformation of loyalty programs in accordance with the possibilities of using digital tools relevant for retail to ensure interaction with consumers within the omnichannel approach. The object of the research is loyalty programs of retail trade enterprises as a set of tools aimed at strengthening the positive experience of interaction with consumers and increasing their level of satisfaction with the offered services. The methods used in the research. Here are used methods of categorical analysis and synthesis to study theoretical approaches to determining the essence and features of omnichannel loyalty programs. In addition, the description of the transformation of loyalty programs required the use of the observation method to display market trends and vectors of their influence on the specified process, as well as specification - to highlight and characterize relevant digital tools. Research hypothesis. The development of technologies and the emergence of new digital tools in retail, along with changes in purchasing consumers’ behavior, necessitates the transformation of loyalty programs. The expediency of interacting with consumers at all possible touch points determines the relevance of an omnichannel loyalty program. Presenting main material. In order to form consumer loyalty, trade enterprises must ensure a high level of their satisfaction with the service process, which is associated with the use of influence opportunities with the help of special programs. Factors in the marketing environment change consumer requirements for loyalty programs, the use of new digital tools in retail allows for effective interaction within the scope of the omnichannel approach. The originality and practical significance of the research lies in proving the relevance of the transformation of loyalty programs using digital tools. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. The omnichannel loyalty program allows to increase the efficiency of retail trade enterprises. Digital tools implemented in omnichannel loyalty programs and the specifics of their application, in our opinion, are the subject of separate researches.

Ocena wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na chińską gospodarkę i przedsiębiorstwa handlu zagranicznego z perspektywy zrównoważonego rozwoju

The COVID-19 epidemic has had a significant effect on China's economy and mainly on foreign trade enterprises. This virus has affected the social economy and business performance, becoming a primary test of governance aptitude and the national governance system. As a result, a neural network can be used to study and analyze the economic and social development during the COVID-19 epidemic. Good nonlinear forecasting can be achieved using neural network techniques since they overcome the limitations of traditional forecasting methods. Economic forecasts usually have great uncertainty and are affected by factors with complex relationships. However, using the B.P. network on economic forecasts can have a good forecasting effect. Economic analysis in the context of the new crown epidemic will provide more reference to future complex emergencies. However, countermeasures have been established based on financial institutions, governments, and enterprises. These measures are formulated to cope with the challenges faced by foreign trade enterprises based on the scrutiny of international public emergencies. They include exploration of international cooperation, advancing the new open economy system, speeding up transformation and upgrading, and perfecting the public safety emergency system. Other measures include cooperatively promoting high-quality development of foreign trade enterprises, enabling internal capacities to improve management capabilities, and establishing an external environment based on environmental perfection of the rule of law and policy. However, countermeasures have been established based on financial institutions, governments, and enterprises. These measures are formulated to cope with the challenges faced by foreign trade enterprises based on the scrutiny of international public emergencies. They include exploration of international cooperation, advancing the new open economy system, speeding up transformation and upgrading, and perfecting the public safety emergency system. Other measures include cooperatively promoting high-quality development of foreign trade enterprises, enabling internal capacities to improve management capabilities, and establishing an external environment based on environmental perfection of the rule of law and policy

ОСВЕЩЕНИЕ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ КАТЕГОРИИ «PHYSICAL EVIDENCE» КОМПЛЕКСА МАРКЕТИНГА

The article reveals the concept of «marketing complex» and its main components. The main directions of the influence of lighting as a tool in the «physical evidence» category on marketing activities are considered. The main features are highlighted and examples of effective lighting of product groups of retail trade enterprises in the Irkutsk region are given

SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF ADIDAS-UKRAINE DURING THE ESCALATION OF MILITARY ACTIONS IN UKRAINE

The topicality of the topic lies in determining the perspective of adaptation of enterprises to the challenges dictated by military actions, including the annexation of business territories, destruction of fixed assets, migration of workers, constant risk to life and health. The main idea of the work is to develop recommendations for the private sector to continue working in Ukraine after a full-scale invasion, in order to provide the population with jobs, high-quality goods and services, and faith in the bright future of the state. The war caused troubles and cataclysms in the domestic economy as a whole and in the market of consumer goods, in particular, because a large part of trading points, shops, pavilions was destroyed and cannot be restored. Significant minus factors of the profitable activity of the private sector are the annexation of territories led to the usurpation of the fixed assets of trade enterprises, including; decrease in the number of the workforce – personnel of organizations; decrease in demand for clothes and accessories of popular brands, due to changes in values and financial capabilities; mass migration of potential consumers of the sports goods and services market; the lack of profits causes the predominance of the expense part of the balance sheet and, accordingly, the unprofitability of the activity; withdrawal from the consumer goods market of companies with a higher level of prices and product quality. The war also necessitated the reorientation of production to military lines, and therefore goods and services for civilians are not a priority; forced closure of shops, warehouses, sales points in the aggressor country; growing consumer sensitivity to the enterprise's business policy, the level of its assistance in achieving victory; and increased the global need to help the population, even in the face of the prospect of bankruptcy and withdrawal from the country's consumer market and increased tax pressure. And, in the end, it led to a decrease in the possibilities of receiving state orders, grants, subsidies, quotas.

Increasing the efficiency of inventory management in the field of trade based on integrated BI and ERP technologies

The article explores the possibilities of improving the efficiency of inventory management in the trade sector by integrating business intelligence (BI) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) technologies. The article considers a model of combination of these technologies, systemises their advantages and limitations related to determination of economic efficiency of such integration on the basis of analysis of practical cases in three aspects related to information technology, economics and management. The study uses the methods of systematisation, analysis, synthesis, grouping, integrated ABC-XYZ analysis and case analysis. Further research is aimed at generalising practical cases in order to determine the prospects for the introduction of integrated technologies in the activities of trade enterprises. Particular attention is paid to optimising inventory management and increasing productivity through the use of business analysis tools and automation of operational planning and accounting processes. The practical value of the study lies in developing ways to rationalise inventory management, which will allow companies to formulate a procurement plan; plan an appropriate budget of income and expenses to avoid unforeseen costs and insolvency crises; improve cost management processes by drawing attention to the goods that account for the largest share of costs, as well as those characterised by high unpredictability of demand. This information is important for internal financial accounting, budgeting, operational and strategic planning.

Exploring the Development Trends of the International Consumer Market Based on Economic Globalization

It is well-known that international trade is crucial for a country's economic status on the global stage, prompting nations to focus on the development of their trade sectors. Various measures are employed to compete for shares in the international market. For example, some economies, in pursuit of national interests, resort to trade barriers, which impacts the liberalization of trade. Currently, the global economic development trend is unclear, and the international trade environment is becoming increasingly complex with the emergence of new technologies and demands, leading to new trends in international trade. In this context, international trade enterprises must actively engage in this trend, grasp the new development trends, and bravely face challenges. This paper mainly discusses the basic concepts of economic globalization and international trade, analyzes the development trends of international trade under economic globalization, and proposes the current status and strategies for international trade development under the backdrop of economic globalization.

Branding of retail enterprises

Branding is an integral part of the promotion and development of goods by retail trade enterprises (RTE). A comprehensive branding process is a key success factor, as it allows enterprises to identify themselves among compe­titors and attract a larger target audience. In this direction, it is important to substantiate the use of branding models aimed at increasing the competitiveness and RTE profitability. The aim of the article is to define the key concepts, the main components of branding, to substan­tiate the construction of a branding model and to characterize its elements. The following general scientific research methods were used such as analysis and synthesis, to present the main brand attributes; branding models and their characte­ristics; empirical, system and structural analysis and graphical display. The key concepts and basic branding principles have been defined, the main attributes (appearance of the product, its physical characteristics, brand name, logo, slogan, color scheme, fonts, character, music and sounds, related attributes) of the RTE brands have been analyzed. The process of choosing a positioning and its role in brand formation has been considered. The comparative characteristic of branding models has been presented, the main components, advantages and disadvantages of each model have been indicated. Based on the results, the author has developed his own model of RTE brand formation. The main advantages of using the developed model by the RTE and the main differences from other models have been indicated

Food Supply in Bashkortostan during Great Patriotic War: Failures and Violations

This study examines the disruptions in the operations of state trade enterprises and consumer cooperatives in providing food to the population of Bashkortostan during the Great Patriotic War. The article is based on unpublished documents from the National Archives of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as materials from periodicals. It is revealed that the weakening of the state’s control functions led to an increase in embezzlement and theft in trade and public catering enterprises. The combination of reduced trade turnover and the rise in abuses within the supply system resulted in severe food shortages. Supply disruptions affected workers, officials, evacuated populations, children, and medical institutions. Various abuses are discussed, including food ration card counterfeiting, different forms of self-supply, and instances of double provisioning. Attention is given to violations in accounting for population groups and inflated supply norms. It is established that combating abuses in the supply system was complicated by the involvement of enterprise leaders, shop workers, accountants, and representatives of auditing bodies in criminal activities. The conclusion is drawn that despite numerous violations, the supply system only minimally provided essential food items to the population of Bashkortostan with interruptions and not in full.

Pollution Emission Intensity and Domestic Value-Added Rate of Firms' Exports: An Empirical Analysis Based on China’s Microdata

Abstract With the development of global economic integration, global value chains (GVC) have become the mainstay of the global economy. China's low-end embedded model relying on its labor advantage can no longer bring new economic benefits, and the ensuing environmental problems are intensifying. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore a win-win path for the greening of China's economy and the improvement of GVC status. Using micro-firm data, the article explores the role of pollution emission intensity of China's firms in influencing the domestic value-added rate of their exports. The study finds that (1) the increase of pollution emission intensity of Chinese enterprises has a significant inhibiting effect on their export domestic value-added rate; (2) the pollution emission intensity of Chinese enterprises under different regions, different ownership and different trading methods has differentiated effects on their export domestic value-added rate. Among them, the pollution emission intensity of state-owned enterprises, enterprises in western regions and processing trade enterprises have a more significant inhibitory effect on the domestic value-added rate of their exports; (3) the increase of total factor productivity of enterprises can slow down the negative effect of enterprise pollution emission intensity on the domestic value-added rate of its export. Keywords: Enterprise Pollution Emission Intensity, Export Domestic Value-Added Rate, Global Value Chain Embeddedness.

Do luxury brands have to trade off for sustainability?

ABSTRACT In today’s global landscape, sustainability emerges as a paramount concern for both individuals and businesses worldwide, including Vietnam. Vietdata reports that luxury distribution and trading enterprises in Vietnam saw a 67% revenue gain to about 25,000 billion copper from 2021. Twelve companies selling 34 luxury brands including Louis Vuitton, Chanel, and Dior generated this data. Thus, luxury sector stakeholders may be interested in Vietnamese consumers’ tastes and purchase behavior, which local research rarely examines. This study explores how sustainability and high-end fashion intersect to meet consumer tastes that increasingly prioritize sustainability in purchase decisions. Despite this trend, the research scrutinizes nuanced reactions when juxtaposing sustainability with luxury. Investigating the influence of factors like exclusivity, conformity, hedonic value, and attitude on the purchase intentions of Vietnamese luxury consumers toward sustainable fashion brands, the study surveyed around 300 luxury consumers in HoChiMinh City. Utilizing PLS-SEM for analysis, findings underscore the pivotal role of attitude in driving intention towards sustainable high-end fashion, followed by hedonic value, exclusivity, and conformity. This exploration aims to guide luxury brands in navigating the sustainability-traditional luxury dichotomy, offering theoretical and practical insights and profiling potential influential customers in sustainable high-end fashion.

INNOVATIVE ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT AT TRADE ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AND RISKS IN UKRAINE

The article examines the activities of commercial enterprises during the crisis caused by the war, the coronavirus, and the European integration aspirations of Ukraine as a candidate for membership in the European Union. Despite the significant number of publications on anti-crisis policy, there are still unresolved problems related to risk management in the process of ensuring the anti-crisis policy of trade enterprises in the global economic uncertainty. Most of the companies in this sector suffered collapse and bankruptcy due to the complexity of operating conditions during this difficult period: power cuts, labour migration, changes in international and domestic supply conditions, selection of new suppliers, destruction of road and warehouse infrastructure, and the search for new logistics routes. The aim of this article is to offer practical recommendations that will help retailers strengthen their resilience, adapt to the changing environment through innovative crisis management measures, and quickly recover from the crisis to reach or exceed the previous level of financial and operational stability. The research methodology involves a two-pronged approach: a qualitative study through a literature review and interviews, which gives an idea of crisis management, and quantitative methods, including surveys and analysis of financial indicators. The article examines the activities of trade enterprises in the crisis period of the pre-war years, i.e., the time of the pandemic's impact on the dynamics of trade. It analyses the losses of retailers during the war. The objectives of crisis financial management are defined. The relationship between crisis management and the solvency and financial stability of trade enterprises is determined. The impact of insolvency of trade enterprises on the payment of wages to employees is identified. The authors propose a number of anti-crisis measures for trade enterprises in the context of wartime and a global pandemic, such as transition to online trading using marketing strategies and plans, cost reduction, effective inventory management, modelling the sensitivity of financial indicators to changes in the external environment, and search for innovative opportunities. Attention is focused on the growing role of human capital in business recovery, including the importance of staff training and professional development, improvement of motivation systems and human resource management. The paper suggests ways to increase labour productivity, such as process automation and the effective use of data analytics. Results. Thus, the objective need for innovative tools for crisis management of trade enterprises becomes a key element of research in the context of European integration and wartime.

Digital finance and enterprise trade and investment: The moderating effect of CEO characteristics

This research primarily focuses on examining the relationship between digital finance and corporate investment. Based on a sample of publicly listed companies in China from 2011 to 2022, we find a significant positive relationship between the development of digital finance and cross-border trade and investment of enterprises. Moreover, executive characteristics can profoundly moderate the main relationship we identified. Specifically, the positive relationship is more evident among firms with older CEOs and long-tenured CEOs. Our results are robust to a series of econometric tests. Our research contributes to the literature on digitalization and corporate investment.

Digital product import and domestic value-added ratio of export: Theory and demonstration

Based on the matching of the database of China Industry Business Performance and China Customs Trade from 2000 to 2013, this paper constructs the digital product import index, and adopts the method of panel data modeling to systematically investigate the impact and mechanism of digital product import on the domestic value-added rate of Chinese enterprises' export from the theoretical and empirical aspects. The research finds that the import of digital products significantly promotes the improvement of the domestic value-added rate of enterprises' export, and the core conclusion is still valid after considering the endogeneity of variables, changing the measurement index and estimation method. The mechanism test finds that the import of digital products improves the domestic value-added rate of enterprises' export through two channels: cost markup and relative price. In addition, the heterogeneity test finds that the import of digital products has a stronger effect on the improvement of the domestic value-added rate of enterprises' export in non-export enterprises, pure general trading enterprises, foreign-funded enterprises, labor-intensive enterprises and enterprises in the eastern region.