Tract Infections In Hospitalized Children Research Articles

Case-control study on risk factors for upper respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children with mental disorders

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of upper respiratory tract infection in hospita-lized children with mental disorders, and to analyze the risk factors for nosocomial infection, so as to provide reference for clinical treatment and prevention and control of nosocomial infection(NI). Methods The NI of 1 587 hospitalized children at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from January to December 2016 was investigated and a retrospective study was conducted on 78 hospitalized children with nosocomial upper respiratory tract infection.In a ratio of 12, the patients with mental disorders during the same time at hospital, without the occurrence of hospital infection, with same gender and same age group, were selected as the control group, then the univariate regression analysis and multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis were carried out. Results Of the 1 587 cases, 86 cases were NI, and the incidence of NI infection was 5.42%.Among them, the upper respiratory tract infection accounted for 83.87%(78 cases). Univariate conditional Logistic regression analysis indicated that the type of disease, hospitalization days, insight, rehabilitation activities, hand hygiene habits, self-support ability, eating habits, management mode, seasonal and environmental conditions were the risk factors for upper respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children with mental disorders (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the odds ratio(OR) of autumn and winter, poor self-support ability, no insight, poor hand hygiene habits, longer hospitalization days (over 14 d), severe mental illness were 19.627 (5.391-23.518), 12.835 (3.436-18.715), 5.427 (1.879-16.921), 3.752 (1.743-16.864), 3.618 (1.659-12.671), 3.361 (1.478-10.527), respectively, which were significantly associated with the occurrence of upper respiratory infection, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions The season, self-support ability, insight, hand hygiene habits, days hospitalization, and disease type are the independent risk factors for upper respiratory infection in hospitalized children with mental disorders, positively controlling and eliminating of independent risk factors for upper respiratory tract may reduce its incidence in the inpationt children. Key words: Mental disorder; Hospitalized child; Nosocomial upper respiratory tract infection; Risk factor; Case-control study

Etiology of acute respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children in Suzhou from 2005 to 2011

To elucidate the etiology of acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) in hospitalized children in Suzhou from 2005 to 2011. A total of 10 243 hospitalized children with ARI in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from September 2005 to October 2011 were enrolled in the study. The clinical information was collected; and the nasopharyngeal aspiration fluid and serum samples were sent for multi-pathogen detection. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus type A and B (IV-A, IV-B), parainfluenza virus type 1-3 (PIV-1-PIV-3) and adenovirus (ADV) were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay. Human bocavirus (HBoV), mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) were detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR while human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Sputum culture was applied to detect bacterial infection and quantitative ELISA was adopted to detect the specific antibodies of MP and CP. The results of the above detections were analyzed, and thereby to explore the prevalent pathogens among different aging children and the seasonal distribution and characteristics of the disease. At least one type of pathogen was detected in 5871 out of 10 243 hospitalized children and the overall positive rate was 57.32%; including 3326 virus samples with positive rate at 32.47% (3326/10 243), 2870 bacteria samples with positive rate at 28.02% (2870/10 243) and 2759 atypical pathogen samples,with positive rate at 26.94% (2759/10 243). MP was the most common pathogen,whose detected rate was 25.74% (2637/10 243). The median age of children with RSV (6 months) or PIV-3(8 months) infection was younger than the median age of all hospitalized children (12 months) (χ(2) = 380.992, 34.826, P < 0.05). While the median age of children with ADV (42 months), HBoV (14 months) or IV-A (24 months) infection was older than it of all hospitalized children (χ(2) = 83.583, 13.169, 18.012, P < 0.05). The median age of children with MP (30 months),streptococcus pneumoniae (17 months) or haemophilus parainfluenzae (21 months) infection was older than it of all hospitalized children (χ(2) = 728.299, 60.463, 8.803, P < 0.05). The detected rate of RSV in the groups of children aging less than 6 months, 7-12 months, 2-3 years, 4-5 years and over 6 years was separately 25.59% (840/3283), 17.05% (333/1953), 11.85% (310/2615), 6.68% (90/1347), and 2.87% (30/1045); which decreased while the age grew (χ(2) = 178.46, P < 0.01). Conversely, the positive rate of MP increased with the age growing (χ(2) = 379.21, P < 0.01). The rate in the above groups was 8.25% (271/3283), 19.46% (380/1953), 33.00% (863/2615), 41.43% (558/1347), 54.07% (565/1045), respectively. RSV and IV-A were prevalent in winter, whose detected rates were 35.73% (941/2634) and 4.44% (117/2634) respectively.hMPV infection was common in spring, with the detected rate at 10.55% (278/2634); while HBoV infection was common in summer and autumn, with the positive rate at 9.99% (149/1491) and 9.71% (98/1009). MP and CP were frequently detected in summer, up to 31.27% (819/2619) and 10.07% (43/427) respectively. RSV was the most common pathogen in bronchiolitis (33.27% (866/2603)) and MP was the most common pathogen in bronchopneumonia (26.05% (1152/4422)) and lober pneumonia (52.25% (267/511)). MP and RSV were the most common pathogens in respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children. The novel virus included hMPV and HBoV, which also played an important role in ARI. Different pathogens were prevalent in different ages; with respective seasonal distribution and characteristics.

Clinical and laboratory aspects of urinary tract infections in hospitalized children

Background: urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common disease of urinary system and second common infection in children. Approximately, 5% of girls and 1% of boys have experienced a UTI by 11 years of age. The aim of this study was to determine clinical and laboratory aspects of urinary tract infection in hospitalized children in Razi Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran during 2001-2005. Methods: This study is a descriptive one considered to evaluate profiles of 462 patients with UTI. UTI was defined as WBC>5 per high power microscopic field and positive culture or passive U/A , clinical symptoms and positive urine culture. Finding data were analyzed using SPSS (13) software. Results: Among 462 patients, 306 cases (66%) were female and 156 cases (34%) were male (f/m=1.94). 69.4% of patients were under 2 year and 13.8% of them were older than 5 years. The sonographic findings were normal in 216/392 (55%) of patients. The organisms isolated in urine culture were Ecoli in 240 (53%), Proteus in 34(7%) and klebsiella in 29 (6%) of subjects. The most common manifestation of UTI was fever (48%). In addition, in 81 cases there was an other infection associated with UTI that gastroenteritis was the most common associated infection. Discussion: Based on prevalence of fever in UTI, we recommend urinalysis as one of the primary tests in evaluation of febrile children under 2 years (especially in girls). Pyuria with high sensitivity can confirm UTI. Presence of other infections cannot exclude the diagnosis of UTI.