Tourism Zone Research Articles

Avian and Mammalian Diversity and Abundance in Jhalana Reserve Forest, Jaipur, India.

We utilized camera traps to evaluate animal diversity, relative abundance, and the extent of anthropogenic activities in the Jhalana Reserve Forest (JRF), located in Jaipur, with a population of 3.9 million people. Between November 2017 and November 2019, camera traps were strategically deployed in the tourist zone and peripheral areas, capturing 16,328 photos. This study represents the first comprehensive baseline assessment of animal diversity in the JRF, documenting 39 species, including 18 bird species, 14 mammals, and 6 domestic species, alongside human activity. Among the 14 mammal species, 7 were carnivores. Notably, we identified 25 individual Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) during 2017-2018, comprising 8 males and 17 females, highlighting the leopard as the apex predator in the JRF. Concurrently, domestic animals accompanied by humans were observed within the JRF. However, rigorous conservation efforts and patrols by the Rajasthan Forest Department resulted in a notable decline in human activity, from 28.04% in 2017-2018 to 3.92% in 2018-2019, with domestic animal activity reaching zero in the latter period. Consequently, the relative abundance of wildlife species increased during the study period of 2018-2019, underscoring the positive impact of conservation strategies implemented by authorities. Our findings establish that camera-trapping methodology collates definitive baseline data, assesses mammal diversity, and evaluates relative abundance in reserve forests within human-dominated landscapes. We strongly recommend a further study to assess the avifauna diversity. This study provides critical insights to inform the development and implementation of conservation strategies in similar protected areas.

Spatial Vitality Evaluation of the Great Wall Relics and Tourist Attractions in Hebei Province, China - Focusing on 3 Tourist Zones in Tangshan City -

Spatial Vitality Evaluation of the Great Wall Relics and Tourist Attractions in Hebei Province, China - Focusing on 3 Tourist Zones in Tangshan City -

Threats and Membership of Kandovan in UNESCO

This research aims to explore the heritage and tourist zone of Kandovan in Iran, currently undergoing the UNESCO registration process, but facing rejection due to threats in the area. The primary goal is to offer valuable insights to the Kandovan municipality and officials, assisting them in recognizing and mitigating the prevailing threats to secure the designation of Kandovan as a UNESCO heritage site. The examination of the heritage zone in Kandovan, Iran, involved a comprehensive approach incorporating a literature review, interviews, and on-site observations. Interviews were conducted with Kandovan officials to inquire about the heritage criteria, existing challenges and threats, future initiatives, and notable transformations. Field observations were employed to assess the physical characteristics and layout of the heritage area, residents' interactions with the heritage sites, and issues affecting tourists, including accommodation shortages and architectural concerns. The findings of this study have identified the threats present in Kandovan, as acknowledged by UNESCO. The majority of these threats have emerged as a consequence of the expanding urbanization and tourism activities in Kandovan, emphasizing the need for effective management and controlled development in the area.

Deformation mitigation and twisting moment control in space frames

Over the last five decades, space frames have centered on the modernization of touristic zones in view of architectural attractions. Although attempts to control joint movement and minimize axial force and bending moment in such structures were made sufficiently, twisting moments in space frames have been underestimated so far. In space frames, external load or restoring the misshapen shape may cause twisting in members. We herein developed a robust computational algorithm to reduce the induced torsional moment through shape restoration within a desired limit by changing the length of active bars that are placed in space frames. Applying optimization algorithms like interior-point and Sequential quadratic programming (SQP), a direct correlation was pursued between bar length alteration and twisting in structural members. A numerical model of a single-layer space frame resembling an egg captures the twisting moment in all members, achieving a specified limit. The overall length change of the active members using an iterative process based on a heuristic that considers a threshold on the minimum length change of the active members.

Geotechnical Evaluation of Landslide Risks in Bali's Tourism Zones – A Case Study from Candidasa, Bali, Indonesia

Geotechnical Evaluation of Landslide Risks in Bali's Tourism Zones – A Case Study from Candidasa, Bali, Indonesia

Sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources based on "element coupling-function synergy" analytical framework: A case study of Guangdong, China

Solely focusing on the agricultural production function of cultivated land resources is not conducive to the various demands for meeting the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Recognizing the multifunctionality of cultivated land and understanding the interrelationships between individual functions are crucial for the rational planning and utilization of resources. This paper introduces an "element coupling-function synergy" analytical framework for the sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources. The proposed framework is based on the causal relationships between elements and functions within the cultivated land system. Subsequently, a causal Bayesian belief network was constructed to identify trade-offs and synergies among multiple functions of cultivated land resources in Guangdong, China. The findings reveal trade-offs between food cleanliness and food production/social security, and synergistic relationships among food production, social security, and ecological regulation, as well as among ecological regulation, habitat maintenance and landscape culture. The study area was divided into eight functional zones: Green Agricultural Zone, Agro-inputs Control Zone, Urban Agricultural Zone, Major Grain-producing Zone, Modern Agricultural Zone, Agro-ecological Preservation Zone, Agro-ecological Tourism Zone, Quality Improvement Zone. Multi-objective management plans were formulated for optimizing multifunctional relationships within each zone. The analysis result reveals the importance of nutrient conditions and ecological environments for the sustainable management of cultivated land. Consequently, specific policy recommendations are proposed accordingly. This paper may not only advance understanding of the multifunctionality of cultivated land but can also provide valuable insights for land-use planning to ensure the judicious and sustainable management of cultivated land resources.

Penyusunan zonasi sederhana sebagai dasar pengembangan kawasan wisata di Padukuhan Jolosutro, Kalurahan Srimulyo, Kapanewon Piyungan, Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta

Padukuhan Jolosutro has three tourism potentials with different characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the zoning as the basis for the development of tourist areas in Padukuhan Jolosutro so that tourism development in this area can be more focused. The program implementation method used is the triangulation method. The result of the activity is a simple infographic about the zoning of tourism development in Padukuhan Jolosutro, namely the Pilgrimage Tourism Zone at the Sunan Geseng Tomb Complex, the Recreational Tourism Zone at Bukit Tinatar, and the Agro-tourism Zone in the community's farmland area. These three zones are expected to be used as the basis for the development of tourist areas in Padukuhan Jolosutro to be more focused by the theme of tourism as well as useful in making tour packages based on market segmentation.

Enhancing sustainable waste management in Raja Ampat: Assessing the waste bank model's effectiveness in the face of socioeconomic challenges

Background: This study investigates the execution and obstacles of waste management in Raja Ampat Regency using the Bank Sampah mechanism, which has been in operation in Waisai City since 2013. The research findings indicate that the primary challenges in the administration of Bank Sampah in Raja Ampat are the recurring turnover of management, resulting in outstanding debts to customers and a significant reliance on support from the local government. Furthermore, the waste segregation method has not been well executed, and the primary incentive for community participation is of the financial kind. Methods: This study employed qualitative approaches to evaluate the efficacy of the Waste Bank model in Raja Ampat Regency. The study was carried out for a duration of six months, specifically from January to June, in Waisai City, which serves as the hub for waste management and tourism endeavors. Findings: Nevertheless, Bank Sampah continues to be the most efficient waste management approach in Raja Ampat Regency. This study suggests implementing enhanced management practices and providing ongoing coaching, along with fostering greater collaboration between the Environmental Agency and pertinent government departments, in order to enhance community engagement. Conclusion: It is suggested that educating people about the significance of waste segregation and engaging the Government Bank as a custodian of consumer funds are further steps to enhance efficiency. The objective of this research is to offer practical assistance to local governments and other stakeholders on how to adopt waste management strategies that are both more effective and sustainable in tourism zones. Novelty/Originality of this Study: The novelty of this study lies in its focus on the implementation and challenges of the Waste Bank model in Raja Ampat, a region heavily impacted by tourism and population growth. By highlighting the unique socio economic hurdles and the importance of community engagement, this research provides practical insights for enhancing sustainable waste management in similar tourism-dependent areas.

Compositional analysis of invertebrate communities in Raja Ampat conservation zones using environmental DNA (eDNA)

Raja Ampat conservation area is divided into three zones: the core zone, the tourism zone, and the open zone. This region is crucial for sustainable fisheries and environmental management, yet it is under significant anthropogenic pressure. Accurate species detection is essential for inventory and diversity surveys, and environmental DNA (eDNA) methods have been shown to be more effective than conventional techniques. This study aimed to evaluate whether V9 primers could detect multispecies invertebrate compositions, assess community structure and contributions within each zone, and identify significant differences in invertebrate diversity among the zones. A total of 66 eDNA samples were collected from water and sediment columns across the three zones. Samples were extracted using the NucleoSpin™ kit (Macherey-Nagel) protocol, amplified with universal eukaryote primers targeting the 18S gene, and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Taxonomic analysis was performed using QIIME2 software and the SILVA database. The study identified 19 invertebrate species. The Shannon-Wiener (H') and Simpson (D) indices revealed greater species diversity in the core zone compared to the tourism and open zones. However, the Kruskal-Wallis test indicated no significant differences in species diversity across the zones. SIMPER analysis demonstrated a high percent contribution of species in each zone. This study highlights the effectiveness of eDNA methods for biodiversity assessment and offers valuable insights into invertebrate community structures within the Raja Ampat conservation area.

Impact of Spatial Characteristics on Gendered Retail Consumption in Seoul: A Gender-Sensitive Urban Planning Perspective

This study examines the impact of spatial characteristics on gendered retail consumption in Seoul, South Korea, providing empirical evidence for gender-sensitive urban planning. Gender-sensitive urban planning integrates gender perspectives into all stages of urban development, aiming to address the diverse needs and experiences of all genders spatially. While existing research has predominantly focused on gender differences in labor participation, this study shifts the focus to retail consumption, which is a critical aspect of daily life. Our research analyzes the spatial attributes of urban spaces at the neighborhood scale and their influence on aggregated retail consumption by gender. The aggregated retail sales by census output area (jipgyegu) represent the aggregated retail consumption. Utilizing spatial regression methods, this study identifies significant spatial autocorrelations and clustering patterns in retail sales data. The findings reveal that traditional markets, less-developed commercial areas, and specific retail sector (retailing, medical, and educational services) densities positively impact SMW (subtraction of men’s retail sales from women’s retail sales), while city center areas, developed commercial districts, special tourism zones, and specific retail sector (restaurants and entertainment) densities have negative impacts.

Horizontal-flow constructed wetlands by phytoremediation using vetiver grass, common reed, and canna lily as tertiary wastewater treatment for the reduction of pollutant concentrations of ammonia, phosphates, and nitrates

Abstract The discharge of untreated wastewater into rivers and water bodies poses significant environmental and public health risks. High concentrations of contaminants like heavy metals and pharmaceuticals disrupt rivers, exacerbating waterborne diseases, and leading to unsafe water in the Philippines. This study proposed the use of horizontal-flow constructed wetlands as a tertiary treatment method utilizing the plants: vetiver grass, common reed, and canna lily, to reduce pollutant concentrations in wastewater. This is to ensure compliance with water quality guidelines and general effluent standards under the Class SB Category, water suitable for fishery, tourist zones, and recreational activities. The research investigated the efficiency of phytoremediation beds in removing pollutants from wastewater under fixed hydraulic retention times. The efficiency of reducing pollutants and adsorption isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir) were calculated to analyze the results of the sampling. Phytoremediation bed 1 demonstra ted efficient ammonia removal by 64.64%. Phytoremediation bed 2 was proficient in reducing nitrates at 83.85%, while phytoremediation bed 3 effectively reduced phosphate to an average of 26.26%, achieved after a 6-hour retention time. In addition, Freundlich adsorption isotherm was observable in most parameters in phytoremediation bed 1 such as ammonia as nitrogen, TDS, COD, and DO. Phytoremediation bed 3 exhibited the same adsorption isotherm on ammonia as nitrogen. Conclusively, the phytoremediation system met the Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Updated Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standard (GES) for all parameters tested.

Assessing the Impacts of Sanctions on Iran's Tourism Zones Using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods

This article examines the impact of Iran's tourism zones on sanctions and evaluates the role of each criterion in theintensity and severity of the impact. The research method was descriptive-comparative whose type was applied. Rankingwas done using the VIKOR technique and Expert Choice software by the four main criteria (attraction, advertising andmarketing, tourism and investment, and infrastructure) and ten sub-criteria. The results show that the northern zonewith a value of 0.00 has received the least effect from the international sanctions. The northwestern zone ranked thenext with a value of 0.224. Based on the Expert Choice output, the central zone with a value of 0.248 was in the first rankdue to the decrease in the number of foreign tourists and investments, which has suffered the most from the sanctions.The northern zone with a value of 0.236 has been less affected by the sanctions.

Инновационный потенциал регионов арктической зоны Российской Федерации: состояние и пространственная дифференциация

The article considers the components of the innovation potential of Russian regions that are fully or partially included in the Arctic zone. The purpose of the article is to analyze and evaluate the state and dynamics of innovative development of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The methodology for calculating the composite index of innovative development is proposed. The calculations are made on the basis of the database formed by the authors, which consists of four blocks; the main conclusions on the blocks are formed. According to the composite index for the period 20152021, the leading positions are occupied by the Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Komi Republic, and the Republics of Karelia, Sakha (Yakutia) and Komi in terms of the index growth rate. The study of the state, dynamics and level of innovation development in the regions of the AZRF shows that some components of innovation potential are unevenly developed in the regions that are fully or partially included in the AZRF. At the same time, the regions differ in the dynamics of innovative development. Thus, the worst indicators of innovative development in accordance with the proposed methodology are observed in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Chukotka and Nenets Autonomous okrugs. The high correlation between the composite index of innovative development and indicators of socio-economic development of the regions revealed by the authors characterizes the positive impact of innovation activity on the socio-economic development of the AZRF subjects. In this regard, the key recommendations are the following: improvement of legislative support for the formation of eco-industrial, tourist zones, innovation sites and cluster formations in the Arctic territory within the framework of testing new formats of economic intensification of the Russian Arctic regions; formation of a macro-regional register of suppliers of innovative products for the projects of residents of the AZRF with the distribution of preferential measures of a special economic and administrative regime. The prospects of the research are related to the study of critical vulnerabilities in the production and technological processes of the sectors of specialization of the Arctic regions in import substitution.

이중차분법을 적용한 사회 재난 이후 관광지 이미지 변화에 대한 연구

On October 29, 2022, the 10·29 Itaewon Tragedy in South Korea claimed 159 lives and left 196 injured, who were predominantly young adults celebrating Halloween and post-social distancing. Global leaders extended deep condolences, recognizing the profound effect of this devastating incident had on the nation. Past research reveals that disasters have detrimental effects on tourist destination images and visitation intentions. Emotional and cognitive reactions to disasters follow an intricate mechanism. According to the cognitive appraisal theory of emotions, emotions originate from two-stage cognitive appraisals of certain environments. In tourism contexts, tourists' emotions may also influence how disasters and other negative incidents are perceived and interpreted. This study employs the difference-in-differences method to investigate how tourists' emotions contribute to post-disaster changes in destination images. The tourism industry is highly sensitive to crises, and social disasters related to safety can have huge impacts on destination images. Safety perceptions of tourists can be crucial to their destination selection, and therefore the Itaewon area, Korea's first special tourist zone, demands a more comprehensive analysis. As such, this study seeks to understand the destination image changes caused by the 10·29 Itaewon Tragedy and suggest ways to alleviate the negative ripple effects that its residents and tourism businesses may face.

Sustainable hydrogen supply chain development for low-carbon transportation in a fossil-based port region: A case study in a tourism hub

This study combines an investigation of Kish Island's transition to sustainable energy and transportation with a focus on the integration of hydrogen port infrastructure, employing nonlinear optimization to chart the path forward. It emphasizes the pivotal role of such infrastructure in transitioning from traditional vehicles and gas-fired power, evaluating scenarios like a 30% reduction in fossil fuels and the implementation of carbon taxes to encourage a shift to electric and hydrogen-powered vehicles. Forecasts suggest an increase in electric vehicle adoption to 46% by 2023, with a goal of complete electrification by 2042, thereby transforming the energy landscape and reducing emissions. Key to this transition is a 25% government subsidy on hydrogen vehicles to enhance market competitiveness, alongside the strategic embedding of hydrogen infrastructure within sustainable tourism zones. This approach creates a synergistic model of energy, transport, and environmental stewardship, aiming to elevate regional prosperity and sustainability. The study extends its innovative perspective to include the exploration of methanol production, the development of carbon markets, and the advancement of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology, positioning the hydrogen port as a crucial element in Kish Island's sustainable development strategy.

Dynamic of coral recruits in the Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Tarigan SAR, Munasik, Wijayanti DP, Muhidin, Rohman EA, Pardede S. 2024. Dynamic of coral recruits in the Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 869-880. After a disturbance event, coral reefs can recover naturally by recruiting new corals. These can be affected by environmental factors like the substrate's physical and biological structure, predation, and accidental mortality of recruits by grazers, as well as the number and size of parent corals supplying larvae. This study examined the connection between newly recruited corals and biological factors such as sea urchin density, herbivorous fish abundance, and hard coral coverage. The study was monitored changes in coral cover, juvenile coral density, herbivore abundance, and hard coral coverage at 43 locations and two depths (shallow; 2-3 m) and deep (8-10 m) from 2013 to 2022. The locations were distributed across six different zone systems: the core zone, protection zone, tourism zone, traditional fisheries zone, aquaculture zone, and rehabilitation zone. Multiple Linae Regression, ANOVA test, and Principal Component Analysis were employed to assess the relationship between coral recruitment and other variables. Results indicated that the coral recruitment density was not significantly different when comparing different zoning systems (two-way ANOVA test, P-value>0.05). Based on the PCA analysis, we found that in 2013 and 2019, excavator, sea urchin, browser, and hard coral have a positive relationship with coral recruitment, which implies that coral recruitment would increase as sea urchin, browser, and hard coral increase. Meanwhile, in 2019 and 2022, coral recruitment has a negative relationship with scraper, and also with hard coral growth (although only in 2022), implying that coral recruitment would decrease if scraper and hard coral increase. The study recommends restoring the role of herbivorous species in Karimunjawa National Park (KNP) by prioritizing them in conservation efforts and managing their populations.

An analysis of The Halal Certification Movement for MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) Actors: A Case Study on Halal Tourism in Kudus Regency

Kudus Regency is one of the districts that has tourism potential in the field of halal tourism, where elements that support halal tourism include MSMEs, even though halal certification on MSME products is still minimally applied by MSME actors, especially those in halal tourism in Kudus Regency. The lack of knowledge is also one of the reasons why MSME actors and administrative procedures need to be better understood by MSME actors. This study aims to provide an understanding of the urgency of the halal certification movement for MSME actors in the halal tourism sector so that it is expected to create new jobs. This research uses a qualitative approach by interviewing ten people consisting of MSME actors, where the interview emphasizes the importance and understanding of Halal certification in MSMEs. The results of this study show that with Halal certification on MSME products, consumers increasingly trust and get guarantees from these products, so products that have Halal certification increasingly show that they are worthy of a massive market. The government, Halal Certification Companions, and stakeholders are advised to play a vital role in enhancing MSME participants' understanding of halal certificates for MSME products in halal tourism zones, according to this study.

Two new species and a new record of stygobitic freshwater snails (Gastropoda, Cochliopidae) from Candela, Coahuila, northern Mexico.

We describe two new species and a new record of stygobitic gastropods from small groundwater-fed springs in Candela, Coahuila, northern Mexico. Phreatomascogos garciasaucedoi n. sp. is described based on shell morphology and is the second species of this formerly monotypic genus. According to the current classification, we have transferred this genus to Cochliopidea. Phreatodrobia candelensis n. sp. is described, and represents the first record of the genus in Mexico extending its known range more than one hundred kilometers to the south. Also found with the new stygosnails was Coahuilix hubbsi Taylor, 1966, which was previously known only as an endemic species from the neighboring Cuatro Cinegas valley. The reported new subterranean snails are restricted in their distributions to two small water sources only a few meters long which flow directly into a touristic zone with swimming pools and other recreation areas. Using NatureServe Ranking, both new species were assigned as critically imperiled. The very limited distribution and negative anthropogenic impacts within the sites should draw special conservation attention for the reported stygobionts.

Study of Coral Reefs in the Tourism Zone of Hoga Island, Wakatobi National Park, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

One of the ecosystems in tropical waters is the coral reef. Coral reefs serve multiple functions, both ecologically and economically. The marine waters in Wakatobi Regency boast diverse coral reefs, and this study aims to assess the coral reefs in one of its regions, specifically in the waters around Hoga Island, part of Wakatobi National Park. The research was conducted from March to May 2023, involving direct observations at the research site. The collected data were then analyzed and presented descriptively concerning the percentage of coral reefs in the study area. The percentage of coral cover in the growth forms (lifeform) of the Wakatobi National Park tourism zone, region II, revealed that, at the first station, coral cover was 46.33%, dominated by Coral Branching (CB) at 22.36%, and Biotic, primarily Soft Coral (SC), at 14.95%. At the second station, coral cover was 36.13%, with Coral Branching (CB) accounting for 11.53%, and Soft Coral (SC) at 25.33%. The third station exhibited a coral cover percentage of 60.37%.

Evaluation of Changes in the Function of Green Open Spaces in Public Facilities in the City of Banda Aceh (Case Study: Blang Padang Field Area)

The existence of the Blang Padang Field as a green open space (RTH) in Banda Aceh City based on its natural weight, is included in the category of non-natural areas or built areas. This built area has ecological, social and recreational functions for the surrounding community in Banda Aceh City. This area is used as a tourism zone and public open space, where this area is often used as a gathering location or meeting friends for people who live and visit the city of Banda Aceh. People usually enjoy the atmosphere of the Blang Padang field by spreading mats or sitting directly on the green grass. Based on the type of open space, the Blang Padang field is included in the public open space category. According to the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 of 2022, the proportion of green public open space in the city park consisting of at least 85% green cover and the rest being environmentally friendly non-green cover. This proportion can provide a balanced urban ecosystem which can increase the availability of clean air needed by people in urban areas. In addition, clean air can also increase the value of the beauty and comfort of a city. The condition of the Blang Padang Field area is currently starting to be used as an area of economic activity, causing a decrease in ecological quality, such as increasing air temperature and urban environmental pollution. The focus of this research is to evaluate the percentage of pavement area and green area in the Blang Padang Field area. The results can determine changes in function that occur in green open space in the area. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, literature studies and documentation studies. The results showed that the area of Blang Padang is 95,521m2 (9.5 Ha). The pavement area is 28,442m2 (2.8 Ha) with a percentage of 29.77% of the total area. Based on the results obtained, the most concerning factor is the increase in the permanent pavement area. The use of pavement on the Blang Padang field has exceeded the minimum required limit. The pavement area is used as parking facilities for both two- and four-wheeled wheels, culinary facilities and sports facilities.