Tourist Guidebooks Research Articles

Using Pathos, Logos and Ethos in Tourist Guidebooks

This paper examines the use of ethos, pathos and logos in tourist guides published in Albania in English. This study follows a larger project that carried out a corpus analysis of tourist guides published from 2015 and 2019, provided by the Travel Magazine in Tirana, Albania. The data were analysed qualitatively by using Aristotelian rhetorical theory. The results show that some persuasive techniques were used by authors of tourist guides. It appears that the appeal to pathos was highly preferred, as it represents a means to directly connect with authors‘ emotions. The second most appealing was ethos, where the authors used their own ethics and credibility to persuade future travellers to opt for Albania for their future holidays. Finally, the present study shows that tourist texts should be linked to emotions in order to achieve their goals in promoting tourism and persuading foreign travellers.

“The reader can never be sure what’s going to come next”: political reflexivity, ethics and queer affiliations in Oswell Blakeston’s 1950s travel writing/guide books

ABSTRACT Oswell Blakeston’s four now largely forgotten travel books, Portuguese Panorama (1955), Isle of St. Helena (1957), Sun at Midnight: Finland Holiday (1958), and Thank You Now: An Exploration of Ulster (1960), warrant the attention of contemporary scholars of travel writing. This article outlines how Blakeston’s writing about his travels, or holidays, further illuminates contemporary historical explorations of the continuum, rather than categorical opposition, between tourist guidebooks and travel writing. Blakeston's travel writing also exhibits a degree of what Debbie Lisle describes as “political reflexivity”. Related to this, his work narrates ethical interactions with new friends encountered on his journeys, while also dramatising some of the inevitable limitations this entails. Analysis of Blakeston’s travel writing also highlights links between the preoccupations detailed above and his queer modernist cultural lineage. This article therefore expands our historical understanding of the diversity of queer British travel writing during the twentieth century.

일본 여행안내서와 기행문으로 본 일제강점기 인천의 관광지 연구

After Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese regime encouraged its people’s trip to colonies, leading to a boom of overseas trip to Manchuria and Joseon in Japan.
 The Japanese regime established tourism policies as suppliers of tourism and actively created tourist attractions. Meanwhile, Incheon was urbanized as a port city that served as the entrance to Seoul after the opening of the port, but its image as a tourist city has also been established since the 1920s. The purpose of this study was to first review tourist guidebooks to examine tourist attractions in Incheon created and recommended by tourism suppliers in Japanese colonial era, and second, to analyze travel writings to examine how Japanese, who were the main tourists of Incheon at the time, toured Incheon's tourist attractions. In this analysis, we attempted to capture changes over time. As a result, Most of the tourist attractions in Incheon recommended by tourism suppliers were created after Japanese colonial era, and most of them recommended by suppliers of tourism were mostly places justifying the Japanese rule and showing the superiority of imperial Japan. Japanese who visited Incheon did not deviate much from the tourist attractions and tour schedules proposed to tourism suppliers. Therefore, it can be evaluated that Incheon's tourism in a Japanese colonial era has properly realized the intention of the tourism supplier.

EUROPEAN GUIDEBOOKS AS A GENRE OF TOURISM DISCOURSE: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND MODERN CLASSIFICATION

The article studies the formation of the travel guidebook as a genre of tourism discourse, whose key features are a high degree of generalization, the accuracy of information, impersonality and persuasion. The tourist guide is an applied genre and also a cultural representation of the past of a city or region. Moreover, the guidebook is a historical object, which can say a great deal about both the destination that it describes and the culture in which it is made, as well as the values of society in the period when it was written. The main stages of the genre development are researched on the material of specific printed guidebooks. Particular attention is paid to European guidebooks. The article highlights some socio-cultural peculiarities that influence the development of the genre. The paper also provides the classification of modern tourist guidebooks and shows their changing role in the digital era. While more people report using the Internet for travel, guidebooks are still rated as the most influential source of information by travellers. The findings suggest that both the uses and the value types of guidebooks are related to emerging information communication technologies.

Pioneers, progress and the sublime: Blue Mountains tourist promotion, 1885–1894

This paper explores the representation of the Blue Mountains portrayed in a handful of tourist guidebooks (published 1885–1894) for the region. It argues that tourist promoters continued to depict the area in terms of the romantic sublime, not only because they believed tourists sought a transcendental experience, but also to accentuate the heroic achievements of the colonial explorers who had first attempted to cross the mountains. Finally, it suggests that tourist literature was an important medium for the dissemination of myths relating to a collective search for a settler identity, and therefore presented a one-dimensional vision of the past that did not properly account for the problematic history of settler-Indigenous relations.

Kathryn Ciancia. On Civilization’s Edge: A Polish Borderland in the Interwar World.

Kathryn Ciancia. <i>On Civilization’s Edge: A Polish Borderland in the Interwar World.</i>

Review: Religions of Beijing, edited by You Bin and Timothy Knepper and Photography by Bob Blanchard

Religions of Beijing is a long photo essay on seventeen of Beijing’s most prominent and historically significant Buddhist, Daoist, Christian, Confucian, and folk religion places of worship. While far from encyclopedic in its coverage of these select sites, the text provides more information and cultural context than most tourist guidebooks, and could effectively be used as one. All of the religious sites examined are approved and regulated by the government of the Peoples Republic of China, of course.This attractively produced book is the end-product of an obviously intense, high budget faculty-student collaborative research project. The bilingual text, Chinese on the left-hand pages and English on the right, was written in short formulaic sections by Chinese students from Minzu University and then professionally translated into English. Drake University students subsequently edited the entries in collaboration with the Chinese student authors. Many of the Drake student-editors visited the sites as well. While artifacts of the original Chinese wording and construction are discernable in the text—as well as subtle signs of Chinese governmental indoctrination and analytical categories—the effect is mostly charming, and intelligibility is never a problem. Occasional normative passages reveal the students’ awkward efforts to sound sympathetic to traditions they do not follow. Again, this is part of the appeal. The more than one hundred color photos accompanying the entries were taken by Bob Blanchard, a professional photographer. They’re beautiful and bring the descriptions to life, but they undermine the students’ role in the collaboration, at least in my opinion. Surely many students possess the camera skills to document a project like this.In structure and design, Religions of Beijing is modeled on A Spectrum of Faith, a 2017 book exploring the temples and places of worship of major world religions in greater Des Moines, Iowa, also written by Drake students, edited by Knepper, and with photographs by Bob Blanchard. Both books demonstrate the value of faculty-student collaborative research and publication. Religions of Beijing, in particular, stands out as the most impressive outcome of a faculty-student research project I have ever seen.Given the ongoing suppression of religion in the PRC, student travel groups might wish to boycott the country, so this is a project unlikely to be duplicated, either in Beijing or in other communities within the country. As a stimulus for similar projects elsewhere, however, the book has solid value, both suggesting a format and serving as an inspiration.

Negotiating the nation: public diplomacy and the publication of English-language tourist guidebooks of Japan in the Meiji period (1868–1912)

Tourist guidebooks are powerful instruments of public diplomacy: as supposedly ‘impersonal’ descriptions, intended for ‘average’ readers, they can be used to subtly promote careful national narratives, and to draw the attention of foreign publics to a country’s soft power. This article analyses, in this light, the English-language tourist guidebooks of Japan published by the Society called Kihinkai (Welcome Society, 1893–1912), the earliest Japanese organization for the promotion of inbound tourism. It relates them to the popular handbooks of Japan published by the British House of Murray, which were adopted as their model. Murray’s handbooks ‘created’ Japan as an international tourist destination for a majority of English-speaking travellers, responding to common travel tropes and expectations about the country. The Kihinkai’s guidebooks engaged with them in the form of ‘autoethnographic’ texts, adopting their style and language, as a way to partake in their established reputation of authoritativeness. At the same time, they carefully reframed their narrative of Japan, in a way that was coherent with the Kihinkai’s general ‘diplomatic’ strategy – born of the background of its founders and supporters, and of the coming together of private and public sector interests.

Functional Specificity of the Guidebook to the Concentration Camp Memorial

This article forms part of series of comparative studies dealing with tourist guidebooks to the memorials of various former concentration camps in Germany published years ago during the GDR era and today. The authors substantiate the need to consider the former concentration camp memorial guidebook as an independent kind of genre identifying both functions for the memorial guidebook and inappropriate functions and underlying the need to expand the usual genre functionality of the guidebook. A new group of tourist guidebooks has been introduced. These are guidebooks of so-called places of traumatic memory as the former Nazi concentration camps can be considered. These guidebooks form homogeneous group among a vast variety of tourist guidebooks.

Between Ethnocentrism and Multiculturalism: The Cultural Landscape in Polish Guidebooks to Vilnius (1856–1939) and Zalmen Szyk's Toyznt yor Vilne

This article explores changes over time in the manner in which multiculturalism in Vilnius was shown and evaluated in tourist guidebooks written between 1856 and 1939. It provides an overview of narratives which serves as a background reflecting the uniqueness of Zalmen Szyk’s Yiddish-language publication Toyznt yor Vilne (1939). From the mid-19th century on, one can detect an increasingly strident nationalist patriotism in Polish-language books of this genre, underscored by ethnocentrism and nationalistic megalomania. The city is depicted in most of these guidebooks as a bastion of Polish spirit and martyrdom, the quintessential example being a guidebook published by Juliusz Kłos in 1923. Zalmen Szyk, on the other hand, evinces a much greater readiness to incorporate various models of historical memory and interpretations of urban space: Vilnius in his work is unashamedly multicultural, without a trace of ethnocentrism. Szyk is extremely meticulous and unprejudiced in his treatment of all the ethnic groups living in the city and the heritage they left behind. He writes about each group in turn: Lithuanians, Poles, Ruthenians, Tartars, Germans and Jews, and the adherents of Catholicism, Judaism, Orthodoxy, Protestantism and Islam are all accounted for. In comparison with the Polish-language guides, Szyk’s Yiddish guide to multicultural Vilnius contains by far the most comprehensive description of the Polish cultural presence; notably, he does not shy away from incorporating elements of the romantic model of Polish martyrdom.

Who Could Afford to Buy a Guidebook? Socioeconomic Determinants of the Development of Tourism in the Polish Lands in the 19th Century

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to characterize Polish tourist guidebooks of the 19th century in terms of their accessibility for the readers of the time. Major barriers to accessing this type of literature were identified, including the poor state of education, lack of financial resources to travel, and the high prices of guidebooks (especially those published in the first half of the century). Design/Methodology/Approach: The research methodology is based on the analysis of sources from the period discussed, especially the guidebooks and journals containing information about them. The research findings were confronted with the scientific literature on tourism development and guidebook publications from this period. Findings: The research has shown that a great number of Polish tourist guidebooks were written in the 19th century despite the fact that the country was then divided into partitions. Most of the analyzed publications concerned cities, but there were also guidebooks to specific monuments, health resorts, and mountains. The readers of the guidebooks were primarily educated people with at least an average standard of living, who had a regular income that allowed them to travel and purchase books. The prices of the oldest guidebooks were high, but over time, these publications became relatively much cheaper. Practical implications: The study may have an impact on the development of academic research on the economic aspects of tourism in the 19th century. The findings may also serve the creators of contemporary guidebooks, indicating the desired features of these publications from the tourists’ point of view. Originality/Value: The paper broadens the knowledge on socioeconomic aspects of the functioning of Polish guidebooks in the 19th century and presents these issues in the broader context of European guidebook literature of the period.

A comparison of English tourist guidebooks available at local airports in Japan and international airports

A comparison of English tourist guidebooks available at local airports in Japan and international airports

MELACAK AKAR KREATIVITAS DI KOTA BANDUNG MASA KOLONIAL

&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;In 2007 Bandung was designated as a pilot project for the creative cities of Asia Pacific, and in 2015 Bandung was included in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network. It is related to the development of the city of Bandung and the creativity of the population. Its creativity is formed through a process. This article traces the roots of this creativity since the beginning of its formation in the early 19th century to become the city of Bandung in the early 20th century. The method used is the historical method supported by creative cities’ and voluntary organization’s concepts. Primary sources were official government archives, tourist guidebooks, magazines, and newspapers. The result shows that the roots of the creativity of the Bandung population have been formed since the colonial period, both individually and in groups. Through the synergy between the community and leaders in the city of Bandung, they are incorporated into organizations whose initial goals are for the welfare of the people of Bandung, then develop introducing the city of Bandung for people from outside Bandung in tourism activities. They prepared several infrastructure facilities and built tourism objects for both citizens and tourists.&lt;/p&gt;

‘GO TO BIESZCZADY!’: TOURISM IN THE WESTERN BIESZCZADY MOUNTAINS IN THE 1930s

Purpose. The aim of the study is focused on the development of tourism in the Western Bieszczady Mountains in the 1930s, the period being a turning point which started to change the perception of the region and its opportunities for further progress in the field. Method. To present a comprehensive image of the issue in question, individual subsections covered in the study are devoted to available contemporary sources of tourist information, including maps and guidebooks, the creation of an activity profile of selected organisations, institutions and societies which had undertaken various steps and made investments in the tourist infrastructure. Furthermore, the contemporary transportation network and accommodation possibilities are discussed to outline the most severe limitations of tourism in the region. A depiction of marked tourist trails allowing first trips in the Western Bieszczady Mountains to be undertaken was also provided. To convey the intended study, historical-type methodology was applied. Findings. The conducted analysis indicates that one of the most significant issues hindering the development of tourism in the region was the unsatisfactory transportation network, and especially the quality of roads and lack of means of transport which would successfully link eastern and western railroads, allowing further touristic exploration and development of tourist infrastructure, especially places of accommodation. Furthermore, analysis of the contemporary sources indicates that the previously negative perception of the Western Bieszczady Mountains among tourists and specialists in the field had started to change. Research and conclusions limitations. The final conclusion, stating that the 1930s may be treated as a turning point in the development of tourism in the Western Bieszczady Mountains, at least in terms of their perception, can be drawn thanks to analysis of the available primary sources issued in the covered period. Practical implications. The presented discussion demonstrating the development of tourism in the Western Bieszczady Mountains in the covered period of time may constitute very useful material for any further research devoted to the history of tourism in Poland, and especially for studies discussing the history of mountain tourism in the Polish Carpathians. Originality. The study offers the first comprehensive discussion provided in Polish literature solely devoted to the topic in question. Previous sources are very limited in terms of analysed primary sources or treat the subject, especially the discussed period of time, as short introductory paragraphs or subsections in the discussion of tourism in the Western Bieszczady Mountains. Type of paper. Monographic article.

North Africa in the Tourist Guidebooks of the 19th and Early 20th Centuries

By the dawn of the twentieth century, a guidebook was a vital element of a tourist’s packing list and an item, which a tourist could not do without. The guidebook not only provided practical and useful information, but also advised the tourist about what ‘ought to be seen’. It accompanied the development and maturation of modern tourism and witnessed an explosion in the second half of the 19th century and after. The guidebook was gradually improved, highly commercialized, popularized, and extended to many parts of the world and somehow managed to impose ‘beaten tracks’ on tourists. Similarly, the guidebook accompanied European colonial schemes, served as a tool for them and reflected their agendas and the mindset of the age. This paper is based on a large number of French and English guidebooks spanning approximately the period between the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and addresses the following questions: when and how was North Africa included in the tourist guidebook literature? What visions did the guidebook provide of the region? How far did the guidebooks contribute to placing North Africa in the global tourist networks and with what effect?

From Old West to Cosmopolitan: Changing Narratives of Oklahoma City Tourist Guidebooks

This article seeks to bridge the gap in scholarship between entrepreneurial urbanism and the understanding of place image as presented through tourist guidebooks. Tourist guidebooks have long been used to sell regions and attractions to prospective tourists. Narratives in these guides often shift to reflect the changing economics, politics, and culture of a region or city. More recently, the rise of entrepreneurial urbanism has been one of those factors that have impacted tourist guidebooks. The (re)construction of a place image through entrepreneurial policies results in the promotion of a select package of facilities or highlighting specific attributes associated with that place. This article illustrates how entrepreneurial urban projects and policies can directly shape a city's tourist promotions. I use Oklahoma City as a case study to explore these impacts and examine more than 30 years of tourist guidebooks to understand the changing narratives of the city in light of entrepreneurial urban policies. More specifically, I show that Oklahoma City officials shifted tourist narratives from overt Old West constructs to constructs rooted in cosmopolitanism in light of entrepreneurial agendas, like the Metropolitan Area Projects and business improvement districts.

A study of English tourist guidebooks at airports in Hokuriku region in Japan

A study of English tourist guidebooks at airports in Hokuriku region in Japan

Tourist information channels as consumer choice: the value of tourist guidebooks in the digital age

ABSTRACTThe present research aims at understanding the value of travel guidebooks as an object of consumption in the context of the digital age. It does so by applying a consumer value perspective to an object that has traditionally been studied as an information channel or as a cultural text and not as an object of consumption. Holbrook’s consumer value framework was adopted to identify the value dimensions associated with guidebooks, and the underlying reasons for their use. Given the explorative nature of the study, a qualitative study design was chosen, and fifteen in-depth interviews were conducted. The results suggest that the use and value of guidebooks are strongly connected to emerging Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Information needs are evolving due to technological development: the constant availability of online information has caused the temporal dimension of tourists’ information needs to shift so that decisions can be postponed until right before consumption, making information search more serendipitous. Several types of value were identified which go beyond information needs, and they are: efficiency, excellence, play, aesthetics, status, esteem, spirituality and ethics.

THE EARLY TOURIST GUIDEBOOKS TO THE DUTCH EAST INDIES AND MALAYA IN THE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURY

&lt;p&gt;At the end of the nineteenth century until the beginning of the twentieth century, International tourists have begun visiting the Dutch East Indies and Malaya. Therefore, guidebooks about the Dutch East Indies and Malaya were published for travellers and tourists. Using the historical method, this article discusses which information, how and why the information presented in the early tourist guidebooks. The result shows that the guidebooks provide various information not only about the objects that can be visited, but also about natural scenery, peoples, culinary, flora, fauna, and customs in the regions. They presented in a long narrative and practical text with illustrations. The illustrations in the Indies’ tourist guidebooks are more varied and accentuate nature and culture compared to Malaya’s guidebooks. Both of them presented exotics objects with the aim to attract western tourists in particular.&lt;/p&gt;

The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) Boundary Site at Lech\xf3wka\u2014a New Point on the Geoheritage Map of Southeastern Poland

A geological section exposed in an abandoned quarry at Lechówka near Chełm represents the most complete record of the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary interval in Poland. Here, a thin clay layer with impact ejecta marks the K-Pg boundary, making Lechówka the single place in Poland with a record of the impact that killed off the dinosaurs. Based on the geoheritage evaluation, the Lechówka outcrop represents a content value of rank intermediate between II and III with the iconographic, symbolic, documental and conceptual contents on the local, regional or even global scale. In spite of the obvious scientific and educational importance of the site, its present state is insufficient to attract ‘ordinary’ geotourists. In order to ameliorate this situation, transformation of the quarry into an officially protected geosite is called for. Only after a formal, technical and infrastructural upgrade of the Lechówka site, combined with popularisation in the media, tourist guidebooks, websites and natural history museums, will it have a chance to become a widely recognised point on the Cretaceous geoheritage map of southeastern Poland. The most important and already well-known localities on this map are the subterranean chalk mines at Chełm, a series of quarries around the mediaeval town of Kazimierz Dolny and a defunct underground phosphorite mine at Annopol, where there are plans for an educational-geotouristic centre.