Trace Lines Research Articles

Cultural Transmission in Printed Games of Cupid: Tracing Lines of Descent

Abstract The Game of Cupid is a simple dice-based race game derived from the Game of the Goose in about 1600. Twelve different examples, covering the period to about 1850 and drawn from France, the Low Countries and Britain, are analysed according to distinctive markers that include rules, game board configuration and decorative elements, showing that the evolution of the game can be described by a single tree of descent. The forces governing this evolution are discussed. The results may be of interest to those investigating whether different aspects of a complex cultural trait – such as a board game that has rules, a board and decorative elements – follow separate cultural transmission processes.

AN EXPLORATION OF BIG DATA AS THE BASIS FOR DEVELOPING A FLUID AND ADAPTABLE ARCHITECTURE PROGRAMMING

Many discussions have been devoted to the use of big data in architecture, particularly as atool for data predictive analysis. Interpretation of big data rules, however, is rarely discussed. This paper explores the use of big data as a basis for programming architectures. It emphasizes the use of big data in design beyond predicting the future. Instead, it is a descriptive resource that transcends rigid data dependencies. This allows architectural program development to become more flexible and adaptable. This study was conducted using exploratory qualitative methodology. A variety of sources in Google were used to collect the data. By using the tracing method, a rule inquiry is conducted. To gain a better understanding of how big data can be applied in architectural programming, a rules-based design exploration was conducted. Based on the results of this study, the following methods may be used to determine the rules: (1) data collection for reading patterns, (2) trace lines as a basis for discovering rules, and (3) exploration of rules as a basis for programming design. The concept of architecture can be considered asa component that incorporates digital technology, which enhances efficiency and adaptability

A Case Study on Caustic Corrosion in Refinery Piping

Caustic soda is received from supplier with concentration about 48% and stored at main storage tank and transferred intermittently to the refinery process unit's neutralization tanks at same concentration. Dilution is taking place at these tanks. In order to prevent caustic soda from freezing and /or crystallization (winterization) in intermittent transferring piping, it was kept warm by means of steam tracing and insulation together.Failure of carbon steel piping by caustic stress corrosion cracking (embrittlement) and caustic gouging has been a recurring problem, several repairs attempts were made without success using patch plates and/or temporary clamps. Some parts were totally replaced with schedule 80 piping but suffer failures within 12 months.Close observation of the corroded locations reveals severe grooving along the length of pipe at 3 & 9 o'clock positions where steam tracing line is touching the pipes due to braking of fixation clamps.Several measures were recommended, these include avoidance of hot spots by steam tracing; avoidance of temperature increase during idle condition and redesigning the distribution piping in order to transfer caustic solution with concentration not more than (33%).

Experiments in Care as a Reciprocal Act

Care is complex: something that must be thoughtfully evoked; that is not necessarily comfortable; that is humbling, vulnerable, and negotiated. Examining the stakes of care in participatory performance, this article traces lines of inquiry around care as labour, as duty, as risk, as choice, as participation, and as an exchange of power requiring consent. Reflecting on the precarity and interdependence of participatory performance, I argue this genre is not only uniquely positioned to foster reciprocal care—it requires it. I outline a model of reciprocal care, defining it as the act of all participants attending to something together—in this case the performance—and collectively creating the conditions of coexistence necessary for this tending. To make these ideas tangible, I refer to two participatory performances I directed. Trophy is a performance installation featuring local community members sharing personal stories of change, housed in glowing tents that transform over the course of the performance. The second, Remixed, is a hybrid deep listening experience, accessed via a progressive web app, that contemplates how we instigate change in our lives, communities, and world. Both productions are tentative experiments in reciprocal care, extending its duty beyond the artist and exploring the conditions through which it is sustained by all participants. I conclude by envisioning the possibilities of reciprocal care as a vital way to operate in the uneven precarity that is our standard collective condition and to be in the unknown together.

Seismic Damage and Disaster Reduction Analysis of Building Structures along the Surface Rupture Trace Line of Strong Earthquakes

Seismic Damage and Disaster Reduction Analysis of Building Structures along the Surface Rupture Trace Line of Strong Earthquakes

An Alternate Search Method and An Extended Trace Line Method for Wheel‐Rail Contact Patch Centers Detection

AbstractWheel‐rail contact is a link between the vehicle system and the rail system, and the contact processing approach affects accuracy of vehicle dynamic simulation. Contact detection is usually the start of wheel‐rail contact calculation, and detecting precision of contact patch center affect accuracy of contact force calculating results, therefore it is significant to improve detecting precision of contact patch center. An alternate search method (ASM) and an extended trace line method are proposed to improve precision and efficiency of contact patch centers detection. The proposed alternate search method applies Golden Ratio Search Method and variable intervals between grids to detect contact patch centers. To make the detected contact patch centers match rail tangential directions better, an extended trace line method is constructed based on geometrical constraints between contact points and rail tangential directions. Dynamic simulations of a bogie vehicle formed by two wheelsets and a bogie frame negotiating a rail curve are conducted to evaluate effects of the proposed methods. Calculating times of the proposed methods for finishing the simulations are compared to explain computational efficiencies of the different methods. The proposed approaches are real‐time capable and can be used for vehicle dynamics simulations.

A new method for detecting unilateral spatial neglect with tracing tasks using the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure: a pilot study.

To explore efficacy of the "Rey-Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF) tracing task" as a new test to detect unilateral spatial neglect (USN). Subjects were 40 healthy control (HC) and 20 right brain-damaged patients with (USN + , n = 10) or without USN (USN - , n = 10). After the ROCF copying task, the tracing task was performed under conditions that did not leave any tracing lines on the sample figure. Evaluation used the conventional 36-point scoring system, laterality index (LI) as the ratio of the left and right structure scores, and the number of overlaps for each of the left and right structures scored. In the tracing task, USN + showed a lower LI than HC. Furthermore, left-sided neglect was sometimes more evident than in the copying task. Regarding the total overlapping score, USN + showed a greater score than HC. The right-sided overlapping scores in USN + and USN - were also greater than that in HC. In the right brain-damaged subjects, clinically meaningful correlations were not found between evaluations in the ROCF tracing task and in conventional USN screening tests. Receiver-operating-characteristic analysis to test the power of detection showed moderate performance for the tracing LI (AUC = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.54-0.97), which was greater than that of other tests. Further, the total overlapping score in the tracing task showed sensitivity 0.9 (highest among the tests performed), specificity 0.5, and AUC 0.68 (95% CI = 0.43-0.92). The ROCF tracing task might be a convenient method to detect USN and to reveal the extent of spatial working memory impairment.

Measuring Faculty Engagement in Online Formative or Whole-Person Education

The COVID-19 pandemic reinforced the importance of supporting students’ comprehensive well-being when teaching online. One promising approach is formative or whole-person education, which emphasizes wholeness, purpose, and community. We created a scale using a polytomous Item Response Theory modeling approach, measuring the extent to which postsecondary teachers engage in formative education online. To our knowledge, this is the first scale designed to measure this construct. The scale was developed within an exploratory sequential mixed methods study on formative education online that also included semi-structured interviews with 37 faculty members. Results from the qualitative analysis were used to develop initial items. This data-informed process increased the construct validity of the scale. We refined the original item pool through a pilot test using a sample of 308 instructors. This article presents psychometric results for the final, 10-item scale using a sample of 245 instructors. Evaluation of item fit statistics, item trace lines, and the total information curve indicate that the graded response model was appropriate for this scale. The Cronbach’s alpha and marginal reliability coefficients for the final scale were .90 and .91, indicating good reliability. Future research can explore how this scale might be adapted for in-person learning environments and other contexts.

570 Utility of Gaze-Control for Real-Time Surgical Training During Minimally Invasive Surgery - a Feasilibility Study of Eye-Tracking Technology

Abstract Aim Training in laparoscopic surgery is limited to observing what the trainee is doing on the screen and reliant on verbal coaching. The idea of a physical pointer onto the screen in real-time to allow for more focused supervision and to improve communication was conceptualised. The study aims to demonstrate the feasibility and identify the challenges of using eye-tracking glasses in producing this digital pointer onto a screen. Method Pupil Core (Pupil Labs GmbH) eye-tracking glasses were used to calibrate the edges of a computer monitor to the pupil tracking cameras (200Hz) and the point-of-view (POV) cameras. Utilising the accompanying open-source Pupil Core software, a red-dot cursor was programmed to display in real-time on an accompanying screen. A video of a simulated laparoscopic cholecystectomy and geometric shapes were displayed onto the screen to demonstrate the technology. Results A red dot pointer was successfully displayed on a screen as an overlay controlled entirely by gaze. It was able to track the edges of shapes and used to point out anatomical structures in a video in real-time. Despite the tester looking away from the screen and leaving the seated position, the glasses were able to recallibrate automatically and work seamlessly after. The saccadic nature of eye movements meant that the tracing lines were not always smooth. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the technology exists to make this feasible. Further optimisation in software design is required to mitigate the effects of saccadic eye movements. Further studies collecting objective data is required to demonstrate a minimum viable product.

Microstructure features of transformed α induced by β texture in electron beam welded joint of TC25G titanium alloy

The microstructure morphology of transformed α is controlled by the crystallographic orientation of its parent β grain. In the fusion zone of an electron beam welded joint of TC25G titanium alloy, the columnar β grains exhibited a {001} 〈100〉 cube texture, in which four kinds of α laths with two main growth (trace line) directions formed after post-welded heat treatment. According to the numerical simulation by an orientation-trace method, the trace angle of α laths mainly distributed across the ranges of 40˚-60˚ and 120˚-140˚ in the β matrix with 〈001〉 fiber texture, thus the microstructure morphology of transformed α naturally tended to form cross configurations with two nearly perpendicular α laths.

Study on Meso-Fracture Behavior and Fractal Characteristics of Sandstone with Different Particle Sizes under Compression-Shear Test Conditions

In order to explore the micro-cracking behavior and fractal characteristics of sandstone with different particle sizes under the condition of compression-shear test, this paper studies sandstone with different particle sizes by using high-strength concrete wrapped in cylindrical sandstone test specimen to carry out a compression-shear mechanical test, with the assistance of performing 3D optical scanning on the fracture surface of sandstone after shear failure by using MATLAB to re-establish the three-dimensional shape of the fracture surface. The roughness parameter of the joint surface is introduced to quantitatively calculate the fracture structural plane, which found that the roughness parameter manifests the damage of the structural plane well. The roughness of fracture surface is negatively correlated with the particle size of sandstone, that is, the roughness of fracture surface increases with the decrease of particle size. The fractal dimension of the structural trace line and the sampling area is calculated according to the digital model. Obvious anisotropic characteristics are observed in both dimensions, where the fractal dimension is positively correlated with the particle size of sandstone, in another word, the fractal dimension decreases along with the particle size. The above research results provide experimental support in scientific theory for clarifying the instability mechanism of sandy rock roadway under compression-shear conditions.

Marketing secular anxieties: Mohsin Hamid’s planetary turn

ABSTRACT This article unpacks Mohsin Hamid’s position as a global novelist invested in translating the world view of Muslim characters for a secular, western audience. Its approach to Hamid’s secularism combines materialist with textualist frames of reference, seeing the circulation and reception of The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2007) and Exit West (2017) as entangled with the novelist’s aesthetic strategies. The materialist approach, based on Graham Huggan’s and Sarah Brouillette’s work, questions how western audiences’ anxieties about religiously driven “Others” are marketed by the publishing industry, thus reinforcing the figure of the postcolonial author as a problematic interpreter of marginalized communities. The textualist approach argues that Hamid’s writing participates in the diffusion of global literature, and close reading will question how authors like him propose ways of reconsidering and rewriting hegemony through positioning themselves as “embedded with the world”, and by forging geocentred fictions which, paradoxically, trace lines of flight from the global marketplace.

Using computed tomography fusion imaging as learning data for sonographer training in identification of left ventricular endocardial boundaries

BackgroundWe hypothesized that if computed tomography (CT) images were used as learning data, we could overcome volume underestimation by echocardiography, improving the accuracy of left ventricular (LV) volume measurements. MethodsWe utilized a fusion imaging modality consisting of echocardiography with superimposed CT images for 37 consecutive patients to identify the endocardial boundary. We compared LV volumes obtained with and without CT learning trace-lines (TLs). Furthermore, 3D echocardiography was used to compare LV volumes obtained with and without CT learning for endocardial identification. The mean difference between the echocardiography and CT-derived LV volumes and the coefficient of variation were compared pre- and post-learning. Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the differences in LV volume (mL) obtained from the 2D pre-learning TL and 3D post-learning TL. ResultsThe post-learning TL was located closer to the epicardium than the pre-learning TL. This trend was particularly pronounced in the lateral and the anterior wall. The post-learning TL was along the inner side of the high echoic layer in the basal-lateral wall in the four-chamber view. CT fusion imaging determined that the difference in LV volume between 2D echocardiography and CT was small (−25.6 ± 14.4 mL before learning, −6.9 ± 11.5 mL after learning) and that CT learning improved the coefficient of variation (10.9 % before learning, 7.8 % after learning). Significant improvements were observed during 3D echocardiography; the difference in LV volume between 3D echocardiography and CT was slight (−20.5 ± 15.1 mL before learning, 3.8 ± 15.7 mL after learning), and the coefficient of variation improved (11.5 % before learning, 9.3 % after learning). ConclusionsDifferences between the LV volumes obtained using CT and echocardiography either disappeared or were reduced after CT fusion imaging. Fusion imaging is useful in training regimens for accurate LV volume quantification using echocardiography and may contribute to quality control.

Photogrammetry-Based 3D Textured Point Cloud Models Building and Rock Structure Estimation

Trace lines on the outcrop of a rock mass are usually the primary data source for the estimation of rock structure. It is important to obtain the data of trace lines precisely. Photogrammetry is well suited to finish this task. However, this is mainly conducted by commercial software, and not every researcher has easy access to the method of digital photogrammetry. This study aims to provide researchers with a low-cost method of building a photogrammetry-based textured 3D point cloud model (FMBPM) and display the applicability of the method to estimating the rock structure of rock masses. In the FMBPM, a digital single-lens reflex camera with a prime lens and a total station are the necessary hardware employed to capture images and measure the coordinates of feature points. A coordinate transformation means of converting model coordinates to physical coordinates was introduced. A program for calculating a joint orientation based on the coordinates of inflection points on the trace line of the joint was developed. A section of a rock slope was selected as a case to show the procedures and the practicability of the FMBPM. The textured 3D point cloud model of the rock slope was successfully built, and the rock structure of the rock slope was analyzed using the joint disk model generated based on the trace lines extracted from the point cloud model. The results show that: (1) the precision of the point coordinates of the textured 3D point cloud model could achieve 3.96 mm, taking the data of the total station as the reference; (2) the rock structure of the slope is good, according to the value of the rock quality designation; (3) the new method is applicable in engineering practices.

Spatial distributions and kinematics of shocked and ionized gas in M17

ABSTRACTMassive stars are formed in molecular clouds, and produce H ii regions when they evolve onto the main sequence. The expansion of H ii region can both suppress and promote star formation in the vicinity. M17 H ii region is a giant cometary H ii region near many massive clumps containing starless and protostellar sources. It is an appropriate target to study the effect of feedback from previously formed massive stars on the nearby star-forming environments. Observations of SiO 2-1, HCO+ 1-0, H13CO+ 1-0, HC3N 10-9, and H41 α lines are performed toward M17 H ii region with ambient candidates of massive clumps. In the observations, the widespread shocked gas surrounding M17 H ii region is detected: it probably originates from the collision between the expanding ionized gas and the ambient neutral medium. Some massive clumps are found in the overlap region of the shock and dense-gas tracing lines while the central velocities of shocked and high-density gases are similar. This suggests that part of massive clumps are located in the shell of H ii region, and may be formed from the accumulated neutral materials in the shell. In addition, by comparing the observations towards M17 H ii region with the simulation of cometary H ii region, we infer the presence of one or more massive stars travelling at supersonic velocity with respect to the natal molecular cloud in the H ii region.

Experimental study on strength and failure characteristics of sandstone rock mass with complex cataclastic structure using 3D printing models

A cataclastic rock mass is a poor type of engineering geological rock mass. The determination of the shear failure characteristics and shear strengths of cataclastic rock masses can provide key basis for the design and construction of infrastructure. Physical model samples of a sandstone cataclastic rock mass were first produced by a combination of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and manual pouring. Shear tests were conducted with respect to the shear stresses parallel to the trace line plane and perpendicular to the trace line plane of the cataclastic rock mass model. Based on an extensive analysis of the shear failure characteristic, shear stress evolution characteristic curve and shear strength. When the shear stress was parallel to the trace line plane, and when the rock block that was cut and confined by the trace line exhibited a significant tip, the end stress concentration effect of the cataclastic rock mass was more significant during the shear process with the anisotropy of the rock block increased. In addition, the shapes of the rock blocks that were confined and cut by the joints were the main influencing factors of the strength of the cataclastic rock mass. When the shear stress was perpendicular to the trace line plane, the structure of the rock wall was the main influencing factor of the deformation and failure process of the shear failure plane and the shear strength. The physical and mechanical properties of the shear failure plane of the cataclastic rock mass were found to be closely related to the joint–rock wall system characteristics of the cataclastic rock mass. Therefore, when determining the shear strength of cataclastic rock mass, the shape and combination form of the rock block, shear direction, and structural failure characteristics of the rock wall should be comprehensively considered during the shear process.

Development of high strength-ductility Mg-Er extruded alloys by micro-alloying with Mn

This work systematically investigated the influence of the micro-Mn addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-Er alloys. To investigate their deformation mechanisms during tensile testing, electron back-scattered diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, slip trace analysis, and visco-plastic self-consistent polycrystal constitutive (VPSC) modeling were used. The study showed that the as-solid solution samples only consist of the α-Mg phase. All samples exhibit a complete dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) microstructure with an average grain size of 2.79 µm after hot extrusion. The ductility first increases from 26.02 % to 35.34 % and then remains unchanged with the increment of Mn content. Meanwhile, the yield strength significantly increases from 95 MPa to 200 MPa. According to VPSC results, the initial slip resistance (τ0) difference between prismatic and basal slips decreases from 109 MPa to 92 MPa and τ0 between pyramidal and basal slip systems from 129 MPa to 112 MPa. Both the VPSC and two-beam diffraction results confirmed that pyramidal<c+a>slip and<a>slip were activated during tensile deformation. The quantitative analysis of the slip trace line verified that the volume of non-basal slip reached 65 % when the content of Mn was increased to 0.9 wt%. Mn in solid solution increased the activity of pyramidal<c+a>and prismatic<a>dislocations during deformation, which is beneficial for accommodating c-axis strain. Consequently, the ambient ductility of Mg-2Er alloy with Mn addition is improved.

Size-Dependent Rigid–Flexible Coupling Dynamics of Functionally Graded Rotating Moderately Thick Microplates

Micro air vehicles, which are typical small-sized rotating-motion systems, have seen major advancements in recent years. To provide some theoretical basis for developing and producing micro air vehicles, this study establishes a novel rigid–flexible coupling dynamic model for functionally graded (FG) moderately thick rectangular microplates attached to a central rotating rigid hub based on the modified couple stress theory and first-order shear deformation theory. The proposed model incorporates nonlinear coupling term of in-plane deformation to reflect the dynamic stiffening effect caused by rotational motion. Material characteristics of the FG microplate have a linear power-law distribution along the thickness axis. Further, the discrete form dimensionless coupling dynamic equations and their numerical solutions are obtained by combining the Euler–Lagrange equation and the Chebyshev–Ritz method. Convergence and comparative studies are carried out to demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the proposed model. Thereafter, the influence of material length scale parameter, rotational speed, gradient index, and aspect ratio on the frequency of the microplates is investigated. Numerical results reveal that couple stress and dynamic stiffening effects both enhance the rigidity of the microplates, whereas the gradient index decreases the rigidity. Nonlinear coupling term which leads to significant differences in frequency value and trace line can’t be ignored for rotative structure. In-plane motion and its coupling terms play a significant function for the moderately thick or thick microplates. The increase of rotational speed and gradient index will reduce the size dependency of the microplate. Furthermore, the frequency trajectory steering and corresponding mode transition phenomenon are graphically represented.

Queer Sinophone Media across Asian Regionalism

Queer Sinophone Media across Asian Regionalism Alvin K. Wong (bio) In March 2022, in the midst of a fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong that generated more than 10,000 new cases per day, two colleagues invited me to take a short weekend trip to Tai O, a fishing village located on the western side of Lantau Island. At first, I was not very excited about the trip: I had already been to Tai O several times, and in recent years the fishing village has been overtaken by tourists. It's just another village that is commodified for its traditional and exotic appeal, I thought. My colleagues soon proved me wrong by taking us on a hiking trail that overlooks the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge. While pleasantly rejuvenated by the breathtaking view, I was also struck by how regionally integrated Hong Kong is with the rest of mainland China within the spatial imaginary of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. After the hike, we decided to take a rest at a local café. Our server was a talkative, middle-aged, sporty-looking woman who gave off queer vibes. Once she found out that one colleague was from Taiwan, she shared her own experiences of working in Taipei and how much she missed Taiwan. On our way out, I spotted a postcard of Anson Lo and Edan Lui, the protagonists of the latest hit Boys' Love (BL) television series Ossan's Love (ViuTV, 2021), which is adapted from the highly successful 2018 Japanese BL television drama of the same name. As we passed by the Tai O Heritage Hotel, another lesbian butch-femme couple passed us by. I half-jokingly told my friends, "Tai O is becoming a gay Mecca of Hong Kong!" I recount my trip to Tai O to focus three ideas that might not appear related to one another at first glance: queer media, the Sinophone, and [End Page 159] regionalism. What kind of regional imaginary comes into view when we name Tai O as the new gay Mecca of Hong Kong? How does the critical framework of queer regionalism disrupt the conventional narrative of Hong Kong as a capitalist Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (PRC)? To tackle these questions, I deploy queer Sinophone media as a critical concept that tracks the circulation and mediation of queerness within both Sinitic-language communities in the Sinophone worlds and across regional connections in Asia. In recent years, scholars in the humanities and social sciences have revived the concept of regionalism for different ends. Prasenjit Duara perceptively distinguishes several historical formations of regionalism, including the imperial regionalism of the British Empire in the nineteenth century; anti-imperial regional blocs of the early twentieth century among advocates of Asianism; economic regionalism and securitization via entities such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN); and, finally, the economic polarity of regional migration resulting in the large flow of both professional expats and underpaid workers to the capitalist cities of Shanghai, Seoul, Tokyo, and Hong Kong.1 While Duara mentions that "there is increased sojourning by women employed as domestic workers, nurses, entertainers, and prostitutes," issues of women and feminism seem like an afterthought to his theorization of regionalism.2 If dominant frameworks of Asian regionalism marginalize women, sexuality, and queerness, recent work in transnational queer studies offers some promising directions. For instance, queer theorist Gayatri Gopinath has coined the term queer regional imaginary to demonstrate "the possibility of tracing lines of connection and commonality, a kind of South–South relationality, between seemingly discrete regional spaces that in fact bypass the nation."3 Expanding on Gopinath's theory of queer regionalism through Sinophone studies, which is defined as "the study of Sinitic-language cultures on the margins of geopolitical nation-states and their hegemonic productions," in this short essay I invoke the term queer Sinophone media to show how queer medial forms produced in Sinophone locations are inflected through regional formations.4 Specifically, I first examine how the Hong Kong media enterprise ViuTV's adaptation of the Japanese TV series Ossan zu Rabu (Ossan's Love, TV Asahi, 2018) gains popularity...

Hululais Field Review from Geoscientific Exploration to Exploitation Stage

Geothermal studies in Hululais carried out by Pertamina was started in 1993 with an exploration survey. The detailed geological mapping as the earliest geothermal resource assessment of Hululais was done internally by Pertamina. The geochemical study was done together with the geological study. The geophysical study was carried out using three methods. The gravity survey was run in 1993 for 320 points along 12 trace lines, while the magnetotelluric survey was conducted in 2006 and 2012 for 64 locations with 1-2 km spacing. The microearthquake survey was done in 2012 for 115 days monitoring time by six sensors in 10 km spacing and in 2019. The conceptual model as a product of the integrated study of three geoscientific surveys shows that the upflow zone is interpreted in Suban Agung – Suban Gregok in the southern area. Fumarole, mud pool and steam-heated hot spring are found in this zone. The outflow zone is interpreted towards the north in Semelako area supported by the chloride hot spring. The appearance of these manifestations is possibly controlled by fault structure in Musi Segment zone of Sumatra Fault Zone (SFZ). The heat source comes from granodiorite intrusion below Bukit Beriti Besar – Bukit Gedang Hululais. The cap rock has 500 meters thick in the upflow zone and increases to 800 meters thick towards the outflow zone in the northern part of the study area. The upflow zone was proved by two exploration wells that drilled until 3000 mMD. The first well in Suban Agung has a high temperature reach 300°C with neutral reservoir fluids and good fault structure permeability. The second exploration well that drilled towards outflow zone shows a temperature of 205°C with neutral reservoir fluids but with low permeability. In the exploitation stage, 21 development wells have been drilled for making the update conceptual model. Among them, ten wells are production wells and the remains are reinjection ones. The permeability in the reinjection wells is not so good compared to the production wells. It might be due to secondary mineral filling in the fault structure permeability zone, so this situation causes a problem in injection water to the reservoir. Investigation of the subsurface permeability distribution in the Hululais reservoir is challenging, so further research should be done to answer this challenge.