Total Sitting Time Research Articles

Physical Activity And Obesity With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an emerging endocrine condition that affects women of reproductive age all over the world. Physical activity (PA) is an evidence-based approach in the management of PCOS patients. Methods: This hospital-based case-control study was conducted to find out the association between physical activity and obesity with PCOS among the conveniently selected 172 women. Results: The mean age of PCOS women was 25.0±5.8 years and non-PCOS women was 28.1±7.5 years. The majority of cases (84.9%) were in the 15-30 age groups, in comparison to controls (64.0%). There was a significant association between age and PCOS (p<0.05). The chance of developing of PCOS was 3.1 times higher in the younger age group. More than half of cases (65.5%) had no child, in comparison to controls (72.4%) had a child. There was a significant association between the number of children and PCOS (p<0.05). The chance of infertility among PCOS women was 2.01 times higher than among non-PCOS women. About one-third of the cases (39.5%) had a normal BMI and 37.2% were overweight. In contrary among controls, about half (59.3%) had a normal BMI, and one-fourth (25.6%) were overweight. The association between BMI and PCOS was statistically significant (p<0.05). The chance of developing of PCOS was 3.38 times higher in overweight women. The mean total sitting time/week in PCOS women (3179.76±1511.46) was higher than in non-PCOS women (2647.67±1687.74). There was a statistically significant association between total sitting time and PCOS in women (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant association between PCOS and BMI, indicating that overweight women are at greater risk to develop PCOS. However, no association was found between physical activity and PCOS, whereas PCOS patients sitting longer per week. J Dhaka Med Coll. 2023; 32(1) : 16-24

Isotemporal substitution analysis of time between sedentary behavior, and physical activity on sleep quality in younger adults: a multicenter study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of replacing time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) with moderate to vigorous physical activity on sleep quality in young adults.MethodsMulticenter cross-sectional study, carried out with students enrolled in undergraduate courses at universities in Brazil. Sleep quality was assessed using a question of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-brief) and classified as good or poor sleep quality. SB was evaluated by self-reported total sitting time, and the level of leisure-time PA was classified according to the intensity of moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) and vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA), which were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. An isotemporal replacement logistic model was used to evaluate the effects of different SB, MPA, and VPA sessions on sleep quality.ResultsA total of 8,059 study participants were evaluated, the majority had poor sleep quality (64.79%), were physically inactive (48.28%, defined as practicing < 150 min of MPA or < 75 min of VPA per week), and spent ≥ 9 h/day in SB (55.08%). The multivariate model showed an association between non-adherence to wake-based movement guidelines and poor sleep quality, where those with one altered behavior were 43% more likely to have poor sleep quality (OR:1.43;95%CI:1.27 to 1.60), while individuals with two altered behaviors were 97% more likely (OR:1.97;95%CI:1.73 to 2.24). In the isotemporal analysis, replacing MPA and VPA with equivalent time in SB increased the odds of poor sleep at all times assessed, with peaks of 56% for MPA and 68% for VPA.ConclusionThe results of the present study indicate that replacing SB with the same amount of MPA or VPA may reduce poor sleep quality.

Sedentary behavior is associated with the mental health of university students during the Covid-19 pandemic, and not practicing physical activity accentuates its adverse effects: cross-sectional study

BackgroundMovement behaviours, such as sedentary behavior (SB) and physical inactivity, have become a public health issue due to their implications for physical and mental health. The literature indicates that the university environment influences the movement behaviors of university students, and the strategies adopted during the pandemic may have favored a decrease in the practice of physical activity and an increase in the time dedicated to SB in this population. We aimed to evaluate the association of SB and moderate to vigorous leisure-time physical activity (MVPA) with presence of symptoms of mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis is a multicenter survey conducted with undergraduate students from eight Brazilian universities between October 2021 and February 2022 using an online questionnaire. The outcome variable was symptoms of anxiety and depression, assessed by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. SB was assessed by total sitting time, being that individuals with ≥ 9 h/day were classified with high SB. The practice of MVPA was evaluated based on weekly frequency, duration, and type of exercise. Subsequently, the ratio between the time spent in MVPA (minutes/day) and the time spent in SB (hours/day) was calculated, being considered as cutoff point was the practice of 2.5 min of MVPA for each sedentary hour. To assess the association between the outcome and explanatory variables, multivariable logistic regression was performed.ResultsA total of 8,650 students participated in the study, with an average age of 23.9 years (SD: ± 6.34). In the multivariate analysis, the odds of anxiety symptoms [OR: 1.37 (95% CI: 1.24–1.50)] and depression [OR: 1.61 (95% CI: 1.47–1.77)] were higher in individuals with ≥ 9 h of SB per day. In the analysis of the relationship between MVPA and SB, not engaging in 2.5 min of MVPA per hour of SB increases the odds of anxiety symptoms [OR: 1.44 (95% CI: 1.31–1.58)] and depression [OR: 1.74 (95% CI: 1.59–1.92)].ConclusionThe results suggest that SB is a risk factor associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression and that not engaging in MVPA exacerbates the negative effects of SB.

Paternal peri-conceptional physical activity and the risk of congenital heart disease in offspring: A case-control study.

Genetic and environmental factors have been shown to contribute to the development of congenital heart disease (CHD). To date, the focus of scientific articles has primarily centered on genetics and maternal environmental factors, with comparatively less attention given to paternal risk factors. This study aims to investigate the potential association between paternal pre-conceptional physical activity levels (PA), along with paternal peri-conceptional smoking and alcohol consumption, and the risk of CHD in offspring. An observational case-control study was conducted in Lebanon, with 279 participants, aiming to investigate potential risk factors for CHD. We included children with confirmed CHD, born between 2012 and 2022. Controls born in the same timeframe were selected randomly from the general population using online questionnaire forms. Mean age of children included was 6 years old (0-10). The pre-conceptional PA was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire validated in Arabic. In addition, paternal smoking, alcohol consumption, and maternal risk factors were collected. The study included 128 CHD cases (45.9%) and their parents, as well as 151 healthy infants (54.1%) and their parents. There were no statistically significant variations in the alcohol consumption noted between the fathers in the case and control groups (p=0.18). The paternal involvement in recreational-related PA during the peri-conception period was associated with a reduced risk of the CHD development in offspring by 46.9% (OR=0.531, 95% CI: 0.301-0.936, p=0.029). Additionally, increasing paternal total sitting time by 1 h above the average, which was approximately 260 min (4h), increased the risk of CHD in offspring by 0.4% (p=0.001). Moreover, paternal smoking exhibited an apparent association with a 56% increased risk of offspring developing CHD, notwithstanding that the confidence intervals included the null (OR=1.56, 95% CI: 0.86-2.8, p=0.136). This observational study is the first to report a potential association between paternal PA, and CHD in offspring. This study aligns with previous reports, advocating for the paternal engagement in PA and the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits, especially during the critical stages of conception. Such practices are strongly recommended to enhance fertility and promote optimal health for offspring. However, due to the subjectivity in reporting PA and lack of molecular proof, additional prospective and molecular studies are required to validate these findings.

Abstract P209: Accelerometer-Measured Sedentary Behaviors and Venous Thromboembolism Risk Among Older Women

Introduction: Venous insufficiency, which can occur with prolonged sedentary behavior, is associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. Whether accelerometer-measured sedentary behaviors are associated with VTE risk is unknown. Hypothesis: Longer total sitting times, mean sitting bout durations, and time spent in prolonged sitting bouts are associated with a greater risk of incident VTE. Methods: We studied participants of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (OPACH) study without prior VTE, with adherent accelerometer wear, and with sedentary behavior data (n=5,591). Between May 2012-April 2014, participants wore the ActiGraph GT3X+ triaxial accelerometer at the hip for 7 days. Three sedentary behavior measures were classified using the Convolutional Neural Network Hip Accelerometer Posture algorithm: total sitting time, mean sitting bout duration, and time spent in prolonged (≥30 minutes) sitting bouts. VTE events were centrally adjudicated. Multivariable-adjusted (Table) Cox models estimated HRs and 95% CIs for each sedentary behavior in relation to VTE risk. Women were censored at death, loss to follow-up, or end of follow-up (February 2023). Mediation by BMI was evaluated for behaviors associated with VTE. Results: On average, participants were 79 years old. Over a mean follow-up of 8.2 years, 229 women experienced a VTE. In primary confounder-adjusted models, longer mean sitting bout durations were associated with greater incident VTE risk (HR per 5-minute increase=1.15; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.28) (Table). BMI mediated approximately 30% of this association (p&lt;0.01). We found no significant evidence that total sitting time nor time spent in prolonged sitting bouts were associated with VTE. Conclusions: Longer mean sitting bout duration was associated with greater VTE risk, with substantial mediation by BMI. Our results suggest that reducing sedentary bout length in older women may reduce VTE risk.

Activité physique et qualité de vie chez les survivantes du cancer du sein

To assess physical activity (PA) and its determinants in breast cancer survivors (BCS), attending a Tunisian hospital, as well as to assess their quality of life (QOL) and examine the relationship between PA and BCS'QOL. We conducted a cross-sectional study among BCS attending the outpatient oncology, gynecology and radiotherapy clinics at a Tunisian hospital in April 2022 using a self-administered questionnaire. The valid Arabic version of the International Physical Activity. Questionnaire short version was used to assess PA and sitting time. QOL was assessed using the valid Arabic version of the 12-item Short-Form health survey. A total of 95 BCS were recruited. BCS reported overall moderate PA levels with a median MET of 1440 (IQR 680- 2400) minutes/week and a mean total sitting time of 281.79±134.36 minutes/day. Overall, patients aged 50 years and above had significantly lower levels of sitting time (231.43±129.32vs 332.14±121.63, p= 0.04). Similarly, subjects aged 50 years and above, and of rural origin had higher levels of PA (1908.5 (IQR 939.7-3268.5) vs. 1266 (IQR 471-2946), p= 0.114 and 1788.5 (IQR 1072.5-3252) vs. 1440 (IQR 537-3057), p= 0.259 respectively). Regarding BCS'QOL, they showed moderate disability in the physical component (39.3 ±7.08) , and mild disability in the mental component (43.94 ±9.23). BCS' QOL was significantly correlated to PA (r=0,258, p=0,012). Adherence to regular PA is effective in improving BC patients' survival rate. Therefore, to enhance survivors' QOL, a healthy lifestyle including regular PA is well recommended.

Prospective Associations of Accelerometer-Measured Machine-Learned Sedentary Behavior With Death Among Older Women: The OPACH Study.

Sedentary behavior is a recognized mortality risk factor. The novel and validated convolutional neural network hip accelerometer posture algorithm highly accurately classifies sitting and postural changes compared with accelerometer count cut points. We examined the prospective associations of convolutional neural network hip accelerometer posture-classified total sitting time and mean sitting bout duration with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) death. Women (n=5856; mean±SD age, 79±7 years; 33% Black women, 17% Hispanic or Latina women, 50% White women) in the Women's Health Initiative Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (OPACH) Study wore the ActiGraph GT3X+ for ~7 days from May 2012 to April 2014 and were followed through February 19, 2022 for all-cause and CVD death. The convolutional neural network hip accelerometer posture algorithm classified total sitting time and mean sitting bout duration from GT3X+ output. Over follow-up (median, 8.4 years; range, 0.1-9.9), there were 1733 deaths (632 from CVD). Adjusted Cox regression hazard ratios (HRs) comparing women in the highest total sitting time quartile (>696 min/d) to those in the lowest (<556.0 min/d) were 1.57 (95% CI; 1.35-1.83; P-trend<0.001) for all-cause death and 1.78 (95% CI; 1.36-2.31; P-trend<0.001) for CVD death. HRs comparing women in the longest mean sitting bout duration quartile (>15 minutes) to the shortest (<9.3 minutes) were 1.43 (95% CI; 1.23-1.66; P-trend<0.001) for all-cause death and 1.52 (95% CI; 1.18-1.96; P-trend<0.001) for CVD death. Apparent nonlinear associations for total sitting time suggested higher all-cause death (P nonlinear=0.009) and CVD death (P nonlinear=0.008) risk after ~660 to 700 min/d. Higher total sitting time and longer mean sitting bout duration are associated with higher all-cause and CVD mortality risk among older women. These data support interventions aimed at reducing both total sitting time and interrupting prolonged sitting.

The prevalence of sedentary behavior among university students in Saudi Arabia

BackgroundA considerable body of research has demonstrated that reducing sitting time benefits health. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the prevalence of sedentary behavior (SB) and its patterns.MethodsA total of 6975 university students (49.1% female) were chosen randomly to participate in a face-to-face interview. The original English version of the sedentary behavior questionnaire (SBQ) was previously translated into Arabic. Then, the validated Arabic version of the SBQ was used to assess SB. The Arabic SBQ included 9 types of SB (watching television, playing computer/video games, sitting while listening to music, sitting and talking on the phone, doing paperwork or office work, sitting and reading, playing a musical instrument, doing arts and crafts, and sitting and driving/riding in a car, bus or train) on weekdays and weekends.ResultsSBQ indicated that the total time of SB was considerably high (478.75 ± 256.60 and 535.86 ± 316.53 (min/day) during weekdays and weekends, respectively). On average, participants spent the most time during the day doing office/paperwork (item number 4) during weekdays (112.47 ± 111.11 min/day) and weekends (122.05 ± 113.49 min/day), followed by sitting time in transportation (item number 9) during weekdays (78.95 ± 83.25 min/day) and weekends (92.84 ± 100.19 min/day). The average total sitting time of the SBQ was 495.09 ± 247.38 (min/day) and 58.4% of the participants reported a high amount of sitting time (≥ 7 hours/day). Independent t-test showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between males and females in all types of SB except with doing office/paperwork (item number 4). The results also showed that male students have a longer daily sitting time (521.73 ± 236.53 min/day) than females (467.38 ± 255.28 min/day). Finally, 64.1% of the males reported a high amount of sitting time (≥ 7 hours/day) compared to females (52.3%).ConclusionIn conclusion, the total mean length of SB in minutes per day for male and female university students was considerably high. About 58% of the population appeared to spend ≥7 h/day sedentary. Male university students are likelier to sit longer than female students. Our findings also indicated that SB and physical activity interventions are needed to raise awareness of the importance of adopting an active lifestyle and reducing sitting time.

Joint associations of leisure-time physical activity and sitting time with emotional wellbeing, physical functioning and work ability: an occupational study among young and early midlife Finnish municipal employees

BackgroundPhysical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are major public health problems. We examined the individual and joint associations of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and total sitting time with emotional wellbeing, physical functioning and work ability in young and early midlife employees.MethodsCross-sectional questionnaire survey data were collected in 2017 among 19–39-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki (response rate 51.5%). LTPA (including commuting PA) was converted into a metabolic equivalent (MET) index. We classified the participants into four groups according to PA recommendations and participation in vigorous intensity activities. Total sitting time was classified into three groups using tertile cut-points (5.5 and 8.5 h/day). For joint analyses, we truncated LTPA into three groups and sitting time into two groups yielding a six-category variable. Emotional wellbeing and physical functioning were measured using the RAND-36 questionnaire and work ability with a scale ranging from 0 to 100. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted means and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The analytical sample included 4544 participants (80% females).ResultsAdjusting for age and sex, high sitting time (> 8.5 h/day) was associated only with poorer emotional wellbeing. LTPA, especially vigorous activity, showed clear positive associations with emotional wellbeing, physical functioning and work ability. For emotional wellbeing, the low activity groups with low (70.51, 95% CI 69.1–71.9) and high (67.5, 65.5–69.5) sitting time and the moderate activity groups with low (72.5, 71.3–73.7) and high (70.4, 68.6–72.1) sitting time had statistically significantly lower mean scores than the corresponding vigorous activity groups with low (74.9, 74.2–75.7) and high (72.7, 71.6–73.9) sitting time. For physical functioning, the vigorous activity groups with low (96.3, 95.8–96.7) and high (96.2, 95.5–96.9) sitting time had significantly higher scores than the other groups. For work ability, the vigorous activity groups with low (82.0, 81.3–82.6) and high (80.8, 79.8–81.8) sitting time had significantly higher scores than the other groups. Adjusting for covariates only slightly attenuated these associations.ConclusionsPromoting PA among employees can contribute to better physical and mental health as well as better work ability.

Abstract 15294: Preliminary Results of the Sit Less Program for Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) patients spend on average 10-14 hours per day sitting, which is higher than the recommended 8 hours of sitting. Independent of physical activity levels, higher levels of daily sitting are associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. This study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a multi-technology-based Sit Less program in reducing sitting time (ST) and increasing breaks in ST in CAD patients. Methods: CAD patients were randomized to a control (n=8) or a 12-week Sit Less program (n=11). Sit Less included one in-person counseling session, a Fitbit, a smart water bottle (used to break prolonged ST via frequent restroom visits), and tailored weekly text messages. Feasibility was assessed via text message response rate and program satisfaction. Primary outcomes included changes in total daily ST, prolonged ST (total time spent in sitting bouts of &gt;30 mins and &gt;60 mins), and sit-to-stand transitions (all measured using activPAL). Cardiometabolic biomarkers included BMI, blood pressure, insulin, HbA1c, and lipids. Pre-post group differences were examined using independent t-tests. Results: All participants completed the study (15 male, 66±10yrs, mean ST = 10.4 hours/day). Out of the 11 Sit Less participants, 82% responded to all text messages and expressed satisfaction with the program. Significant pre-post group differences were found for total daily ST and prolonged ST (Figure 1). The Sit Less group had 36 minutes reduction in total ST and 3.4 more sit-to-stand transitions, while the control group had 47 minutes increase in total ST and 1 fewer sit-to-stand transitions. No significant differences in cardiometabolic markers were found within or between groups. Conclusion: The Sit Less program was feasible in CAD patients and the intervention reduced total and prolonged ST. Large-scale trials are needed to assess the program's effectiveness in reducing sitting and improving cardiometabolic outcomes.

Sedentary behavior is associated with poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic, and physical activity mitigates its adverse effects

BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the association of sedentary behavior (SB) and moderate to vigorous leisure-time physical activity (MVPA) with sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsCross-sectional, population-based study in adults, conducted from October to December 2020 in the Iron Quadrangle region, Brazil. The outcome was sleep quality, evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. SB was assessed by self-report of total sitting time, before and during the pandemic. Individuals with ≥ 9 h of total sitting time were classified as SB. In addition, the ratio of time spent in MVPA to time in SB was analyzed. A contrasted directed acyclic graph (DAG) model was constructed to adjust logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 1629 individuals were evaluated, the prevalence of SB before the pandemic was 11.3% (95%CI: 8.6–14.8), and during the pandemic 15.2% (95%CI: 12.1–18.9). In multivariate analysis, the chance of poor sleep quality was 77% higher in subjects with SB ≥ 9 h per day (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.02–2.97). Furthermore, a one-hour increase in SB during the pandemic, increased the chance of poor sleep quality by 8% (OR: 1.08; 95%CI 1.01–1.15). In the analysis of the ratio of MVPA per SB in individuals with SB ≥ 9 h, practicing 1 min of MVPA per hour of SB reduces the chance of poor sleep quality by 19% (OR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.73–0.98).ConclusionSB during the pandemic was a factor associated with poor sleep quality, and the practice of MVPA can reduce the effects of SB.Graphical

Domains of Sedentary Behavior and Cognitive Function: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, 1999/2000 to 2006/2007.

This study examines the relationship between various domains of sedentary behavior and subsequent cognitive function to evaluate whether different sedentary activities have specific associations with future cognitive performance. Data were from 1 261 older adults participating in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study between 1999/2000 and 2006/2007. Total sitting time (hours/day), reading time (hours/week), and TV time (≤27/≥28 h/wk) were self-reported at baseline and 3 years later. At follow-up, cognitive function was evaluated using the Teng Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Multivariable linear regression modeling examined the independent associations of baseline sedentary behaviors and 3-year change in those behaviors with cognitive function scores at follow-up, adjusting for important covariables. Baseline total sitting time was positively associated with 3MS (β = 0.14 ± 0.07; p < .05) and DSST (β = 0.20 ± 0.10; p < .05) scores at follow-up, as was reading time (β = 0.09 ± 0.03; p < .05 for 3MS score and β = 0.14 ± 0.04; p < 0.01 for DSST score). Participants who increased their TV watching time over 3 years had a significantly lower 3MS score (β = -1.45 ± 0.71; p < .05) at follow-up, compared with those who maintained a low level of TV time (referent). These findings were independent of age, sex, race, education level, health status, depressive symptoms, and physical activity. Some types of sedentary behavior may have benefits for cognitive function in older age, thus highlighting the importance of measuring different domains of sitting time.

Validity and reliability of the Arabic sedentary behavior questionnaire among university students aged between 18–30 years old

PurposeThe study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the sedentary behavior questionnaire (SBQ).MethodsA total of 624 university students (273 males; 351 females, mean age = 20.8 years) were recruited from Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. For criterion and constructive validity (n = 352), the Arabic SBQ was compared with total sitting time from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form (IPAQ-SF) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form (IPAQ-LF). For concurrent validity, the English and Arabic SBQ versions were given concurrently to bilingual university students (n = 122) once. For test–retest reliability, the Arabic SBQ was given twice to participants (n = 150) at a one-week interval.ResultsSitting time of IPAQ-SF (7th question: sitting time on weekdays) and IPAQ-LF (21st question: sitting time on weekdays and 22nd question: sitting time on weekends) correlated significantly with total sitting time/week of the Arabic SBQ (r = 0.29, p = 0.003; r = 0.14, p = 0.02, respectively). Motorized transportation measured with the IPAQ-LF correlated significantly with time spent driving in a car, bus, or train from the Arabic SBQ on weekdays and weekends (r = 0.53, p < 0.001; r = 0.44 p < 0.001, respectively). The total sitting time of the Arabic SBQ was inversely correlated with BMI (r = -0.18, p = 0.001). The correlations between the Arabic and the English SBQ versions ranged from 0.25–0.96; p < 0.001 on weekdays and 0.50–0.90; p < 0.001 on weekends. Moderate to good reliability was also found between test and retest for all SBQ items and total score during weekdays (0.72 to 0.8), and weekends (0.64 to 0.87), with exception of the 7th item "play musical instrument", ICC = 0.46). Mean difference of test–retest of the Arabic SBQ was not significantly different from zero for the total sitting time of the Arabic SBQ (t = -0.715, P = 0.476).ConclusionThe Arabic SBQ had satisfactory levels of reliability, with total sitting time of the Arabic SBQ correlating significantly with sitting times derived from IPAQ-SF, IPAQ-LF, and the English SBQ versions. Hence, the Arabic SBQ can be used as a tool to measure sedentary behavior among adult Arabs aged between 18 to 30 years old in future epidemiologic and clinical practice.

Economic evaluation of a school-based strategy to prevent overweight and obesity in French adolescents: insights from the PRALIMAP randomised trial

ObjectivesThis study aimed to provide cost-effectiveness and budget impact analyses of a school-based overweight/obesity screening and care prevention strategy among adolescents. Study designCost-effectiveness and budget impact analyses. MethodsData from 3538 adolescents who participated in a school-based randomised controlled trial in the Northeast of France were used. Costs (from a public payer's perspective) included screening for overweight and obesity and subsequent care. Effectiveness was measured as the change in body mass index (kilogram per square metre), prevalence of overweight/obesity, moderate physical activity energy expenditure, duration and frequency and total sitting time. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated, and a budget impact analysis was conducted. ResultsThe screening and care strategy resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €1634.48 per averted case of overweight/obesity and €255.43 per body mass index unit decrease. The costs for increasing moderate physical activity by 1000 metabolic equivalent of task-min/week, duration by 60 min/week and frequency 1 day/week were €165.28, €39.21 and €93.66 per adolescent, respectively. Decreasing total sitting time by 60 min/week had a cost of €8.49 per adolescent. The cost of implementing the strategy nationally was estimated to be €50.1 million with a payback period from 3.6 to 7.3 years. ConclusionsThe screening and care strategy could be an efficient way to prevent overweight and obesity among adolescents. Future studies should investigate how the current results could be achieved in schools with different settings and thus justify its relevance for overweight and obesity prevention to policy-makers.

Health effects of reduced occupational sedentary behaviour in type 2 diabetes using a mobile health intervention: a study protocol for a 12-month randomized controlled trial—the ROSEBUD study

BackgroundShort-term trials conducted in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) showed that reducing sedentary behaviour by performing regular short bouts of light-intensity physical activity enhances health. Moreover, support for reducing sedentary behaviour may be provided at a low cost via mobile health technology (mHealth). There are a wide range of mHealth solutions available including SMS text message reminders and activity trackers that monitor the physical activity level and notify the user of prolonged sitting periods. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a mHealth intervention on sedentary behaviour and physical activity and the associated changes in health in adults with T2DM.MethodsA dual-arm, 12-month, randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted within a nationwide Swedish collaboration for diabetes research in primary health care. Individuals with T2DM (n = 142) and mainly sedentary work will be recruited across primary health care centres in five regions in Sweden. Participants will be randomized (1:1) into two groups. A mHealth intervention group who will receive an activity tracker wristband (Garmin Vivofit4), regular SMS text message reminders, and counselling with a diabetes specialist nurse, or a comparator group who will receive counselling with a diabetes specialist nurse only. The primary outcomes are device-measured total sitting time and total number of steps (activPAL3). The secondary outcomes are fatigue, health-related quality of life and musculoskeletal problems (self-reported questionnaires), number of sick leave days (diaries), diabetes medications (clinical record review) and cardiometabolic biomarkers including waist circumference, mean blood pressure, HbA1c, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides.DiscussionSuccessful interventions to increase physical activity among those with T2DM have been costly and long-term effectiveness remains uncertain. The use of mHealth technologies such as activity trackers and SMS text reminders may increase awareness of prolonged sedentary behaviour and encourage increase in regular physical activity. mHealth may, therefore, provide a valuable and novel tool to improve health outcomes and clinical management in those with T2DM. This 12-month RCT will evaluate longer-term effects of a mHealth intervention suitable for real-world primary health care settings.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04219800. Registered on 7 January 2020.

Self-reported total sitting time on a non-working day is associated with blunted flow-mediated vasodilation and blunted nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation

We divided the 466 subjects into two groups based on information on sitting time on a non-working day and evaluated flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID). FMD was smaller in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of ≥6 h/day than in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of <6 h/day (2.5 ± 2.6% vs. 3.7 ± 2.9%; p < 0.001). NID was smaller in subjects with sitting time at non-working day of ≥ 8 h/day than in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of < 8 h/day (10.1 ± 5.6% vs. 11.5 ± 5.0%; p = 0.01). After adjustment for confounding factors for vascular function, the odds of having the lowest tertile of FMD was significantly higher in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of ≥6 h/day than in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of <6 h/day. The odds of having the lowest tertile of NID was significant higher in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of ≥ 8 h/day than in subjects with sitting time on a non-working day of < 8 h/day. These findings suggest that prolonged sitting time on a non-working day is associated with blunted FMD and blunted NID.

Are physical inactivity, sitting time and screen time associated with obstructive sleep apnea in adults? A cross-sectional study.

Sitting time, screen time and low physical activity (PA) levels have been associated with several diseases and all-cause mortality. PA is related to better sleep quality and absence of daytime sleepiness, along with lower risks of obstructive syndrome apnea (OSA). However, studies on the relationship between sitting time, screen time and OSA are scarce in the literature. To analyze associations between PA levels, sitting time, screen time and OSA among adults with suspected sleep disorder. Cross-sectional study conducted at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. Data were collected from 369 adults with suspected sleep disorders who visited the hospital's neurophysiology clinic between August 2015 and January 2017. Correlations between hypopnea and PA indicators were demonstrated for total sitting time (0.123; P = 0.019) and total screen time (0.108; P = 0.038). There was also a correlation between latency for rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM_LAT) and total sitting time (0.103; P = 0.047) and a negative correlation between mean oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO_Avg) and total PA time (-0.103; P = 0.048). There were no associations between PA parameters and apnea-hypopnea index. After adjusting for confounding factors (body mass index, age and gender), sitting time and screen time were not associated with OSA. After adjusting for anthropometric and clinical factors, excessive sitting time or screen time was not associated with OSA in adults suspected of sleep disorders. Age, gender, hypertension, body mass index and waist circumference were associated with OSA.

Adolescent\u2019s movement behaviors and built environment: a latent class analysis

BackgroundLatent class analysis (LCA) is an alternative and innovative approach to verify the relation of the various combinations of the constructed environment and movement behavior (levels of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) characteristics. This study aimed to identify latent classes based on the characteristics of the neighborhood environment perceived by adolescents and their association with gender, socioeconomic status (SS), body composition and movement behaviors.MethodsThis cross-sectional study includes 309 Brazilian adolescents (14 to 16 years old, 57% female). The characteristics of the neighborhood environment perceived were analyzed by the Neighborhood Walkability for Youth Scale. Accelerometers were used for a week to evaluate the movement behaviors. Questionnaires assessed the screen times, total sitting time (TST), and sociodemographic characteristics. LCA was used for modeling the “Perceived Enviroment” variable, having been conducted in the poLCA (Polychromous Variable Latent Class Analysis) package of the R statistical software.ResultsThree classes were recognized: class 1, “Best Perceived Environment” with 23.03% of adolescents; class 2, “Moderate Perceived Environment”, 63.33%; and class 3, “Worst Perceived Environment”, 13.67%. Light physical activity (LPA), TST, and SS were associated with class prevalence. The adolescents with medium and low SS were, respectively, 3.42 (95% CI 1.62–7.21) and 4.18 (95% CI 1.66–10.50) more likely to belong to class 2, and those with low SS were 5.21 (95% CI 1.35–20.13) more likely to belong to class 3. Class 1 adolescents were associated with a lower chance (OR: 0.09, 95% CI 0.02–0.55) of involvement in ‘adequate LPA time’ compared to class 3. Class 1 adolescents were associated with a lower chance (OR: 0.31, 95% CI 0.12–0.79) of involvement in ‘adequate TST’ compared to class 2. There was a difference between the LPA and TST classes; class 3 presented a longer time in LPA than class 1; class 1 had higher TST than the other classes.ConclusionThe findings highlight the influence of neighborhood classes on adolescents’ LPA and TST.

Physical activity and sitting time in occupational groups from Papua New Guinea.

To assess physical activity and sitting time in workers from varied occupations in a regional urban population of Papua New Guinea (PNG), to identify priorities for worker health in a country experiencing rapid industrial development. PNG workers from a variety of settings (office [n = 213], blue-collar [n = 131], and retail [n = 52]) completed an interviewer-administered demographic questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form (IPAQ) and the Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ); and had height and weight measured. Comparison of activity and sitting time between occupational groups was undertaken using generalised linear equations, with models including demographic variables and sitting time/physical activity as appropriate. Participants reported median total physical activity (walking, moderate and vigorous PA) of 5025 MET-min/week (80% constituting walking) and over 97% of participants met physical activity guidelines (> 600 MET-min/week). Total sitting time was 7 hours/day (IPAQ) and workers sat for 50% of working hours (OSPAQ). There was no difference between groups total physical activity. Office workers reported more total sitting time and a greater proportion of their work time spent sitting than blue-collar and retail workers reported significantly less total sitting time both p < 0.001) and retail workers reported a greater proportion of their work hours standing than office workers and blue-collar workers. Sitting time in PNG office workers was high, similar to findings from high-income countries, but total physical activity was also high in all groups. As the PNG economy develops and office-based work becomes more prevalent, the challenge will be to minimise sitting time at work whilst maintaining high total physical activity.

Association between sitting time and neck-shoulder pain among office workers: A cross-sectional study

Background: Much of literature is available on aetiological factors and prevalence of neck-shoulder pain in office workers but limited evidence is available on association between sitting time and Neck-Shoulder Pain (NSP) among office workers. The objective of this study was to determine the association between sitting time and NSP among office workers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, the data were collected using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Selection criteria included participants having work related aches, working duration more than 3 hours in a day and 20 hours per week, and between 20–60 years of age. Data were analysed on SPSS-21. Results: The working hours per week with intensity of neck and shoulder pain was grouped as no pain, mild pain, moderate pain and severe pain. The sitting was further classified as low, moderate or high sitting. The results were found statistically significant with age, gender, smoking and pain intensity within the last month. Conclusion: Total sitting time per week at office was significantly associated with neck-shoulder pain among office workers. Further, high total sitting time per week was associated with increased NSP intensity compared to moderate sitting or low sitting with age, gender, smoking status or pain intensity. Pak J Physiol 2021;17(1):37?40