Hazardous Waste Research Articles

Environmental And Health Implications of Waste Disposal Sites In The Lesotho Lowlands

Many Southern African countries, including Lesotho, face severe health and environmental issues attributed to waste disposal. The purpose of this study is to assessed the environmental and health impacts on residents living in proximity to disposal sites in the lowlands of Lesotho. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, using a semi-structured questionnaire and observation method. A mapping device was used, and photographs were taken to validate the findings. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test (?²) were employed to analyze the data. Results indicate that in Lesotho, some landfill sites are located as close as 50 meters from residential areas, and most (60%) received hazardous mixed waste streams. Waste burning and backyard dumping were the most frequently used disposal methods by residents. Several perceived health outcomes and environmental issues were noted, with respiratory and gastrointestinal health issues being the most prevalent. There was a statistically significant association between waste burning and respiratory diseases (P < 0.010) and between backyard dumping and gastrointestinal diseases (P < 0.003). The study concludes that regulatory instruments need to be revised and enforced, requiring hazardous waste producers to take responsibility for end-of-life waste and banning the entry of such waste into disposal sites. The application of waste management strategies to initiate other preferable end-of-life waste procedures, such as recycling of WEEE and waste-to-energy technologies for organic waste in Lesotho, could improve the quality of health for residents and their environment.

Facile synthesis and fabrication of Mg2SnO4/carbon black as a sustainable electrode for determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-flutamide

The accumulation of hazardous pharmaceutical wastes in aquatic organisms, particularly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug molecules, has severe toxicological consequences for both aquatic life and humans. To protect the environment, it is essential to develop a highly efficient device with dual-purpose capabilities for drug detection while minimizing catalyst expenditure. In this work, we explored a simple and effective design for fabricating a magnesium stannate combined with carbon black (Mg2SnO4/CB) nanocomposite as a cost-effective, sustainable electrode material for the electrochemical detection of flutamide (Flu). The Mg2SnO4/CB nanocomposite was synthesized through a simple hydrothermal process followed by sonication. Various analytical methods were used to determine its physico-chemical characteristics. The electrochemical efficiency of Mg2SnO4/CB/GCE was evaluated by detecting Flu, showing a remarkable linear range from 0.6 to 198.4 µM with a sensitivity of 3.91 μA μM−1 cm−2. In addition, the constructed sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity, high repeatability, outstanding reproducibility, and long-lasting stability. The anti-interference experiments yielded a definite current response without any change in peak shifts. Consequently, Mg2SnO4/CB/GCE demonstrated superior performance in determining Flu in human urine and river water samples.

Environmental protection, health, and occupational safety initiatives: Reducing filter waste and environmental contamination from oil leaks in coal mining excavators

Background: Hazardous and toxic waste contamination in the mining industry is primarily generated from the servicing and maintenance of heavy equipment. One of the key issues in this process is hydraulic oil leaks in excavator units. Additionally, the use of B30 fuel impacts the filter replacement interval, as its lifetime is shorter, thereby contributing to the amount of hazardous and toxic waste. Based on data obtained during the August-November 2023 period, hydraulic system leaks amounted to 4,899 liters. The aim of this study is to assess the implementation of improvement plans aimed at reducing filter waste and environmental contamination caused by oil leaks in excavators. Method: This study is a descriptive quantitative analysis aimed at describing the impact of strategies implemented to reduce filter waste and environmental contamination caused by oil leaks in excavators. The research was conducted at PT. Anteraja Mahada Makmur (PT. AMM) on the jobsite of PT. Multi Harapan Utama (PT. MHU) from August 2023 to March 2024. The variables studied included strategic steps composed of alternative solutions, which serve as the foundation for planning the repair of oil leaks and engine filter damage. The population of the study encompasses all maintenance activities within the company, involving personnel, materials, environment, machinery, and methods. The sample focuses specifically on maintenance activities involving factors that experience deviations, such as personnel, machinery, and methods. Results: The implementation of the improvement plan consists of creating a Standard Form for Follow up suggestion, Creating a special Group for equipment health, Adding a discussion of Plant service H+2 and details of Follow up Equipment Health activities, Cleaning the radiator every 6000 hours by lowering it, Activating tropical spec (+55 degrees) by jumpering CN05 Controller Pump, Installing additional filters to reduce the load on the main filter, Creating Guidance PPM (Machine Inspection Program) and Standardizing Hydraulic Pressure, Sharing Knowledge related to the Hydraulic System, Rebuilding existing tools with available materials, Installing Autodownload VHMS on the Big Digger unit, Developing SS6 for web-based data processing. Conclusion: The implementation of the improvement plan strategy carried out at PT. AMM Site MHU went well and showed maximum results. This can be seen from the positive changes for all elements targeted for improvement (man/workers, machines and methods) which generally have an impact on reducing engine filter waste and environmental contamination due to oil leaks in the excavator unit.

Production of Autoclaved Cementitious Composites Using Recycled Waste Glass

ABSTRACTOne of the major negative environmental implications of economic growth and the advancement of information technology is the large quantity of electronic waste dumped in landfills. Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) from outdated televisions and computer monitors are a significant source of electrical waste. The CRT funnel primarily consists of silica, significant alkalis (Na2O‐K2O), and heavy metals like barium‐strontium, along with a substantial lead (Pb) content that may contaminate the soil. Owing to its heavy metal content, CRT is considered hazardous waste, and regulations require its glass to be recycled or repurposed instead of landfill disposal. The low pozzolanic activity of CRT silica suggests that its high content, when paired with an optimized particle size and specific curing conditions, can enhance the mechanical properties of cement‐based products. Hydrothermal treatment has been found to speed up both the hydration of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and the pozzolanic reactions. Since the main objective was to safely recycle large amounts of CRT, three mixes were proposed with 10%, 20%, and 30% OPC + 90%, 80%, and 70% CRT, respectively, and the effect of hydrothermal curing conditions on mechanical properties and durability of these blends was investigated. CRT‐70, a blend containing 70% CRT glass waste, showed enhanced strength due to the formation of zeolitic phases and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH). These phases also provided CRT‐70 with notable fire resistance, ensuring its structural stability under elevated temperatures. These results demonstrate the possibility of production of precast building products via high‐volume recycling of hazardous CRT waste.

A spherical fuzzy knowledge measure with its application in the identification of the best hazardous waste transportation firm

A spherical fuzzy knowledge measure with its application in the identification of the best hazardous waste transportation firm

Research on the construction of hazardous medical solid waste discharge coefficients in Quang Ninh and Ha Nam provinces

Research on the construction of hazardous medical solid waste discharge coefficients in Quang Ninh and Ha Nam provinces

Influence of polypropylene fiber length and geometric shape on the compressive strength of cemented lepidolite tailings backfill

Lepidolite ore contains abundant lithium resources; however, the extraction process generates a large number of tailings, which are environmentally hazardous solid waste. Currently, cemented fiber reinforcement and tailings filling technologies are commonly used methods for tailings treatment. The fiber length and geometric shape significantly affect the performance of fiber-reinforced cemented lepidolite tailing backfill (CLTB). However, there is limited research on the impact of these two factors on the performance of CLTB. Consequently, Polypropylene fiber-reinforced CLTB of four sizes and four fiber lengths were prepared and used for uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests. The max UCS of fiber-reinforced CLTB was 2.84 MPa, and the maximum increase percent was 83.7% compared with the non-fiber-reinforced CLTB. The experimental results show that when the fiber length was 12 mm the CLTB had the maximum UCS, longer fibers did not necessarily result in a higher UCS. The end effect was significant when the difference in cross-sectional area was small. The UCS of the L-40 sample was higher than that of the Y-50 sample under the same fiber length. The differences in the size effect and geometric shape were the main factors influencing their mechanical performance. When the fiber length was from 0 mm to 6 mm, the size effect was obvious, the UCS values gradually decreased with an increase in the volume ratio and cross-sectional area. However, the fiber length was the primary factor influencing the fitting curve of the UCS when the fiber length was from 12 mm to 19 mm. Additionally, the addition of fibers enhanced the integrity of CLTB. In other words, fiber-reinforced CLTB exhibited improving structural integrity. This study can provide theoretical references for the research and practical applications of fiber-reinforced fillers and size effects, as well as the treatment of lepidolite tailings, while also reflecting the CLTB performance under the action of different sizes and different fiber lengths, improving the filling efficiency, mining, and backfill safety.

Research on the Preparation of Dry Mixed Mortar Using Waste Incineration Fly Ash

This study investigated the effect of water-washed municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) as an admixture on the performance of dry mixed mortar and used X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) detection methods to conduct microscopic analysis. The experiment investigated the effects of the amount and water content of washed municipal solid waste incineration fly ash, cement, additives, sand and gravel, and curing time on the compressive flexural strength of dry mixed mortar at 28 days. The results show that when the content of water-washed MSWI FA is 9.80%, the content of sand and gravel is 73.50%, the content of ordinary Portland cement (PO42.5) is 16.66%, the content of water-reducing agent is 1.47‰, the content of cellulose is 0.03‰, the content of the expansion agent is 0.49‰, the addition of water is 130–160 mL/kg, the consistency of the sample can reach 91.8 mm, and the water retention rate can reach 93.6%. The flexural strength of the sample at 28 days can reach 7.5 MPa, and the compressive strength at 28 days can reach 28.30 MPa. Metal ions, such as Pb2+ and Gd2+ in MSWI FA, under the combined action of silicate cement in dry mixed mortar and fibers in cellulose, crisscross and form a solidified material, which will not be leached out. This quality meets the requirements of dry mixed mortar for ordinary plastering and masonry mortar (GB-T 25181-2019), and the leaching toxicity of the sample meets the “Identification Standard for Hazardous Waste” (GB5085.3-2007). This work provides a meaningful exploration of the resource utilization of water-washed MSWI FA.

Experimental study on recycling rubber to increase the impact resistance of cement mortar

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in medical waste generation, posing hazards to both the environment and global health. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic’s medical waste hazard may persist long after the pandemic itself subsides. Improper disposal of medical waste can contaminate environment, posing risks to ecosystems and public health. Discarded medical rubber gloves, for example, can become a source of infection, improper disposal of these gloves can escalate the spread of infectious diseases and increase the risk of transmission of the virus to the general public. This study proposes an innovative and sustainable method to reinforce cement mortar by adding recycled glove rubber as an additive to cement mortar to increase its resistance to impact loads. This study conducted uniaxial compression tests, separating hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments and SEM observations to evaluate the quasi-static compressive strength and dynamic stress of recycled rubber fiber mortar (RRFM) with varying recycled rubber fiber (RRF) contents (0, 1%, 2%, 3%). Strain curves, dynamic increase factor (DIF), energy absorption rules, failure modes, and microstructure of RRFM mixtures. The experimental results demonstrate that with the addition of RRF, the dynamic stress-strain curve flattens and the peak strain gradually increases. The RRFM sample shows stronger toughness. In comparison to regular cement mortar (NM), RRFM has a higher DIF and specific absorbed energy, a faster increase in dynamic compressive strength, and the ability to absorb more energy per unit volume. Under the same impact load, RRFM has fewer and smaller cracks than NM. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) testing also observed that RRF formed a strong connection pattern with the cement mortar matrix.

Impact of Debris Removal Post-Wildfires on Pavement Fatigue and Rutting Lives: Case Studies of California’s Camp and Carr Fires

Between 2017 and 2018, California experienced a series of four devastating fires, including the Camp and Carr Fires, which ranked among the most destructive fires in U.S. history. During these fires, roads were critical in the evacuation, rescue operations, goods transportation, and access to critical services. Additionally, postfire, road infrastructure became crucial for removing hazardous and nonhazardous waste from fire-affected areas to major landfills and recycling facilities. Despite the significance of pavements in this process, previous studies have not quantitatively assessed the potential damage caused to pavements by the additional trucks used in debris removal operations. This research aimed to address this knowledge gap by collecting precise traffic data for the routes taken to waste management facilities, including data on the number of trips involved in debris transportation. The traffic information was then utilized to calculate changes in equivalent single axle loads and traffic index values for pavement design. Pavement structures were obtained from the available core database. Pavement simulation results showed that of the nine studied highways, only one exhibited a reduction in cracking life of about 2 years. However, Skyway, the main artery in the town of Paradise, demonstrated a significantly accelerated fatigue cracking failure by 14.3 years. A sensitivity analysis of fire intensity showed other highway sections that were structurally adequate could be affected by larger fires. The presented methodology could be used in traffic planning as part of debris management operations to avoid vulnerable pavement sections.

Sustainability assessment of additive manufacturing end-of-life material management

Additive manufacturing (AM) methods enable complex, customized, and on-demand production of many products from different material types across various industries. The growing demand for flexible and more sustainable manufacturing solutions places AM in the mix of processes considered for non-commodities. However, AM processes also present unintentional environmental releases in end-of-life (EoL) material management, compromising overall sustainability. Data availability to assess the sustainability of individual EoL material management from individual AM processes is limited. Even so, EoL materials generated across AM practices frequently overlap, supporting high-level assessment as an alternative approach. Therefore, a holistic AM EoL material management sustainability analysis was completed using a customized list of efficiency, environmental, energy, and economic indicators from the Gauging Reaction Effectiveness for the Environmental Sustainability of Chemistries with a multi-Objective Process Evaluator (GREENSCOPE) methodology. Subsequently, this assessment identified low material recycling rates and high energy costs in some EoL material management processes, such as incineration and recovery. Subsequently, a trade-off analysis was performed to determine process modification opportunities, including implementing recycling to reduce the amount of hazardous waste at the expense of additional energy and cost investment. The AM EoL-specific sustainability analysis serves as a resource to offer insights and empower policymakers and stakeholders to enhance pollution prevention strategies and optimize the existing EoL material management processes.

AWARENESS AND VIOLATION OF BROWN LAWS AMONG CRIMINOLOGY STUDENTS IN CABANATUAN CITY

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of awareness among first year criminology students in Nueva Ecija regarding brown laws, identify instances of non-compliance, understand the underlying reasons and motivations for violation and develop an action plan grounded in the research findings. The participants in this study were the 1st year students of selected Criminology institutions in Cabanatuan City namely: Manuel V. Gallego Foundation (MVGFC), Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST); PHINMA- Araullo University (Main Campus); and Wesleyan University-Philippines (WU-P). The study concludes that Criminology students are generally aware of various Brown Laws, including RA 9275, RA 9003, RA 8749, and RA 6969. However, despite this awareness, there is a notable tendency for some students to commit environmental violations, particularly under RA 6969, which has the lowest level of awareness and is linked to frequent violations such as storing hazardous wastes and knowingly using prohibited chemical substances. The primary reasons for these violations include the laws' lack of popularity, insufficient media dissemination, lenient enforcement, and a shortage of dedicated enforcement personnel. These factors create an environment where environmental laws, despite being known, are often disregarded. Hence, it is recommended to enhance education and awareness, improve media campaigns and strengthen enforcement to secure compliance and deter potential violators. KEYWORDS: Awareness, Violations, Reasons, Brown Laws, Criminology Students

Volatilization and cleaning recovery of Pb, Se and Hg in acid sludge of copper smelting system during vacuum distillation

The high lead acid sludge, containing a small amount of selenium and mercury, is a hazardous waste product of the copper smelting system. Improper disposal of this waste can cause serious harm to the environment. In this study, the method of vacuum distillation was proposed for treating the high lead acid sludge. The study aimed to investigate the volatilization rule of selenium, mercury, and lead in the acid sludge during vacuum distillation, as well as to purify PbSe and metallic lead. The results indicated that under 5 Pa, Hg and Se commence volatilizing at 300 ℃, the content of Hg in volatile substances remains relatively constant after reaching 400 ℃, demonstrating nearly complete volatilization at this temperature with a ratio of 92.93 %. Similarly, selenium almost completely volatilizes at 800 ℃ with a ratio of 96.74 %, while lead does so at around 1000 ℃ with a ratio of approximately 99.27 %. Mercury at 400 ℃ can be recovered as mercury selenide. Lead selenide can be achieved at 800 ℃, while lead sulfate can be decomposed and purified at 1000 ℃ to obtain metallic lead with a purity higher than 99 %. The method can properly treat and recover mercury, selenium, lead and other elements in the acid sludge with short process and no pollution, which provides a new cleaning approach for high lead acid sludge.

Nitrosamine and nicotine exposure after switching from filtered to unfiltered cigarette smoking: a cross-over clinical trial

BackgroundThe cellulose acetate filter is a plastic attachment on nearly all commercial cigarettes sold worldwide. It is the main component of discarded cigarette butts, and the most prevalent waste item...

Borehole disposal of spent fuel and other high-level wastes: the case for deep, vertical, fully cased holes in saturated “hard” rock

Driven by major advances in deep drilling technology and the geological understanding of the deep continental crust over the past 70 years, disposal in deep boreholes has moved from being technically unachievable to the point that it now offers a viable solution for the most hazardous nuclear wastes that could effectively be implemented “tomorrow”—i.e., within a few years. Moreover, disposal in deep boreholes is arguably superior in almost every respect to the mined and engineered repositories being pursued for high level waste by most countries. During the first 50 years of their evolution, almost all deep borehole disposal concepts shared five key aspects: (i) the hole was as deep as possible, (ii) it was vertical, (iii) it was fully cased, and (iv) it was in “hard” basement rock (v) saturated with aqueous fluid (groundwater). Technical advances in drilling over the last 20 years have encouraged proposed versions of the concept which depart from one or more of these aspects, but it is our contention that all five fundamental aspects should be retained. This paper summarises the more important arguments supporting this view. In order to meet the necessary post-closure (radiological) safety requirements, engineer out possible operational problems during construction and waste-package deployment, and capitalise on the main benefits of borehole disposal, the hole itself must be over 3 km deep, vertical, fully cased, and in suitably hard (ideally granitic) host rock saturated with aqueous fluid.

Evironmentally friendly comprehensive utilization of retired waste electrolytes of aluminum electrolysis by calcification leaching

Low energy consumption and environmentally friendly recycling methods can extract high-added value and high-demand elements from retired waste fluorinated aluminum electrolytes (RWE-Al), which is crucial for alleviating resource shortages and environmental hazards. This study aims to develop a method for recovering fluorine and aluminum from RWE-Al through calcium leaching transformation combined with acid leaching. Compared to the traditional high-temperature roasting transformation and high-concentration alkali-metal-salt leaching process, this new process only involves one step of low-temperature leaching, purification of fluorine, carbonization of excess calcium, and evaporation extraction of aluminum, avoiding the generation of high energy consumption and secondary hazardous waste (F-containing liquid/ residue). Fluorine and aluminum are effectively separated and purified with extraction rates exceeding 96%. The effects of leaching temperature, CaO addition coefficient, liquid–solid ratio, and leaching time on the leaching process were systematically studied. The effects of acid concentration, liquid–solid ratio, time, and temperature on the acid-leaching process were also investigated. In summary, the comprehensive utilization of RWE-Al by this new process has proved to be feasible.

The Development of a Prediction Model Related to Food Loss and Waste in Consumer Segments of Agrifood Chain Using Machine Learning Methods

Food loss and waste (FLW) is a primary focus topic related to all human activity. This phenomenon has a great deal of importance due to its effect on the economic and social aspects of human systems. The most integrated approach to food waste analysis is based on the study of FLW alongside the agrifood chain, which has also been performed in previous studies by the authors. This paper presents a modality of determination of food loss and waste effects with an emphasis on consumer segments in agrifood chains in the form of a predictive model based on statistical data collected based on specific methods in Romania. The determination is made comparatively, using two predictive machine learning-based methods and separate instruments (software), in order to establish the best model that fits the collected data structure. In this matter, a Decision Tree Approach (DTA) and a Neural Network Approach (NNA) will be developed, and common methodologies of the approaches will be applied. The results will determine predictive outcomes for a specific food waste (FW) agent (e.g., consumer) based on pattern recognition of the collected data. The results showed relatively high-accuracy predictions, especially for the NN approach, with lower performances using the DTA. The effects of the application of this predictive model will be expected to improve the food loss prevention measures within economic contexts when applied to real-life scenarios.

Curcumin-assisted Preparation of α-Fe2O3@TiO2 Nanocomposites for Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Activity.

Harmful microorganisms like pathogens significantly impact human health. Meanwhile, industrial growth causes pollution and water contamination by releasing untreated hazardous waste. Effective treatment of these microorganisms and contaminants is essential, and nanocomposites may be a promising solution. The present attempt demonstrates the green synthesis of α-Fe2O3@TiO2 nanocomposites (FTNCs) for the effective treatment of pathogens and organic contaminants. The α-Fe2O3@TiO2 nanocomposites (FTNCs) has been synthesized through a green approach utilizing curcumin extract. Curcumin (Turmeric) extract (TEx) was prepared by washing, drying, and crushing 5 g of turmeric, then boiling it in 100 mL distilled water at 70°C for 1 hour. Metal salts (Fe3+/Ti4+, 2:1) were added to 100 mL of TEx under continuous stirring at 70°C for 24 h. The solution was rinsed and dried at 80°C overnight and heated at 300°C for 3 h to remove impurities. Synthesized FTNCs have been tested for the potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Abony, Pseudomonas sp.). Observations discovered noteworthy inhibition of both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria by FTNCs. Furthermore, the FTNCs system shows the energy band gap of ~2.6 eV which may suppress electron recombination, thereby enhancing photocatalysis and examined against Evans blue (EB) and Congo red (CR) dyes under UV and visible light (125 W) irradiation. The remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency (DE) for CR reached ~67.4% in 60 min. A simple green approach has been demonstrated for the synthesis of the FTNCs using curcumin-mediated reduction. As prepared FTNCs have been evaluated for potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Abony, Pseudomonas sp.). The results show that the highest ZID values have been obtained for 5 mg/mL concertation of FTNCs of ~14, 22,18, 21, and 20 and 29 mm for E. coli, S. abony, S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. faecalis, and Pseudomonas sp., respectively. Additionally, FTNCs demonstrate remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency against EB and CR dyes under UV (125 W) irradiation, achieving 56, 67% degradation within 60 minutes for EB and CR. The findings suggest that the FTNCs hold promise for long-term antimicrobial efficacy against various bacteria and offer the potential for addressing water and wastewater contaminants through photocatalysis.

Application of melting technology in the treatment of nonferrous hazardous waste residues

ABSTRACT In order to find a more effective treatment method for non-ferrous hazardous waste residues, the research proposed the fusion disposal technology of collaborative resource residues. The empirical results showed that the leaching concentrations of Cr and Pb of the molten products of the resource residue were maintained at 0 mg/L, and the final leaching concentrations of most heavy metals were within 0.10 mg/L, which showed low toxicity to the environment. The above results show that the fusion disposal technology of collaborative resource residue is an effective treatment method. The fusion disposal technology not only reduces the heavy metal leaching concentration of non-ferrous metals, but also promotes the development of hazardous waste residue treatment technology.

Polyurethane Vitrimers Engineered with Nitrogen-Coordinating Cyclic Boronic Diester Bonds for Sustainable Bioelectronics.

Flexible bioelectronic devices seamlessly interface with organs and tissues, offering unprecedented opportunity for timely prevention, early diagnosis, and medical therapies. However, the majority of flexible substrates utilized in bioelectronics still encounter significant challenges in terms of recyclability and reprocessing, leading to the accumulation of environmentally and biologically hazardous toxic waste. Here, the study reports the design of recyclable polyurethane (PU) vitrimers engineered with internal boron-nitrogen coordination bonds that can reversibly dissociate to boronic acids and hydroxyl, or undergo metathesis reaction following an associative pathway. The study demonstrates the capacity of these recyclable PU vitrimers as flexible substrates in various wearable and implantable bioelectronic applications, achieving high-quality electrophysiological recordings and stimulation. Furthermore, the study establishes a sustainable recycling process by reconstructing a range of bioelectronic devices from the recycled PU vitrimers without compromising the mechanical performance. This closed-loop approach not only addresses the critical challenge of the reclaiming medical electronic waste but also paves the way for the development of sustainable flexible bioelectronics for healthcare applications.