Tourism Sector In Bangladesh Research Articles

Evolution of Tourism through Travel Agencies: A Case Study on Bangladesh

The aim of this research paper is to examine the role of travel agencies in the advancement of tourism in Bangladesh. Travel agents are currently assuming a significant role in facilitating this relationship. The aforementioned entities engage in the production of various package tours, distribution of these packaged products, and promotion of tourism in Bangladesh to potential tourist clientele. However, the travel agents in Bangladesh are limited in their ability to fulfil their job to its fullest degree. This is mostly due to the small size of their organizations, insufficient money, a shortage of skilled professionals, a lack of government policy support, and several other restraints that they encounter. It is imperative to address these issues and promptly implement appropriate measures to enhance the performance of travel agencies and facilitate the desired growth of the tourism sector in Bangladesh.

Identifying Critical Factors for Sustainable Tourism and Local Community Development: Evidence from Select Destinations in Bangladesh

Tourism has always acts as a catalyst to develop local economy, improve socio-cultural changes and life style of the people residing tourist destinations. To conduct this study 616 respondents were selected from Khulna, Jessore, Bagerhat, and Kushita. On the other hand, Socio-cultural condition are influencing for development of local destinations. This paper argues and figures out influential factors of Socio-cultural condition by its broader societal context for more effective policy making. The purpose of this study is to assess the critical factors for sustainable tourism and community development of the local tourism industry in Bangladesh, to identify the major challenges in the local tourism sector in Bangladesh , to provide necessary suggestions for ensuring the sustainable development of the local tourism sector in Bangladesh. For fulfillment of above stated objectives data has been collected from various stakeholders and selected statistical techniques, such as measurement models, discriminant validity, and hypothesis testing were employed to examine the data in the study to confirm the study's assumption through SPSS and AMOS. The study is particularly important from a practical standpoint since it outlines difficulties and methods for the development of Bangladesh's tourist industry, which should be a priority in the development process. These characteristics can be applied to the local and worldwide development of a tourist location.

The Effect of Green Management Activities on Organizational Sustainability: Evidence from the Tourism Sector in Bangladesh.

This study is an attempt to investigate the impact of green management activities on organizational sustainability, which is very critical for achieving competitive advantage. Five components of green management activities, i.e., green production, green trading, green logistics, green environmental activities, and green regulation management, have been identified in this study from the literature. A total of 500 respondents were selected, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire from the samples who are permanent employees of the tourism organizations in Bangladesh. Results show that all five selected components of green management activities have a significant positive impact on organizational sustainability. Thus, this research is expected to contribute to broadening the profound insights of green management activities to explore the ecological execution of companies.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Tourism Enterprises: A Study on Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh

The massive outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic hit the world hard and Bangladesh is one the most affected countries by this pandemic. The condition of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the tourism sector in Bangladesh was worse during the outbreak. This project aims to examine the possible impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on micro, small, and medium-sized tourism enterprises (MSMTEs) in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh. This research is exploratory and descriptive in nature. Both primary and secondary data have been collected and analyzed to prepare this paper. Data were collected from 150 respondents and the collected data was analyzed by using SPSS (20) and MS Excel software. The outcome of the regression analysis shows that out of eleven independent variables seven of them have a significant influence on the dependent variable (overall impact of Covid-19 on small, medium, and micro-enterprises). These seven variables are employee turnover, challenges to new recruitment, decrease in income, business growth, a decrease in customers, business relationship hamper, and social stress on the entrepreneur. On the basis of the research findings, some of the strategies for the MSMTEs have been recommended at the end of this paper.

Policy Recommendations and Guidelines on Sustainable Tourism Development in Bangladesh – A Systematic Review

Tourism centered on natural and cultural heritage, while also addressing local community income, proves pivotal in achieving sustainable development globally. Despite Bangladesh's abundant natural beauty and historical sites, its tourism sector lags behind neighboring countries. Unplanned tourism growth risks unsustainability, exacerbating existing challenges. Therefore, sustainable principles are vital for any tourism initiative. This paper examines Bangladesh's tourism landscape and proposes sustainable development policies and guidelines. It synthesizes publicly available documents on tourism laws, policies, and strategic papers to identify key sustainability issues across four dimensions. Additionally, it delineates roles and responsibilities for stakeholders to foster sustainable tourism. The policy recommendations and guidelines presented aim to enrich the discourse on sustainable tourism in Bangladesh. They are intended for academic use and can augment existing literature on the subject. The insights provided are valuable for governmental bodies, private sectors, development agencies, and NGOs involved in the tourism sector. By adhering to sustainable practices, Bangladesh can harness its tourism potential while preserving its natural and cultural heritage. This approach not only supports economic growth but also safeguards environmental and community well-being. Implementing these recommendations can pave the way for a resilient and thriving tourism sector in Bangladesh, capable of balancing economic progress with environmental stewardship and social inclusivity.

The Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic and Recovery Strategies for the Travel and Tourism Sector in Bangladesh

Purpose: This study's purpose is twofold: first, to examine the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on Bangladesh's travel and tourism sector and second, to suggest some recovery strategies to reduce the negative effects of this pandemic so that the travel and tourism sector of Bangladesh can bounce back.
 Methods: This study is qualitative in nature, applying secondary data analysis technique to collect data from various sources, which includes academic journals, news articles, and websites of different professional bodies like the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), Travel Owners Association of Bangladesh (TOAB), etc.
 Results: The findings indicate that Bangladesh's travel and tourism sector has been impacted considerably by the pandemic due to travel restrictions, movement control order, apprehension of Covid-19 contamination, etc. Some recovery strategies are also suggested to minimize the pandemic's detrimental consequences.
 Implications: This research provides guidelines for tourism marketers, which will help them to revise their strategies so that they will be able to remove anxiety from travelers’ minds and influence their visit intention.
 Originality: Covid-19 pandemic and its effects on the travel and tourism sector have been an emergent research area since travel and tourism is one of the severely affected sectors during the pandemic. However, so far insufficient studies related to this area in the context of Bangladesh are available. Hence, this research is an attempt to bridge this gap in the literature.

Tourists’ Attitude Toward Beach Management Systems in Bangladesh and Reorienting the Strategies for Sustainable Development

The tourism sector in Bangladesh is one of the key potential sectors which can be a key contributing sector of the economy of Bangladesh. But, flourishment of this sector mainly depends on the tourist revisit intention. The revisit intension is determined by the tourists’ psychology and prevailing experience of the tourist. The main purpose of this study is to determine the tourist psychology on the beach management systems and develop some strategies to increase tourist satisfaction and ensure sustainable development of this sector. This study mainly applied mixed-method (quantitative as well as qualitative) in particular, survey study method as a quantitative technique and FGD as a qualitative method have been used in collecting necessary data. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS and qualitative data analysis techniques to measure the research objectives. The study found the beach management systems in Bangladesh is at a reasonable level by considering different variables. The study concludes that tourist’s attitude on food and accommodation facilities, security issues, hygiene and sanitation, emergency and health care services, tourist guide and information, transport facilities, and shopping facilities are not at a satisfactory level while all these factors other than shopping facilities significantly affect the satisfaction level of the domestic and international tourist. Keywords: Tourist Psychology, Beach Management Systems, Tourist Satisfaction DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-36-05 Publication date: December 31 st 2020

Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction in the Tourism Sector of Bangladesh

Purpose: The tourism sector is a very potential sector for Bangladesh in terms of growth and employment. Analyzing the literature, it can be observed that most of the researchers studied the tourist market and the degree of satisfaction of tourists. But job satisfaction as a human resource management concept, in the tourism sector has not been sufficiently investigated. Job satisfaction is particularly important in tourism sector as it is service oriented and people intensive. This study identified the antecedents of job satisfaction in tourism sector and their relative importance to the employees. 
 Methods: The study is quantitative in nature. A number of hypotheses were tested for relationships between job satisfaction and related facets like payment and benefits, advancement and growth, the work itself, leadership, communication, performance feedback and recognition, rewards, colleagues, and employee stress. Data were collected through a survey method and structured questionnaire from employees of different tourism-related businesses. With 81.8% response rate, a total of 409 error-free response sheets containing a total of 38 independent variables were considered for the analysis through Smart PLS 3.01 software. The hypotheses were tested by following the path coefficients of the factors where job satisfaction was the dependent variable. The model of the satisfaction of employees for Bangladesh was established by using the coefficients of relationship with all nine facets and job satisfaction.
 Results: The standardized regression weights are shown with the nine factors Payment and Benefit (PB), Advancement and Growth (AG), Work Itself (WI), Work Itself (WI), Leadership (LE), Communication (COM), Performance feedback and Recognition (PFR), Rewards (RE), Colleague (COL) and Stress (STR). It was found that five factors (PB, AG, WI, LE, COM) are relatively more significantly responsible for job satisfaction or dissatisfaction, than other four factors (PFR, RE, COL, STR). It also found that the managerial and non-managerial employees show considerable differences in their job satisfaction across the organizations. 
 Implications: The results found in the study may act as a basis for future research in the HR issues of the tourism sector. The owners and managers of tourism companies should appreciate the necessity of employees being satisfied, because this will lead to greater commitment, loyalty, and quality service to the customers. 
 Originality: Due to the dominance of other factors like machines, materials, and other technologies, there is weak evidence in some cases whether there is always a positive and strong relationship between job satisfaction and firm performance. But in a human intensive service industry like tourism, job satisfaction of employees who are directly responsible for consumer experience, is bound to be a dominant factor. This paper is expected to be cited in that particular idea or context.

Ways to Uplift the Image of Tourism Sector of Bangladesh: Some Strategic Guidelines

This study aims to inject some strategic guidelines to build a better image of Bangladesh as a tourist destination. I have conducted the investigation from both a theoretical and an empirical viewpoint. A two-stage systematic random sampling design is used to select about 100 respondents from foreign and local tourist. I have analyzed data by using the qualitative method. The tourism sector in Bangladesh is far behind from reaching its goal due to the inability to draw the attention of a good number of local and foreign tourists. This low rate of tourist attraction towards Bangladesh is mainly for image crisis and inadequate promotional measures of the tourism sector. In addition to that the security concern, the recent recurrent attack of the Islamic militant, infrastructure problem, wrongful reporting by international media and the perceived negative image by the potential tourists adversely affect the development of tourism in Bangladesh.

Sustainable Tourism Development in the South-West Region of Bangladesh

Tourism can play an important role in accelerating the economic growth of Bangladesh. This study tries to address the tourism sector of Bangladesh from sustainability viewpoint. The study selects four tourist spots in the south-west region of Bangladesh to address the study objective and collects primary data from the tourists of the selected spots through using interview schedule. Accordingly, it tries to trace out the prevailing situation of the tourist spots. It also attempts to trace out the factors determining the probability of future trip generation towards the spots. The study findings indicate that travel time, travel cost and travel distance negatively influence the probability of future trip generation. Similarly, married people are less interested to revisit the tourist spots. However, environmental consciousness campaign and existing resource caring initiatives of the spot authority have a positive impact on trip generation possibility. An opinion survey reveals that the tourists value the prevailing resource caring activities and environmental consciousness campaign which attracts them to revisit the spots. However, the tourists poorly rank the ecotourism maintaining effort and pollution protective mechanism in the spots. Therefore, an integrated approach towards maintaining and uplifting the efforts towards sustainable tourism management might contribute towards long run stability of the tourism sector.

Policies Required to Develop Tourism Sector of Bangladesh

Bangladesh has great tourism potential. It is potential in terms of continuous economic growth, strategic location for regional connectivity, enriched natural and historical beauty, diversified landscape including plain lands, hills, rivers and sea sights etc. It has green plain land, medium-height hilly range with evergreen trees, sandy sea beaches and the largest mangrove forest in its beauty basket. With such land diversity it has ethnic diversity of people, religious varieties, cultural differences and different life styles of the people. Bangladeshi tourists are contributing significant earnings of Indian tourism sector. Why they do not feel comfort to stay at home in this regard? This is because of the shortage of tourist infrastructure’s availability in Bangladesh. Private Sector could play a vital role in developing tourist spots throughout the coastal belt of Bangladesh.

Prospect of Private-Public Partnership in Tourism of Bangladesh

Tourism sector is a potential sector for the economic growth of Bangladesh. This paper is prepared to find out the prospect of Private-public-partnership (PPP) for economic growth in tourism sector in Bangladesh. The relationship between tourism industry of Bangladesh and its contribution to economic growth are analyzed to strengthen the probability of this private-public partnership. The market for tourism industry is identified through SCP (Structure, conduct, performance) framework and prospect of creating such market though PPP for greater revenue of the private sector which are showed in this article. Tourism is playing very diverse role in many developing countries and prospect of this industry in Bangladesh is very high. The objective of the paper is to present the recent trends of earning from tourism, tourist arrivals and identifications of barriers of tourism industry in Bangladesh. Further, government’s different projects regarding tourism sector development are considered to see the greater prospect of profit from private sector which will contribute to economic growth of Bangladesh

Tourism in Bangladesh: Present Status and Future Prospects

Bangladesh is full of natural beauty. Rivers, coasts and beaches, archaeological sites, religious places, hills, forests, waterfalls, tea gardens surround it. The Sundarban, Historic Mosque in city of Bagerhat, Ruins of the Buddihist Vihara at Paharpur are the three world heritage sites in Bangladesh among 1007. To observe the beauty of nature, huge amount of domestic and foreign tourists visit the country and its tourist attraction sites. In 2012, around six-lakh (6 hundred thousand) tourists came Bangladesh to visit and enjoy its beauty. The total contribution of tourism to GDP was 4.4%, 3.8% to employment and 1.5% to investment in 2013. Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation (BPC) looks after the tourism sector in Bangladesh under the ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism. Due to some limitations, Bangladesh has failed to introduce itself as a tourist destination country. The paper tries to focus on the attractive tourist spots of Bangladesh and the contribution of tourism in the Bangladesh economy. The major concern of the writer is to highlight the factors by which Bangladesh can be one of the major tourist attractive country in the world in near future.

Expansion of Tourism Sector in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a vacationland and it has many facets for local and foreign tourist. Her tourist attractions include archeological sites, historic mosques and monuments, resorts, beaches, picnic spots, forest and wildlife. Bangladesh is a riverine country having attractive panoramic beauty. There are hills, vales, deep and mangrove forests, rivers and the longest beach in the world. In this country, the scope of nature based tourism, research based tourism, culture based tourism and eco-tourism is quite evident. In Bangladesh, prospective areas are present, minimum infra-structural arrangement is developing, role of government is now positive, private and public organizations have come forward side by side to attract the local and foreign tourists, researchers, dignitaries and foreign delegates. Having all the minimum requirements, the tourism industry could not develop adequately. The cracks of problem could not identify accurately because of paucity of sufficient number of research and investigations in our country. Out of different problems, the researchers have concentrated their focus to human resource development aspect for tourism sector in Bangladesh. It is due to low literacy rate of general people, they cannot communicate with the domestic and foreign tourists significantly. So, the tourists felt discourage to visit repeatedly to the tourist spots. It is not possible to increase literacy rate dramatically to develop communicative skill of mass people. The researchers feel that a group of personnel could be developed on an emergency basis to face the immense need of the tourism industry in Bangladesh. Presently, specialized formal education like bachelor’s degree, under graduate degree or postgraduate degrees are not available in universities of Bangladesh on tourism. No specialized training program is being found to develop skilled personnel in this regard. In some International Hotels, Parjatan Corporation and at private level tourist agencies very limited scope of on the job training has been developed. This study will facilitate the decision makers to assess the intensity of the problem and to plan accurate measures to train and develop a good number of manpower for facing the current need readily. This could benefit the tourism industry in multiple ways. This could change the economic picture of tourism sector and contribute a big share in the GDP of Bangladesh.

Sustainability of Tourism Industry: Bangladesh Perspective

Bangladesh as a vacationland has many facets. Her tourist attractions include archeological sites, historic mosques and monuments, resorts, beaches, picnic spots, forest and wildlife. Bangladesh is a riverine country having attractive panoramic beauty. There are hills, vales, deep and mangrove forests, rivers and the longest beach in the world. In this country, the scope of nature based tourism, research based tourism, culture based tourism and eco-tourism is quite evident. In Bangladesh, prospective areas are present, minimum infra-structural arrangement is developing, role of government is now positive, private and public organizations have come forward side by side to attract the local and foreign tourists, researchers, dignitaries and foreign delegates. Having all the minimum requirements, the tourism industry could not develop adequately. The cracks of problem could not identify accurately because of paucity of sufficient number of research and investigations in our country. Out of different problems, the researchers have concentrated their focus to human resource development aspect for tourism sector in Bangladesh. It is due to low literacy rate of general people, they cannot communicate with the domestic and foreign tourists significantly. So, the tourists felt discourage to visit repeatedly to the tourist spots. It is not possible to increase literacy rate dramatically to develop communicative skill of mass people. The researchers feel that a group of personnel could be developed on an emergency basis to face the immense need of the tourism industry in Bangladesh. Presently, specialized formal education like bachelor's degree, under graduate degree or postgraduate degrees are not available in universities of Bangladesh on tourism. No specialized training program is being found to develop skilled personnel in this regard. In some International Hotels, Parjatan Corporation and at private level tourist agencies very limited scope of on the job training has been developed. This study will facilitate the decision makers to assess the intensity of the problem and to plan accurate measures to train and develop a good number of manpower for facing the current need readily. This could benefit the tourism industry in multiple ways. This could change the economic picture of tourism sector and contribute a big share in the GDP of Bangladesh.

Different Aspects of Tourism Marketing Strategies With Special Reference to Bangladesh: An Analysis

Tourism marketing depends on successful formulation of strategic planning and its implementation. Tourism can add value in the economy if proper marketing plan and strategy can be built and implemented. Tourism market may be segmented on the basis of local and foreign tourists as well as income level of the tourists. Tourism sector should be properly explored, so that it will have positive contribution towards increase of Gross domestic product. Entrepreneurship development is required in the tourism sector and regional cooperation can bring benefits for Bangladesh. The article tried to analyze various aspects of tourism marketing strategies. Growth of the tourism industry of a country largely depends on domestic and global environment. The situation of the globe as well as current situation of the tourism sector in Bangladesh was also discussed. The study is based on both primary data and secondary data. Time period of the study is in between 1st November 2005 and 31st January 2006. Through estimating a regression equation, authors observe that for Bangladesh- spots and cost of services have positive impact on the tourism sector. Authors suggested that tourism should be acted as an important ingredient of economic development of the country for which synergy may be applied between tourism marketing plan and its implementation process. Integrated marketing communications channel should be used to develop tourism sector of the country.