Indian Town Research Articles

Investigating Gender-Based Stereotypes in Advertisement Landscape: A Multimodal Analysis of an Indian Town

Abstract This study examines the prevalence of gender stereotypes in outdoor advertising within an Indian satellite town, focusing on the portrayal of women and men in stereotypical gender roles. Images of outdoor advertisements were collected from the busy streets and subjected to purposive sampling for analysis. The analysis was done with critical discourse analysis and multimodal discourse analysis. The results reveal a clear endorsement of men in powerful and high-status positions, while women are consistently depicted as objects and confined to traditional roles as homemakers. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the importance of addressing gender issues, not only for cultural understanding but also for recognizing the pervasive influence of gender-based social conditioning, which undermines the foundation of an equitable society.

Gig Workers: A Paradigm Shift in the Indian Workforce—A Bibliometric Analysis and Future Directions

Gig workers across India seem to be looming large. Though it is in its infancy stage, it has led to millions of jobs being created for workers. It can penetrate Indian urban towns and cities, connecting workers with consumers and clients. Currently, the gig-platform economy is aiming to unfold a paradigm shift. The gig-workers number is on the rise, but its nature happens to be temporary. Technology advancement linked to Industry 4.0, the global financial crisis of 2007–2009, and the Coronavirus-2019 abnormal emergency have led the gig economy to grow faster. The workforce is currently about 8 million in 2020–2021, found in India being employed, which which eventually increase. A bibliometric analysis is adopted in this study. Out of 247 documents retrieved, ranging from 2009 to 2022, 242 papers from Scopus were considered. Data visualization and quantitative analysis were done using VOSviewer and RStudio. Top cited countries, research contribution of countries, authors impact, most global cited documents, and journal impact are the analyses carried out using RStudio. Apart from this quantitative analysis, the findings of 11 articles were synthesized and tabulated. The overlay visualization of keywords revealed that a shift is taking place from digital platforms like information systems, information use, gamification, and crowdsourcing to COVID-19, workers, psychology, and human experiments. The keywords like “Employment”, “Workers”, “Human”, “Gig Economy”, and “HRM” have the highest frequency in the “word cloud”. Thus, human aspects like recognition, rewards, and health protections ought to be given importance for the work they are doing.

Co-relation of lip print with ABO blood group and gender: A pilot study on student population of north Indian town

Co-relation of lip print with ABO blood group and gender: A pilot study on student population of north Indian town

VIEWING KIRAN DESAI'S HULLABALOO IN THE GUAVA ORCHARD THROUGH THE LENS OF ECOCRITICISM

This research paper explores the literary work of Kiran Desai, specifically her novel "Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard," through the critical framework of Ecocriticism. The novel presents a rich tapestry of characters and narratives set in the fictional Indian town of Shahkot, offering a unique perspective on the intricate relationship between human beings and the natural world. By employing ecocritical analysis, this study examines how Desai's narrative explores environmental themes, portraying the complex interplay between Nature, culture, and society. The research begins by providing an overview of Ecocriticism as a theoretical framework, highlighting its relevance in understanding literature's engagement with environmental issues.

Efficacy of an Artificial Intelligence App (Aysa) in Dermatological Diagnosis: Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Dermatology is an ideal specialty for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven image recognition to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient care. Lack of dermatologists in many parts of the world and the high frequency of cutaneous disorders and malignancies highlight the increasing need for AI-aided diagnosis. Although AI-based applications for the identification of dermatological conditions are widely available, research assessing their reliability and accuracy is lacking. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of the Aysa AI app as a preliminary diagnostic tool for various dermatological conditions in a semiurban town in India. This observational cross-sectional study included patients over the age of 2 years who visited the dermatology clinic. Images of lesions from individuals with various skin disorders were uploaded to the app after obtaining informed consent. The app was used to make a patient profile, identify lesion morphology, plot the location on a human model, and answer questions regarding duration and symptoms. The app presented eight differential diagnoses, which were compared with the clinical diagnosis. The model's performance was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1-score. Comparison of categorical variables was performed with the χ2 test and statistical significance was considered at P<.05. A total of 700 patients were part of the study. A wide variety of skin conditions were grouped into 12 categories. The AI model had a mean top-1 sensitivity of 71% (95% CI 61.5%-74.3%), top-3 sensitivity of 86.1% (95% CI 83.4%-88.6%), and all-8 sensitivity of 95.1% (95% CI 93.3%-96.6%). The top-1 sensitivities for diagnosis of skin infestations, disorders of keratinization, other inflammatory conditions, and bacterial infections were 85.7%, 85.7%, 82.7%, and 81.8%, respectively. In the case of photodermatoses and malignant tumors, the top-1 sensitivities were 33.3% and 10%, respectively. Each category had a strong correlation between the clinical diagnosis and the probable diagnoses (P<.001). The Aysa app showed promising results in identifying most dermatoses.

Challenges faced by the pre start ups in hilly areas of Uttarkhand

Abstract Start-ups is not the new terminology used now a days in India as there are tremendous number of start-ups are blooming in each and every small corners of villages and towns of India and Uttarkahand. The small Hilly state is also not far behind its performance in the star-up enterprises. Start ups means the new business started with some new ideas which are innovative and full of creativity. The start ups are those business units which are initially started with the financial help of their family, friends, relatives, acquaintances and through the government financial schemes mainly formulated for assisting the start up business units. Later on these start ups can grow their business with the financial help taken from the angel investors and from any other sources of finance. There are mainly three stages have been found for the business entrepreneurs such as existence, survival and success. This first stage is called the pre start up and second and third as start up. This paper states the present status and the problems faced by the pre start-ups of Uttarakhand to mobile towards start up and scale up their enterprises This paper also explain the suggestive measures to reduce these hindrances in order to enhance their scale of production and sale. Key Words: start up, scalable business, pre start up, challenges etc.

Small Town Stardom and the Big Picture: Cinematic Intimacies on TikTok

This article demonstrates how new media technologies remediate traditional cinematic modes of stardom, specifically in and through small towns in India. Through two case studies, it explores registers of stardom that have emerged through the short video sharing app TikTok – both on the platform and in its filmic renditions. The first case looks at the cinematic construct of a TikTok star, which fuels the formal and narrative force of the 2019 film Bala (dir. Amar Kaushik). Bala illustrates how cinema can self-reflexively interweave traditional tropes with new media technologies. The second case features a ‘real-life’ TikTok star and political aspirant who brings into focus the political and electoral valence of TikTok stardom in the town of Adampur, Haryana. The cinematic is central to this narrative, where cinephilic nostalgia indicates a shared cultural intimacy between the political candidate and her followers and helps further her political ambitions. While the real TikTok star, Sonali Phogat, directly addresses her constituency, lip-syncing to old movie songs in 15-second videos, her reel counterparts pay homage to their cine-ancestors, 15 seconds at a time. In a setting where ‘the star’ has traditionally been understood through the prism of cinema, this article brings to light shifting registers invoked through the platformisation of the star and the cinematic in small town India.

Malgudi a Fictional World: A Critical Study on R.K. Narayan’s Malgudi Days

Rasipuram Krishna Swami Iyer Narayanaswami, a leading writer of early Indian English literature famous for his works set in the fictional South Indian town of Malgudi. Malgudi is the fictional place of R.K. Narayan, like Wordsworth’s Lake District and Arnold Bennett’s Five Cities. It is the eternal source of pleasure and sadness for the characters of the novel. This article consists of four parts; such as introduction, setting, people and structure. It has its limitations, but it is hoped that it will help those who lead the same path. It analyzes and interprets the life of this city. This distinguishes the author’s approach to Indian life from that of some Western writers. It also shows a live image of configuration Malgudi. Additionally; it focuses on the people and structure of Malgudi.

URBANIZATION AS AN INDICATOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA: AN INTROSPECTIVE STUDY THROUGH GINI CONCENTRATION

Introduction: Development and urbanisation are closely related, there isn't a clear-cut relationship between the two. The process of urbanization can be measured in terms of many demographic dimensions. Objective: The paper aims to calculate the Gini Concentration Ratio (GCR) of urban population i.e., Co-efficient of urban concentration for the urban towns in India for 2001 and 2011 censuses to examine whether urban concentration increases or not leading to urbanization. Method: This study is an introspective type of research based on secondary data gathered from books, articles, websites, web-based journals, Census Reports, and government offices. Result and Discussion: Gini-Concentration Ratio is used to calculate for 2001 and 2011 censuses and its different values are interpreted. Findings: The value of Gini concentration ratio of 2011 census is greater than 2001 census indicating that the concentration of urban population is increasing thereby development of India. Conclusion: An important way to reduce the differences in the rate of urbanisation between rural and urban areas is seemed to prioritise for socio-economic development of the country.

Indian Towns and Lands on the Borders of Colotlán during the 18th Century

El presente trabajo aborda la problemática social que vivieron los pueblos de indios ubicados en las Fronteras de San Luis Colotlán durante el siglo XVIII. En este análisis se parte del supuesto de que, a medida que transcurrió dicha centuria, los conflictos por tierras entre los pueblos de indios contra haciendas y ranchos se hicieron más recurrentes; sin embargo, más allá de plantear que sólo se trató de una presión paulatina por el crecimiento demográfico o la llegada de nuevos pobladores a un territorio habitado primordialmente por indígenas, los problemas de los pueblos de indios se agravaron debido a las nuevas medidas políticas que implementaron las autoridades novohispanas tendentes a eliminar los privilegios especiales que, desde finales del siglo XVI, se les había concedido a los nativos en su calidad de soldados de frontera.

Micro Partitions: Interrogating ‘Punjabi Refugee’ Identities

This special section on micro partitions follows ‘the reduction in scale’ from macro in national to meso in regional and micro in micro-regional histories in the field of Partition studies through focusing on micro-narratives of Partition from Punjab, a region divided between India and Pakistan after the Partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The focus of the essays is on affective memories of Partition in testimonies and cultural representations to examine the microhistories of displaced persons in micro-regions in West Punjab, including the North Western Frontier Province (Kohat, Bannu, Derajat), South Punjab (Multan, Bahawalpur) and the Mewat region in India, resettled in metro and non-metro cities and towns in India, Pakistan and the UK, through the lens of microhistory or microstoria and affect theories. The section hopes to examine the Partition’s affective charge embodied in ‘vernacular’ languages and representational forms left out of print cultures, 1 which include both traditional genres such as ritual theatre, folk-songs, folk music, folk-tales and proverbs as well as contemporary ones like popular music, ritual practices, festivals and pilgrimage sites through which communities from these micro-regions have represented Partition’s collective trauma. It draws on the methods of microhistory to closely analyse narratives of small local events, communities and neighbourhoods in Punjab’s micro-regions and subregions to connect the stories of these small places and ‘little’ people with the macro-narrative or grand narrative of Partition, so as to inquire what microhistory can bring to the understanding of Partition, as well as whether the micro-narratives relate to or throw new light on metanarratives. 2

IN VITRO INVESTIGATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-UROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF HOMONOIA RETUSA ROOTS

Ayurvedic practitioners utilise Pashanabheda as an anti-urolithiatic. The root of Homonoia retusa (Euphorbiaceae), which grows in the Indian town of Tirupathi, was chosen for this study's screening for its antioxidant and anti-urolithiatic properties. The hydrogen peroxide assay (H2O2), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) techniques were utilised to assess antioxidant activity. The anti-urolithiatic activity was evaluated by nucleation and aggregation assay by adding 0.01 M sodium oxalate solutions that caused the crystallisation of Calcium oxalate. By measuring turbidity in the presence or absence of extract at 620 nm using a spectrophotometer, the effect of extract (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 µg/ml) was investigated. According to the result, aqueous root extract can prevent crystal growth and aggregation more than methanol-based root extract.

Perceived Mental Health among Identified Talented and Nonidentified Students from Indian Villages, Towns, and Cities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The present study investigates the perception of experience of depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) among young adults (18–22 years of age) from different locales in India during the global COVID-19 pandemic. The sample included 1,020 participants (603 males and 417 females) with 470 identified talented students (ITS) and 550 nonidentified students (NiS) from Indian villages, towns, and cities. multivariate analysis of variance and ordinal logistic regression analysis were carried out to understand the differences between the various subcategories and the probability of having high negative emotional states among those groups. Results point toward varying levels of DAS depending on whether they were ITS or NiS, whether male or female, and whether they came from Indian villages, towns, or cities. Both similarities and dissimilarities with other studies were observed, and the results provide insights into the effect of the pandemic on the mental health of young adults in India. The importance of developing psychological support systems for all students is implicated in the findings of the study.

A STUDY ON THE CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING IN VANIYAMBADI TOWN

Over the past decade, there has been a significant shift in consumer behavior, with a notable inclination towards online shopping. Despite a continued preference for traditional brick-and-mortar stores, online shopping offers unparalleled convenience by eliminating the need for in-person visits. Particularly in smaller towns in India, e-commerce has emerged as a vital avenue, granting access to quality products and services comparable to those available in larger cities. Increased internet accessibility has played a pivotal role in expanding the reach of potential customers. Individuals now possess the freedom to make well-informed decisions conveniently from their residences, allowing them to compare a variety of options and effortlessly evaluate prices in comparison to competitors' offerings. This research centers on gaining insights into consumer behavior related to online shopping, with a particular focus on Vaniyambadi town.

Celebrating Professor Rajeev K. Varshney's transformative research odyssey from genomics to the field on his induction as Fellow of the Royal Society.

Professor Rajeev K. Varshney's transformative impact on crop genomics, genetics, and agriculture is the result of his passion, dedication, and unyielding commitment to harnessing the potential of genomics to address the most pressing challenges faced by the global agricultural community. Starting from a small town in India and reaching the global stage, Professor Varshney's academic and professional trajectory has inspired many scientists active in research today. His ground-breaking work, especially his effort to list orphan tropical crops to genomic resource-rich entities, has been transformative. Beyond his scientific achievements, Professor Varshney is recognized by his colleagues as an exemplary mentor, fostering the growth of future researchers, building institutional capacity, and strengthening scientific capability. His focus on translational genomics and strengthening seed system in developing countries for the improvement of agriculture has made a tangible impact on farmers' lives. His skills have been best utilized in roles at leading research centres where he has applied his expertise to deliver a new vision for crop improvement. These efforts have now been recognized by the Royal Society with the award of the Fellowship (FRS). As we mark this significant milestone in his career, we not only celebrate Professor Varshney's accomplishments but also his wider contributions that continue to transform the agriculturallandscape.

A Comparative Study on the Issues and Impacts of Land Use Planning in Indian and International Hill Cities

Abstract Land is the most important asset used by humans for existence and has been exploited since the dawn of civilization. Due to the unprecedently high rate of population expansion that has resulted in chaotic urban development, the land use pattern in most metropolitan areas has changed significantly in the recent past. The unplanned development and rapid urbanization are also occurring in India’s hill cities, and thus land use planning is becoming increasingly important. Moreover, due to geography, terrain, slope, climate, susceptibility to natural disasters, and other factors, planning in the hills is very difficult. This has led to several problems in hill towns, all of which require a well-thought-out framework for systematic urban development. The prime objective of the study is to get fully acquainted with the current processes of land use planning in India and abroad by examining a variety of instances, as well as analysing the efficacy of such processes in their respective hill cities. A comparative study of best land use practices being followed in hill towns in India and abroad is also carried out to identify any gaps and issues in the land use planning techniques being used in Indian hill towns.

A comprehensive study on the physicochemical characteristics of faecal sludge from septic tank and single pit latrine facilities in a typical semi-urban Indian town: a case study of Rajasthan, India

Faecal sludge (FS) samples were analysed to assess their characteristics. FS has high chemical oxygen demand, ranging from 4406 to 160 000 mg l−1, influenced by sludge age, sanitation type, and inflow/outflow to onsite sanitation contaminants.

The Role of Migration in Classes of Labour: Work and Life in a Central Indian Steel Town

The Role of Migration in <i>Classes of Labour: Work and Life in a Central Indian Steel Town</i>

Emerging Challenges of Labour in Small and Medium Towns in India, A Case Study of Betamcherla, Andhra Pradesh

Small and Medium towns play a critical role in the complex process of urbanisation in India. At present about 40% of the total urban population resides in these towns. Also the towns are self-sustained in nature. In view of it, this paper focuses on the economic scenario in terms of the labour market in a small census town, Betamcherla in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The study intends to identify the various types of engines of economic growth and the structure of the labour market through the types of workforces, their socio-economic scenarios and also the initiatives taken by the government for support of their livelihoods. The paper further focuses on the impact of migration which needs to bring limelight on such settlements. Disparity of the income measured through Lorenz curves which results in less than 20% of income concentrated with few sections of the people. The study also identifies a shift in the sourcing of labours, which previously shows people from local areas, whereas in the present scenario labours are being outsourced from other states. These fluctuations in the labour sector are analysed to understand the character of these settlements which act autonomous. The paper suggests these settlements should focus on the labour incentives in the manufacturing sector apart from the primary sector unlike typical Gram Panchayats and the recognition of these as transition centres should be done for required utility and services provisions for the labour and industry.

Mill, Market, Mandir, Masjid: The Geographies of Communal Conflict in Colonial Bombay, c. 1929–39

This article reframes a crucial period in the history of popular politics in colonial Bombay. Focusing on Hindu-Muslim antagonism between 1929 and 1939, it highlights the centrality of everyday urban spaces and places in shaping the context, dynamics and nature of communal conflict in a putatively cosmopolitan city. The first section shows how recurrent communal discord in Bombay was the outcome of two spatially contingent political developments that occurred concurrently in the years between 1929 and 1933. On the one hand, intra-class tensions engendered by industrial strife in tandem with the rapid ascendancy of the communist-led Girni Kamgar Union in the mill districts resulted in a communal backlash. On the other hand, the launch of the Congress’ Civil Disobedience movement deepened Hindu-Muslim differences in the market areas of the Indian town. The second section focuses on clashes over religious places and processions, which became a chronic feature of urban life in the 1930s. Through a range of examples, it underscores how local disputes over sacred sites and religious rites became integral to the political construction of communal identities in late colonial Bombay.