Tracelessness Condition Research Articles

On self-dual Carrollian conformal nonlinear electrodynamics

In this work, we study the duality symmetry group of Carrollian (nonlinear) electrodynamics and propose a family of Carrollian ModMax theories, which are invariant under Carrollian SO(2) electromagnetic (EM) duality transformations and conformal transformation. We define the Carrollian SO(2) EM transformations, with the help of Hodge duality in Carrollian geometry, then we rederive the Gaillard-Zumino consistency condition for EM duality of Carrollian nonlinear electrodynamics. Together with the traceless condition for the energy-momentum tensor, we are able to determine the Lagrangian of the Carrollian ModMax theories among pure electrodynamics. We furthermore study their behaviors under the TT¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\sqrt{T\\overline{T}} $$\\end{document} deformation flow, and show that these theories deform to each other and may reach two endpoints under the flow, with one of the endpoint being the Carrollian Maxwell theory. As a byproduct, we construct a family of two-dimensional Carrollian ModMax-like multiple scalar theories, which are closed under the TT¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\sqrt{T\\overline{T}} $$\\end{document} flow and may flow to a BMS free multi-scalar model.

New traversable wormhole solutions in Einstein Gauss–Bonnet gravity

This paper explores the existence of static wormholes in 4-Dimensional Einstein Gauss–Bonnet (4D EGB) gravity. We discuss some possibilities for constructing radial-dependent shape functions via different strategies to develop some non-conventional wormhole geometries by considering anisotropic matter sources. In this regard, we assume a specific form of the equation of state and investigate its effects on Gauss–Bonnet (GB) coupling parameter. Next, we impose a traceless condition on the anisotropic fluid distribution as well as radial-dependent energy density profile to explore wormhole geometries as separate cases. It is seen that the obtained results can be reduced into Morris–Throne wormholes for the zero value of GB-coupled parameter for anisotropic fluid distribution. Furthermore, we scrutinize flaring-out conditions and examine asymptotically flatness constraints for the existence of wormholes. Our analysis shows that the weak energy condition (WEC) is satisfied for a particular range by constraining GB-coupled parameter. We study the dynamics of GB-coupled parameter for both cases [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. It is concluded that wormhole solutions are possible for [Formula: see text] and, in some cases, [Formula: see text]. The active gravitational mass of developed wormholes is calculated and plotted graphically. The wormhole geometry is discussed by plotting 2D and 3D embedding diagrams. In order to analyze the complexity of the system, we have plotted the complexity factor for each wormhole.

On the large D expansion of Hermitian multi-matrix models

We investigate the existence and properties of a double asymptotic expansion in 1/N2 and 1/D in U(N) × O(D) invariant Hermitian multi-matrix models, where the N × N matrices transform in the vector representation of O(D). The crucial point is to prove the existence of an upper bound η(h) on the maximum power D1+η(h) of D that can appear for the contribution at a given order N2−2h in the large N expansion. We conjecture that η(h) = h in a large class of models. In the case of traceless Hermitian matrices with the quartic tetrahedral interaction, we are able to prove that η(h) ≤ 2h; the sharper bound η(h) = h is proven for a complex bipartite version of the model, with no need to impose a tracelessness condition. We also prove that η(h) = h for the Hermitian model with the sextic wheel interaction, again with no need to impose a tracelessness condition.

Stress-tensor commutators in conformal field theories near the lightcone

Starting with the general stress-tensor commutation relations consistent with the Poincar\'e algebra in local quantum field theory, we impose the tracelessness condition and focus on the dominating contributions in the lightcone limit. It is shown that, under a certain assumption on the Schwinger term, a Virasoro-algebra-like structure emerges near the lightcone in $d>2$ conformal field theories.

More on the new large [formula omitted] limit of matrix models

In this paper, we extend the recent analysis of the new large D limit of matrix models to the cases where the action contains arbitrary multi-trace interaction terms as well as to arbitrary correlation functions. We discuss both the cases of complex and Hermitian matrices, with U(N)2×O(D) and U(N)×O(D) symmetries respectively. In the latter case, the new large D limit is consistent for planar diagrams; at higher genera, it crucially requires the tracelessness condition. For similar reasons, the large N limit of tensor models with reduced symmetries is typically inconsistent already at leading order without the tracelessness condition. We also further discuss some interesting properties of purely bosonic models pointed out recently and explain that the standard argument predicting a non-trivial IR behavior in fermionic models à la SYK does not work for bosonic models. Finally, we explain that the new large D scaling is consistent with linearly realized supersymmetry.

Tensor Fields on Self-Dual Warped AdS3 Background

Considering rank s fields obey first order equation of motion, we study the dynamics of such fields in a 3-dimensional self-dual space-like warped AdS3 black hole background. We obtain a Klein–Gordon-like equation for tensor fields. By using gauge constraint and traceless condition, we will find the exact solutions of the equations of motion. Then, we will compute the quasi-normal modes by imposing appropriate boundary conditions at horizon and infinity.

Gravitational wave polarization modes inf(R)theories

Many studies have been carried out in the literature to evaluate the number of polarization modes of gravitational waves in modified theories, in particular in $f(R)$ theories. In the latter ones, besides the usual two transverse-traceless tensor modes present in general relativity, there are two additional scalar ones: a massive longitudinal mode and a massless transverse mode (the so-called breathing mode). This last mode has often been overlooked in the literature, due to the assumption that the application of the Lorenz gauge implies transverse-traceless wave solutions. We however show that this is in general not possible and, in particular, that the traceless condition cannot be imposed due to the fact that we no longer have a Minkowski background metric. Our findings are in agreement with the results found using the Newman-Penrose formalism, and thus clarify the inconsistencies found so far in the literature.

A quantal Tolman temperature

The conventional Tolman temperature based on the assumption of the traceless condition of energy-momentum tensor for matter fields is infinite at the horizon if Hawking radiation is involved. However, we note that the temperature associated with Hawking radiation is of relevance to the trace anomaly, which means that the traceless condition should be released. So, a trace anomaly-induced Stefan-Boltzmann law is newly derived by employing the first law of thermodynamics and the property of the temperature independence of the trace anomaly. Then, the Tolman temperature is quantum-mechanically generalized according to the anomaly-induced Stefan-Boltzmann law. In an exactly soluble model, we show that the Tolman factor does not appear in the generalized Tolman temperature which is eventually finite everywhere, in particular, vanishing at the horizon. It turns out that the equivalence principle survives at the horizon with the help of the quantum principle, and some puzzles related to the Tolman temperature are also resolved.

Singular-potential random-matrix model arising in mean-field glassy systems.

We consider an invariant random matrix ensemble where the standard Gaussian potential is distorted by an additional single pole of arbitrary fixed order. Potentials with first- and second-order poles have been considered previously and found applications in quantum chaos and number theory. Here we present an application to mean-field glassy systems. We derive and solve the loop equation in the planar limit for the corresponding class of potentials. We find that the resulting mean or macroscopic spectral density is generally supported on two disconnected intervals lying on the two sides of the repulsive pole, whose edge points can be completely determined imposing the additional constraint of traceless matrices on average. For an unbounded potential with an attractive pole, we also find a possible one-cut solution for certain values of the couplings, which is ruled out when the traceless condition is imposed. Motivated by the calculation of the distribution of the spin-glass susceptibility in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin-glass model, we consider in detail a second-order pole for a zero-trace model and provide the most explicit solution in this case. In the limit of a vanishing pole, we recover the standard semicircle. Working in the planar limit, our results apply to matrices with orthogonal, unitary, and symplectic invariance. Numerical simulations and an independent analytical Coulomb fluid calculation for symmetric potentials provide an excellent confirmation of our results.

Negative mode of Schwarzschild black hole from the thermodynamic instability

The thermodynamic instability, for example the negative heat capacity, of a black hole implies the existence of off-shell negative mode(s) (unstable perturbation(s)) around the black hole geometry in the Euclidean path integral formalism of quantum gravity. We explicitly construct an off-shell unstable perturbation inspired from the negative heat capacity in the case of Schwarzschild black hole with/without a cosmological constant. We carefully check the boundary conditions, i.e. the regularity at the horizon, the traceless condition, and the normalizability.

The transverse traceless gauge and quadrupole sources

A gravitational wave propagating in the +z direction is usually described by the transverse spatial components hxx, hyy, hxy in the transverse traceless gauge in which hxx+hyy=0. The transverse components are not changed by a gauge transformation, which implies that the traceless condition must be automatically met. We analyze how this comes about in the calculation of the waves in an explicit example, a circular binary orbit of equal mass points. This calculation is a useful exercise in linearized general relativity and gravitational waves, and a model of an important astrophysical source of detectable waves. We also demonstrate automatic transverse tracelessness for the general case of a slow motion source.

Consistent and inconsistent truncations. Some results and the issue of the correct uplifting of solutions

We clarify the existence of two different types of truncations of the field content in a theory, the consistency of each type being achieved by different means. A proof is given of the conditions to have a consistent truncation in the case of dimensional reductions induced by independent Killing vectors. We explain in what sense the tracelessness condition found by Scherk and Schwarz is not only a necessary condition but also a sufficient one for a consistent truncation. The reduction of the gauge group is fully performed showing the existence of a sector of rigid symmetries. We show that truncations originated by the introduction of constraints will in general be inconsistent, but this fact does not prevent the possibility of correct upliftings of solutions in some cases. The presence of constraints has dynamical consequences that turn out to play a fundamental role in the correctness of the uplifting procedure.

Remarks on phase transitions in Matrix models and [formula omitted] supersymmetric gauge theory

A Hermitian one-matrix model with an even quartic potential exhibits a third-order phase transition when the cuts of the matrix model curve coalesce. We use the known solutions of this matrix model to compute effective superpotentials of an N=1, SU(N) supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory coupled to an adjoint superfield, following the techniques developed by Dijkgraaf and Vafa. These solutions automatically satisfy the quantum tracelessness condition and describe a breaking to SU(N/2)×SU(N/2)×U(1). We show that the value of the effective superpotential is smooth at the transition point, and that the two-cut (broken) phase is more favored than the one-cut (unbroken) phase below the critical scale. The U(1) coupling constant diverges due to the massless monopole, thereby demonstrating Ferrari's general formula. We also briefly discuss the implication of the Painlevé II equation arising in the double scaling limit.