Touch Phone Research Articles

READINESS OF RURAL INDIA FOR ONLINE EDUCATION

India is a developing country with a large population living below the poverty line in villages. Rural India still lags behind in important modern facilities like high speed internet connectivity, 24 hours power supply and devices necessary for digital transactions. This study was undertaken to explore the availability of services and devices needed for online education. A self made questionnaire was used to collect data.100 families from two villages, near Manauri, located at 20 km away from headquarter of Prayagraj district were the participants. The questionnaire collected information regarding types of houses, source of income, family size, no. of working member, availability of devices needed for online education and its awareness etc. Percentage analysis was done. It was found that socio- economic condition of the families was very poor as 38 % families were living in kaccha houses. Majority (80%) having only one earning member with average income varied from 5000 to 8000 rupees per month. Most (70 %) of them were labourer working on daily wages. Only 35 % children have access to touch phones for academic use.

Comportamento supersticioso em estudantes universitários

O experimento foi realizado em um dos cubículos do LAEC da PUC de Goiás equipado com um microcomputador, mouse e uma filmadora. Os participantes foram instruídos que no decorrer do experimento a palavra “parabéns” apareceria na tela do microcomputador. O local foi equipado com uma folha de papel com uma pergunta. A sessão teve a duração de sete minutos, cinco primeiros ocorriam no esquema de tempo fixo de 20 segundos e os dois últimos minutos eram referentes à extinção (TF 20s + Extinção). Dos registros em vídeo foram retiradas oito categorias dos principais fenômenos comportamentais como “manipulação de objetos”, por exemplo, e 47 subcategorias como “manipular o teclado”, “tocar a folha” e “tocar no celular”. O estudo demonstrou que os participantes tiveram um aumento considerável da frequência das respostas de manipular o computador durante as duas fases do experimento; grande parte dos estudantes não descreveu a contingência a qual foram expostos, em seguida ao experimento. Nove participantes comportaram-se como se existisse uma relação causal entre suas respostas e a apresentação do estímulo reforçador. Desse modo, as relações programadas foram de contiguidade e não de contingência e os efeitos observados podem ser explicados com base nas respostas que executaram no momento em que o reforçador era fornecido.

The effects of operating a touch screen smartphone and other common activities performed while bicycling on cycling behaviour

Although it has been shown that making phone calls or sending text messages while riding a bicycle can have a negative impact on bicyclist’s behaviour, in countries such as the Netherlands the operation of a mobile phone while cycling on a bicycle is not illegal and is actually quite common. In recent years conventional mobile phones with a physical keypad are increasingly being replaced by smartphones with a touch screen. The operation of a touch screen phone ironically cannot be done purely ‘by touch’ due to the lack of tactile feedback, and instead requires fixations on a relatively small screen. The question therefore can be asked whether the operation of touch screen telephones deteriorates cycling behaviour more than operation of a conventional mobile phone.Twenty-four participants completed a track on their own bicycle while sending a text message from a conventional and a touch screen mobile phone. In addition the effects of other common activities that can accompany bicycling were studied, including texting at the same time as listening to music, talking on a mobile phone or cycling next to someone and speaking with this companion, and playing a game on a touch screen phone while bicycling. The impacts of all the above conditions on cycling performance and visual detection performance were compared with control conditions in which participants cycled with either one or two hands on the handlebars and were not required to perform any secondary tasks.Bicycle speed was reduced in all telephone conditions and in the condition when cycling next to someone. Lateral position variation increased in all telephone conditions. Use of the touch screen led to a more central position in the cycle lane and resulted in worse visual detection performance compared with the operation of a conventional mobile phone. The main effect of listening to music was that an auditory signal to stop cycling was missed by 83% of the participants. In conclusion, while all investigated types of phone deteriorated cycling performance, the use of a touch phone has a larger negative effect on cycling performance than a conventional mobile phone. With touch screen smartphones taking the place of conventional mobile phones and being used for other purposes than verbal communication, these effects on cycling performance pose a threat to traffic safety.

Graphics, Audio-visuals and Interaction (GAI) based Handheld Augmented Reality System

Augmented Reality is considered as one of the highly sophisticated technologies in research field of virtual reality. It generates the virtual information to the real world to the user's perception and interaction to perform the tasks. Graphics, Audio-visual and Interaction (GAI) based mobile Augmented Reality is a Human Computer Interaction technology where user can view the multimedia content (like video, 2D, 3D, text, animation) with audio visuals in augmented environment. GAI based mobile AR system allows user to develop their own Augmented Reality applications and games. This system based on Symbian and Android Smartphone where the users can use their Smartphone's camera for real time video capturing and rendering virtual object augmented environments. Users can interact and control the virtual objects by touch in touch enable phone or by button in non touch phone. The general purpose of this technology is to introduce multimedia base Mobile Augmented Reality to user. This paper describes the potential of AR in mobiles and how the various useful features like 2D/3D object, audio, video can be implemented in Mobile AR.

A novel soft keyboard for touchscreen phones: QWERT

The popularity of touchscreen phones has been growing around the world since the iPhones and Android phones were released. More and more mobile phones with large touchscreen have been produced, however, the phones with small size displays are still in the majority of touch phones. The foremost interface on touch smartphones is the information input module using soft keyboards. Traditional input methods on touch phones have either too small key buttons (such as QWERTY) or too many functions (such as 3$\times$4 keyboard), which are inconvenient to use. Moreover, the conventional soft keyboards only use tapping to input texts while current touch smartphones allow various gestures on the touchscreen, such as sliding. In this paper, a novel soft keyboard called QWERT is proposed for touchscreen-based smartphones. The users can interact with phones via finger gestures of tapping or sliding when input text by using the QWERT. In doing so, the interactions between users and smartphones will be faster and easier. An experiment carried out on inexperienced human subjects shows that they can learn very fast due to their familiarities with QWERTY. A simulation experiment based on a cognitive architecture, ACT-R, was also conducted to predict the movement time (MT) of experienced human subjects. The simulation results show that the MT using QWERT outperforms other default keyboards. These outcomes imply that the novel QWERT is a viable option for touch smartphone users. Based on the novel design, an application is released on Android systems. This application is expected to give better user experience for customers who use touch smartphones.

Digital urban ambience: Mediating context on mobile devices in a city

We explore the term digital urban ambience to describe the user experience of mobile devices mediating context in metropolitan areas. Mediated context-awareness explores a constructivist approach to context and aims to provide resources for experiencing context rather than correctly recognizing and adapting to it. Exploring this approach we have built a prototype system, eSpective2, combining maps and augmented reality on a touch phone, and we have studied its use. We conducted a triangulated field study involving 58 participants and up to one month of use. Elaborating on the work of Thibaud (2002) [1], the main finding is that context resources provided through mobile devices digitally contribute to the experience or feeling of urban ambience (1) by adding to the quality of the situation as a whole, (2) as a catalyst for action, and (3) as a sensory background.

The Effect of Form Factors and Control Types on Unsorted List Search for Full Touch Phone

Objective: The aim of this paper is to inquire into the influences form factors and control types affect a search time and comfort at list menu of full touch phone. Background: Various studies have been proceeded that are related to the optimum touch area for enhancing usability of control and legibility in mobile touch device. In the environment of list menu which is widely used to provide various information effectively, however, not only comprehensive consideration for legibility and control is to be seek but also research for control type which is to scroll a list. Method: This study executed form factor experiment to inquire into the influence that font size, height of row and fixed area affect searching time and comfort in the while information processing even if the information on the list is unsorted in alphabetical order. Among the result of form factor experiment, control type experiment was executed by selecting shortest performance time, highest legibility comfort and control comfort. Control type experiment was implemented to figure out the influence which existing flicking type, scrolling bar type, newly established button page type and button raw types affect performance time and subjective comfort depending on location of the information. Results: Font size 12pt, height of row 7mm and fixed area 15mm was shortest performance time and got highest comfort and legibility score in form factor experiment. A Button page which was newly proposed type was shortest performance time and got highest comprehensive comfort in control type experiment. Conclusion: Form factor experiment showed similar results with the study through reading a long passage of character or controlling a grid icon type. However, height of row turned out to affect not only touch area for control but also legibility by ruling space between the lines. Button page type which was newly proposed showed shortest performance time and got highest comprehensive comfort. Because Button page type needs few finger movements than other control types and implements search in the fixed form, unlikely other type which list keeps moving. Application: This study should be applied in deciding form factors and control type for scroll when designing a list menu of full touch phone.

MD Consult (beta) and First Consult (version 1.0.1) [mobile access

MD Consult (beta) and First Consult (version 1.0.1) [mobile access

터치폰 인터랙션의 Flicking에 대한 감성 터치감에 대한 연구

This study was to suggest the proper level of touch sensibility for twenties while flicking touch phones. A rapid prototype of pixel size was developed for the experiment. Participants were 20 undergraduates, not visually and physically handicapped in using touch phones. 15 different modes, with each mode changing in velocity when flicking the prototype were randomly presented to each subject. The subjects were asked to score what they felt in each mode on a 1-to-6 Likert scale. The data was analyzed by the one-way ANOVA procedure. Each mode showed significant differences in 8 representative emotions except for exclusivity feeling and fresh feeling. Each velocity mode was scaled by the multidimensional scaling technique. Then, vector coordinates in each emotion were obtained by simple regression analysis. 15 velocity modes and each emotion were joint-plotted by the MDS, PROXSCAL. The findings in this study could be basic data for studying affective touch sensibilities in multiple ways.

풀터치 휴대폰의 플릭(Flick) 성능에 대한 평가 및 가이드라인

The gesture 'Flick' is the most fundamental and important part for efficient interactions in the touch screen that are being extensively applied to mobile phones. This study investigated users' satisfaction of the flick operation in representative touch phones, and measured their performances with established three measures: gap between finger and initial cursor, the number of moved lists per 0.2 seconds, and the number of moved lists after ten continuous flicks. The measurement was performed with high speed camera and motion analysis software. The flick movement in mobile phone with high users' satisfaction showed that the gap between finger and cursor positions was less and the speed reached high within 0.6 seconds quickly and then was drastically slow down. Especially, maximal and common time intervals between continuous flicks were measured with an experiment. Based on the evaluation and measurement, several design guidelines for efficient flick performances were suggested.

An interactive touch phone for office automation

THIS PAPER describes the exploratory development of a microprocessor-controlled PABX telephone called the Touch Phone. Advanced hardware and software techniques have been utilized in the system design to implement new interface concepts for a user-friendly PABX telephone set. With its interactive capability, the user can easily gain access to the many features of a modern PABX system with minimal memorization. The user enters commands by touching buttons on a touch-sensitive screen that are drawn by the self-contained microprocessor. With the guidance of tree-like structured menus presented on an electroluminescent (EL) display panel, the user can interactively select the various features and options provided by the PABX system. The goals of the Touch Phone are to make the man-machine interaction simple and precise.