Total Pulmonary Capacity Research Articles

Exhaled NO predicts cyclophosphamide response in scleroderma-related lung disease

Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is not always effective in patients with scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), hence the need for biomarkers able to predict beneficial responses to CYC therapy. We therefore assessed whether baseline alveolar concentration of nitric oxide (CANO) could predict the favourable response to CYC therapy in patients with SSc-ILD.Nineteen non-smoker patients with SSc-ILD, were enrolled and treated with 6 courses of CYC (0.75g/m2/monthly) for lung function decline the year before inclusion, and followed-up for 2years period. We assessed the proportion of favourable response to CYC, defined as improvement of forced vital capacity (FVC) or total pulmonary capacity (TLC) more than 10% between the inclusion and each following visit, according to the validated cut-off of CANO at 8.5ppb identifying progressive SSc-ILD subset.At inclusion, 7 patients out of 19 had CANO >8.5ppb. Clinical parameters were comparable between patients with high (>8.5ppb) and low level of CANO (≤8.5ppb). After CYC therapy, and during the follow-up, 9 out of 19 patients had favourable response to CYC therapy, 10 did not meet responder’s criteria, from whom 4 patients died from respiratory failure. Six out of 7 patients with CANO >8.5ppb at inclusion had favourable response to CYC therapy, while only 3 out of 12 patients with CANO ≤8.5ppb responded favourably to CYC therapy (p=0.001).High level of CANO >8.5ppb reflecting alveolar inflammation identify SSc patients with a greater chance to benefit from CYC treatment with a significant lung function improvement.

THU0412 Reactive hyperemia index (RHI) is associated with macrovascular disease and lung disease in systemic sclerosis

BackgroundVasomotor endothelial function is an emerging data in functional exploration. Its meaning is well established in cardiology, where it independently predicted the occurrence of cardiovascular events. It interest has been...

Intensive long-term pulmonary rehabilitation program after oesophagectomy, a reflection

There is body of evidence regarding the efficacy of Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) in the comprehensive management of patients with respiratory disease, and PR programs are practiced worldwide. Positive results in terms of improvement in dyspnoea, exercise capacity and Quality of Life (QoL) are recognized in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However PR is beneficial in other forms of chronic respiratory diseases, like asthma, cystic fibrosis, restrictive thoracic disease etc. Moreover, PR is becoming a crucial component of the overall treating strategy in high risk surgical patients (i.e. lung volume reduction surgery [LVRS] and lung transplantation), and in the preand post-operative period of patients who are candidates or have undergone lung resection (LR) for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Pulmonary function is commonly altered after surgery, particularly in patients with COPD, current o ex smokers, who have had chest or upper abdominal surgery. The physiological changes observed are directly related to anesthesia (general or regional) and to the type of incision and surgical technique employed, and are reflected by decreases in total pulmonary capacity and pulmonary volumes and by a parallel reduction of Pa02. These functional alterations are in turn implicated in the development of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC), which are the main causes of morbidity and mortality among surgical patients. Therefore, the recovery of a good physical and respiratory function, the improvement of dyspnoea and quality of life are an important outcome in the postoperative management of these patients. Breathing exercises have commonly been used to increase pulmonary volumes and improve gas exchange and ventilation distribution. Diaphragmatic, segmental, and costal respiratory exercises, as well as sustained maximal inspiration, may alleviate surgically induced alterations such as

Evaluation of the Respiratory Muscle Strength of Cirrhotic Patients: Relationship With Child-Turcotte-Pugh Scoring System

Pulmonary abnormalities are observed in chronic hepatopathy. The measurement of the maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure may evaluate lung function and the risks associated with hepatic transplantation. Thus, the present work sought to evaluate the respiratory muscle strength of 29 patients between 17 and 63 years old who were enrolled for liver transplantation. The patients were classified according to Child-Turcotte-Pugh score as A, B, or C, and also according to a physiotherapeutic evaluation, which included measurement of respiratory muscle strength by means of a digital manovacuometer, which determines the maximum inspiratory pressure (MaxIP) and the maximum expiratory pressure (MaxEP). The tests were performed with seated individuals having their nostrils obstructed by a nasal clip. The MaxIP was measured during the effort initiated in the residual volume, whereas the MaxEP was measured during the effort initiated in the total pulmonary capacity, keeping pressures stable for at least 1 second. The statistical analysis was performed through using the Mann-Whitney test with a 5% level of significance. The MaxIP values of Child A 95.5 ± 40.507 cm H 2O (average ± DP) and Child B 87.2 ± 35.02 patients were higher than those for Child C patients (34.83 ± 3.68; P < .05). Similar results were observed for the MaxEP of Child A and B groups (116.25 ± 31.98 and 97.28 ± 31.08, respectively; P < .05), versus the Child C group (48.16 ± 22.60). Between groups A and B, the MaxEP were similar ( P > .05). We concluded that Child C patients display muscle weakness significantly greater than that of subjects classified as Child A or B.

Fonction respiratoire des enfants ayant des antécédents d’inhalation méconiale

Meconium aspiration syndrome is a disease of the newborn mature or post mature. The acute pulmonary consequences can be extremely severe. In the few studies of the long-term pulmonary sequelae, it seems that certain children surviving meconium aspiration syndrome keep an obstructive syndrome. The aim of our study was to assess long term respiratory residual damage from meconium aspiration syndrome. During a seven-year period going from 1994 to 2000, we reviewed the files of children hospitalized in neonatology department of Sfax for meconium aspiration syndrome. The children who were convoked (group M: n=27), underwent spirometry, followed by an exercise stress. An age matched control group (group C: n=23) of healthy children was investigated in the same way. The group M comprised 15 boys and 12 girls aged four to 11, an average of 7+/-1.9 years. With the study of the respiratory function, we did not find an obstructive syndrome. Spirometry revealed a total pulmonary capacity in an average of 133+/-55.65% of theoretical (group M) versus 105.5+/-27.96% of theoretical (group C) (P<0,01), testifying to alveolar hyperinflation. Spirometry fulfilled 5, 10 and 15 min after exercise showed a FEV1 reduction of respectively 8.5 versus 2 (P<0.05); 9.5 versus 3 (P<0.01) and 10.5 versus 4 (P<0.05). Children surviving meconium aspiration syndrome tend to develop alveolar hyperinflation and airway hyperreactivity to exercise.

Factors Associated With Dyspnea in Adult Patients With Sickle Cell Disease

The aim of this prospective study was to determine the cardiorespiratory factors associated with dyspnea in patients with sickle cell SS-hemoglobin disease, with a specific interest in lung vascular involvement. Forty-nine patients (29 women and 20 men; mean [+/- SD] age: women, 29 +/- 6 years; men, 31 +/- 11 years) underwent direct evaluations (Borg scale evaluation during a 6-min walk test) and indirect evaluations (modified Medical Research Council [MRC]score) of their dyspnea, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) [spirometry, volumes, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco), diffusing capacity of the alveolar-capillary membrane, and pulmonary capillary blood volume measurements], echocardiography, and biological evaluation. Thirty-four patients complained of significant breathlessness (MRC score, > 1). Indirect and direct evaluations of dyspnea were correlated. PFT results depicted a very mild restrictive pattern (mean total pulmonary capacity, 86 +/- 11% predicted) and an impairment of Dlco (mean Dlco corrected for the degree of anemia, 69 +/- 13% predicted). The statistical analysis demonstrated that dyspnea and exercise performance were closely linked to indexes of Dlco but not with any echocardiographic or biological measure including anemia. Nevertheless, only approximately 25% of the variability was explained by these associations. Despite having a similar history of vasoocclusive crisis events, women had more severe anemia, dyspnea, decreases in Dlco (corrected for the degree of anemia), and a higher capillary blood volume (corrected for alveolar volume) than men. Lung vascular disease contributes to dyspnea and the exercise limitation of patients with sickle cell disease. A sequential assessment of Dlco would therefore constitute one of the objective functional end points for follow-up studies of these patients.

Relationship between functional and X-ray alterations in patients with cystic fibrosis

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease marked by airway inflammation and airflow obstruction, resulting in air trapping in the lungs. OBJECTIVE: To assess the associations between airflow limitation, pulmonary volume and X-ray findings in patients with cystic fibrosis. METHOD: A cross-sectional retrospective study. Review of spirometric, plethysmographic, and chest X-ray findings of outpatients (age ³ 16 years). The airflow findings were classified as within normal limits or as airflow obstruction: mild, moderate or severe obstructive alteration. RESULTS: A total of 23 patients (15 male and eight female; mean age, 21 ± 5.9 years) were studied. Six of them were within normal limits, four had a mild, five had a moderate, and eight had a severe obstructive alteration. There was an association between airflow limitation and the increase of residual volume (p = 0.006) and also with the Brasfield score (p = 0.001), but not with the total lung capacity (p = 0.33). There was a correlation between residual volume and Brasfield score (r = 0,73, p = 0,002), but not with the total pulmonary capacity. Moreover, according to X-ray criteria, the air trapping was correlated only with the residual volume (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: In patients with cystic fibrosis (age ³ 16 years), the progressive airflow limitation is accompanied by an increase in residual volume, while the total pulmonary capacity remains normal or tends to decrease. The X-ray score was associated with airflow limitation and residual volume, but not with total lung capacity.

Comparative quantitative morphology of the mammalian lung: Trachea

Measurements of trachea! dimensions in a variety of mammals, covering the extremes of body size, indicate that tracheal length is nearly proportional to M 0.27, and tracheal radius is proportional to M 0.39. The ratio of ventilation to cross-sectional area of the trachea is a constant for all species, hence average linear flow velocity in the trachea is the same in all mammals. Assuming dead space volume is proportional to tracheal volume, the dead space volume was found to be proportional to M 1.05, in other words, it is proportional to both tidal volume and total pulmonary capacity; and since respiratory frequency is proportional to M −0.28, dead space ventilation is computed to be proportional to M 0.78, and hence, is nearly proportional to expired ventilation. From this it may be inferred that alveolar ventilation is proportional to metabolic CO2 production in all mammals and thus alveolar P CO 2 , is the same in all mammals. Similarly, since alveolar ventilation is proportional to oxygen consumption, alveolar P O 2 will also be nearly the same in all mammals at sea level.

AN EVALUATION OF RADIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LUNG VOLUMES.

Our interest in roentgen estimates of lung compartments developed indirectly from a program evaluating the respiratory status of parents of children with cystic fibrosis. Multiple pulmonary function study technics were used, supplemented by chest films obtained on inspiration and expiration (1, 2) and roentgen kymograms (3). Equal numbers of controls were studied to make a total of 250 subjects. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether simple radiologic measurements may be utilized to calculate the intrathoracic gas volume in a manner sufficiently accurate to be of practical research and clinical value. In 1918 Lundsgaard and Van Slyke reported a correlation of the external measurements of the chest with determination of lung volumes by gas dilution methods (4). Binger and Brow in 1924 (5) noted poor correlation of external measurements with “functional residual air” and suggested an estimate be made from chest radiographs which revealed more about the diaphragmatic level and corresponding lung volume. In 1933 Hurtado and Fray (6) were the first to actually correlate lung volumes with radiological measurements in 50 normal males. They double-exposed a postero-anterior chest film on inspiration and expiration, measured areas with a planimeter, and developed regression equations to determine the lung volumes and compartments. In correlating gas dilution lung volume with the xray method and with the external body measurement method of Lundsgaard and Van Slyke, they found the best values were obtained with the radiologic chest volume (ReV) (r = 0.636 for RCV and total pulmonary capacity, r = 0.717 for RCV and vital capacity). Wade and Gilson (7) compared radiologic chest volume determinations with lung volumes measured by conventional means. They emphasized that spirometric control of maximal inspiration and expiration is essential for good correlation (the value of r = 0.82 for total lung volume and RCV in 25 normal males with spirometric control dropped to r = 0.47 in a group of 38 normal males with no spirometric control). Cobb et al. (8), utilizing routine inspiration posteroanterior and lateral chest films from hospital files of 76 patients, measured areas from these films and introduced the figures into the Hurtado and Fray regression equations to calculate a total lung volume. They also subtracted volumes of diseased lung, yielding a corrected RCV with a better correlation coefficient (but not statistically significant) as compared to a correction for heart and mediastinal contents. The best coefficient of correlation was obtained in patients without disease masses (r = 0.906). A preliminary evaluation of 58 consecutive subjects who have been through our program revealed encouraging correlations with physiologically determined volumes as shown in Figures 1 to 3 (r = 0.880 for inspiration ReV and total lung capacity).

A clinical physiologic and psychologic study of 20 geriatric clinic patients.

Excerpt The establishment of the Pearl Geriatric Clinic at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital promoted a focus of interest on the ambulatory elderly patient within a separate clinic activity. At the o...

CLINICAL PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTING

Editorials1 August 1959CLINICAL PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTINGBRUCE W. ARMSTRONG, M.D.BRUCE W. ARMSTRONG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-51-2-405 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMany clinicians—doctors who practice medicine and see patients at the bedside rather than those who spend most of their work day in laboratories—frequently think of pulmonary function testing in terms of an elaborate methodology, intricate calculations and an obscure terminology. Although it is perfectly true that many aspects of pulmonary physiology are difficult to understand, there are several tests of pulmonary function with proved, practical value that are basically simple to understand and to use. Equally important, they can be fitted into a schema that unifies the test results into an integrated picture of the patient.Practically, there are three...1 BaldwinCournandRichards EdADW: Pulmonary insufficiency. I. Physiological classification, Medicine 27: 243, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2 Macklin C: X-ray studies on bronchial movements, Am. J. Anat. 35: 303, 1925. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3 Motley HL: Pulmonary function in the pneumoconioses, chapter in Clinical cardiopulmonary physiology, edited by Gordon, B., 1957, Grune & Stratton, New York. Google Scholar4 HurtadoFray AWW: Studies of total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions. II. Correlation with physical and radiological measurements, J. Clin. Investigation 12: 807, 1933. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5 WhitfieldWaterhouseArnott AGJAWM: The total lung volume and its subdivisions. A study in physiological norms. III. Correlation with other anthropometric data, Brit. J. Social Med. 4: 113, 1950. MedlineGoogle Scholar6 WhitfieldSmithRichardsWaterhouseArnott AGOEDGJAWM: The correlation between the radiological and spirometric appearances and the clinical and spirometric state in emphysema, Quart. J. Med. 20: 247, 1951. MedlineGoogle Scholar7 ShepardCohnCohenArmstrongCarrollDonosoRiley RHJEGBWDGHRL: The maximal diffusing capacity of the lung in chronic obstructive disease of the airways, Am. Rev. Tuberc. and Pul. Dis. 71: 249, 1955. Google Scholar8 CosbyStowellHartwigMayo RSECWRM: Pulmonary function in left ventricular failure, including cardiac asthma, Circulation 15: 492, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar9 GoughWentworth JJE: The use of thin sections of entire organs in morbid anatomical studies, J. Roy. Micr. Soc. 69: 231, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar10 CohnCochranPinney JETHC: A comparison of pulmonary physiologic studies with Gough sections of postmortem lungs, Clin. Res. 7: 128, 1959. Google Scholar11 BlumenthalBoren BJHG: Lung structure in three dimensions after inflation and fume fixation, Am. Rev. Tuberc. and Pul. Dis. 79: 764, 1959. Google Scholar12 SheldonOtis MBAB: Effect of adrenalin on resistance to gas flow in the respiratory tract and on the vital capacity of normal and asthmatic subjects, J. Appl. Physiol. 3: 513, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar13 Dayman H: Mechanics of airflow in health and in emphysema, T. Clin. Investigation 30: 1175, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar14 Bernstein L: Indications of quantal behavior in the inflation and deflation of rabbit lungs, Second Conference on Research on Emphysema, Aspen, Colorado, June, 1959. Google Scholar15 Bernstein L: A critical discussion of the recorded form of the fast vital capacity record, Thorax 9: 63, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar16 SteadWellsGaultOganovitch WWHSNLJ: Inaccuracy of the conventional water-filled spirometer for recording rapid breathing, J. Appl. Physiol. 14: 448, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar17 WellsSteadRossingOganovitch HSWWTDJ: Accuracy of an improved spirometer for recording of fast breathing, J. Appl. Physiol. 14: 451, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar18 AustrianMcClementRenzettiDonaldRileyCournand RJHADKWRLA: The syndrome of "alveolar-capillary block," Am. J. Med. 11: 667, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar19 Filley GF: Effects of pulmonary fibrosis on pulmonary function: man, Handbook of respiration, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, 1958, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, p. 268. Google Scholar20 Forster RE: Exchange of gases between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood: pulmonary diffusing capacity, Physiol. Rev. 37: 391, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar21 Bates DV: The measurement of the pulmonary diffusing capacity in the presence of lung disease, J. Clin. Investigation 37: 591, 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: BRUCE W. ARMSTRONG, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1959Volume 51, Issue 2Page: 405-412KeywordsPulmonary functionRespiratory physiology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1959 PDF downloadLoading ...

EMPHYSEMA: REBREATHING, BASAL METABOLIC RATE DETERMINATIONS, VITAL CAPACITY

Article1 November 1936EMPHYSEMA: REBREATHING, BASAL METABOLIC RATE DETERMINATIONS, VITAL CAPACITYHENRY M. THOMAS JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.HENRY M. THOMAS JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-10-5-596 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe classical picture of pulmonary emphysema is accepted without question by physicians, pathologists and roentgenologists. The chest is barrel-shaped and remains in the position of inspiration—moves as a whole—with diminished expansion and calls into play the accessory muscles of respiration. The percussion note is hyperresonant with obliteration of the compensatory spaces and the breath sounds are soft and expiration prolonged and sighing. The descent of the bases may be diminished, abdominal breathing is increased, although in long, narrow-chested individuals the diaphragms may descend freely. The lungs at autopsy are pale and voluminous, do not collapse on standing and microscopically present...Bibliography1. KOUNTZALEXANDER WBHL: Emphysema, Medicine, 1934, xiii, 251-316. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. RICHARDS DW: Disturbed action of thoracic muscles in dyspnea (personal communication Dec. 7, 1934). COURNAND, A., BROCK, H. J., RAPPAPORT, I., and RICHARDS, D. W., JR.: Disturbance of action of respiratory muscles as a contributing cause of dyspnea, Arch. Int. Med., 1936, lvii, 1008. Google Scholar3. HAMMAN L: Diseases of the lungs (in Oxford Medicine, 1920, ii, 68-81). Google Scholar4. HURTADOFRAY AWW: Studies of total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions; correlation with physical and radiological measurements, Jr. Clin. Invest., 1933, xii, 807-823. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. HURTADO A: Studies of total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions; observations on cases of obstructive pulmonary emphysema, Jr. Clin. Invest., 1934, xiii, 1027-1051. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. CHRISTIE RV: Lung volume and its subdivisions; methods of measurement, Jr. Clin. Invest., 1932, xi, 1099-1118. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. MCCANNHURTADOHALTREIDERFRAY WSANLWW: Pulmonary capacity and respiratory function in pulmonary fibroses, Trans. Assoc. Am. Phys., 1934, xlix, 45. Google Scholar8. CHRISTIEMCINTOSH RVCA: Measurement of intrapleural pressure in man and its significance, Jr. Clin. Invest., 1934, xiii, 279-294. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9. NEERGAARD K: Beitrag zur Lehre vom Emphysem, Verhandl. d. deutsch. Gesellsch. f. inn. Med., 1930, xlii, 624. Google Scholar10. BAKER B: Personal communication. Google Scholar11. THOMAS HM: Present status of vital capacity as test of pulmonary efficiency, Med. Clin. N. Am., 1935, xviii, 1685-1695. Google Scholar12. PEABODYSTURGIS FWCC: Clinical studies on the respiration. IX. The effect of exercise on the metabolism, heart rate, and pulmonary ventilation of normal subjects and patients with heart disease, Arch. Int. Med., 1922, xxix, 277. CrossrefGoogle Scholar13. ROBBWEISS GPS: The rôle of the pulmonary circulation in the dyspnea of circulatory failure and of hyperthyroidism, Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Invest., Jr. Clin. Invest., 1932, xi, 823. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Maryland*Presented in part before the American Clinical and Climatological Association, Oct. 22, 1935. Received for publication July 2, 1936.From the Medical Department of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Vital Capacity in Pulmonary EmphysemaGEORGE C. LEINER, M.D., F.A.C.P., SOL ABRAMOWITZ, B.S., MAURICE J. SMALL, M.D., F.A.C.P.Pathophysiologie der AtmungPathophysiologie der AtmungEVALUATION OP PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS IN DETERMINATION OP RISK PRIOR TO THORACIC SURGERY 1 November 1936Volume 10, Issue 5Page: 596-604KeywordsAutopsyBreathingEmphysemaLungsMusclesPathologistsRespirationThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1936 PDF downloadLoading ...

ETIOLOGY OF THE PULMONARY FIBROSES AND MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS OF PNEUMONOKONIOSIS

Article1 September 1935ETIOLOGY OF THE PULMONARY FIBROSES AND MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS OF PNEUMONOKONIOSISWM. S. MCCANN, M.D., F.A.C.P.WM. S. MCCANN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-9-3-234 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe medico-legal questions which have arisen in connection with the pneumonokonioses are of two kinds: those which come from common law suits for negligence, and those which are connected with workmen's compensation laws. Many of our states have not yet included pneumonokoniosis in their compensation schedules. In these states a furious battle is being fought in the courts, into which medical men are being drawn by both sides. The physician who is suddenly projected into the "no man's land," which is the territory of the expert medical witness, finds himself between two fires. He is faced with ethical problems of...Bibliography1. BALEFRAY WFW: A method for the analysis of dust samples employing x-ray diffraction, Jr. Indust. Hyg., 1935, xvii, 1. Google Scholar2. BOWMANBIANCO PGAJ: Tularemic pneumonia, ANN. INT. MED., 1934, vii, 1491. Google Scholar3. COLLISYULE ELGU: Mortality experience of occupational group exposed to silica dust, compared with that of general population and occupational group exposed to dust not containing silica, Jr. Indust. Hyg., 1933, xv, 395-417. Google Scholar4. FRASERIRVINE DSLG: Statistical account of the incidence and progression of silicosis among the gold miners of the Witwaters Rand, Silicosis, International Labor Office, Geneva, 1930, p. 618. Google Scholar5. GARDNERCUMMINGS LUDE: Reaction to fine and medium sized quartz and aluminum oxide particles; silicotic cirrhosis of liver, Am. Jr. Path., 1933, ix, 751-764. Google Scholar6. GARDNERCUMMINGSDOWD LUDEGR: Experimental inhalation of bituminous coal dust and its effects upon primary tuberculous infection in guinea pigs, Jr. Indust. Hyg., 1933, xv, 456-465. Google Scholar7. HURTADOKALTREIDERFRAYBROOKSMCCANN ANLWWWDWS: Studies of the total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions. VIII. Observations on cases of pulmonary fibrosis, Jr. Clin. Invest., 1935, xiv, 81. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. HURTADOKALTREIDERMCCANN ANLWS: Studies of total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions. IX. Relationship of oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide content of arterial blood, Jr. Clin. Invest., 1935, xiv, 94-105. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9. IRWIN DA: Microincineration as an aid in diagnosis of silicosis, Canad. Med. Assoc. Jr., 1934, xxxi, 140-143. Google Scholar10. IRWIN DA: Histological demonstration of siliceous material by microincineration, Canad. Med. Assoc. Jr., 1934, xxxi, 135-140. Google Scholar11. KLOTZ O: The pathology of pneumonokoniosis: a review, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1934, clxxxviii, 418. Google Scholar12. LANZAVANE AJRJ: Prevalence of silicosis in the general population and its effects upon the incidence of tuberculosis, Am. Rev. Tuberc., 1934, xxix, 8-16. Google Scholar13. MCCANNHURTADOKALTREIDERFRAY WSANWW: Estimation of functional disability in pulmonary fibroses, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1934, ciii, 810-815. CrossrefGoogle Scholar14. MCCONNELLFEHNEL WJJW: Health hazards in foundry industry, Jr. Indust. Hyg., 1934, xvi, 227-251. Google Scholar15. MCNALLY WD: Silicon dioxide content of lungs in health and disease, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1933, ci, 584-587. CrossrefGoogle Scholar16. PANCOASTPENDERGRASS HKEP: Roentgenologic aspect of pneumonokoniosis and its differential diagnosis, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1933, ci, 587-591. CrossrefGoogle Scholar17. PROSKESAYERS HORR: Pulmonary infection in pneumonokoniosis; bacteriologic and experimental study, Public Health Rep., 1934, xlix, 839-858. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester, New York*Read at the Philadelphia meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 30, 1935.From the Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Medical Clinic of the Strong Memorial and Rochester Municipal Hospitals. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1935Volume 9, Issue 3Page: 234-244KeywordsDentistryEtiologyHospital medicinePneumoniaPulmonary fibrosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1935 PDF downloadLoading ...

Studies of total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions. IV. Preliminary observations on cases of pulmonary emphysema and of pneumoconiosis: Hurtado, Alberto, Fray, Walter W., and McCann, William S.: J. Clin. Investigation 12: 833, 1933

Studies of total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions. IV. Preliminary observations on cases of pulmonary emphysema and of pneumoconiosis: Hurtado, Alberto, Fray, Walter W., and McCann, William S.: J. Clin. Investigation 12: 833, 1933

Studies of total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions. II. Correlation with physical and radiological measurements: Hurtado, Alberto, and Fray, Walter W.: J. Clin. Investigation 12: 807, 1933

Studies of total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions. II. Correlation with physical and radiological measurements: Hurtado, Alberto, and Fray, Walter W.: J. Clin. Investigation 12: 807, 1933

Studies of total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions. III. Changes with body posture: Hurtado, Alberto, and Fray, Walter W.: J. Clin. Investigation 12: 825, 1933

Studies of total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions. III. Changes with body posture: Hurtado, Alberto, and Fray, Walter W.: J. Clin. Investigation 12: 825, 1933

Studies of total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions. I. Normal, absolute and relative values: Hurtado, Alberto, and Boller, Charles: J. Clin. Investigation 12: 793, 1933

The cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Anacystis nidulans was shown to reversibly lose both intracytoplasmic membranes (thylakoids) and pigments when subjected to photooxidative conditions (light, air). For reversible photooxidation to OCl'ur, however, appropriate (pre)treatment was necessary. The bleaching conditions investigated in this paper were (a) low (2 -15°C) or high (48 -50°C) temperatures; (b) metabolic inhibitors (CCCP, DCCD, DCMU) and antibiotics (ehloramphenieol, penicillin); (c) certain divalent cations (Zn, Cd, Pb, Co), as well as agents strongly binding divalent cations, notably Ca2+ (EDTA, EGTA, phosphate).Reversible photooxidation appeared to take place in 2 distinct steps. In the first step, the structural and/or functional integrity of the membranes is somehow impaired by anyone of the conditions or agents employed, thus making the cells I iable to photooxidation proper, whieh occurs in the second step. This model is supported by the observations that (a) the same result, namely thylakoid-free “white” cells, was obtained regardless whether the 2 steps were allowed to proceed simultaneously or whether pretreatment had been applied in a preceding dark period under N2 before the cells were shifted to photooxidative conditions; and (b) only the chlorophyll containing thylakoids underwent photooxidation. Irrespective of the method used, the cytoplasmic memhrane remained essentially intact. Although the pretreatments affected of course both membmnes, photooxidation could occur only in the pigmented thylakoids. In the experiments deseribed here the derangement of the lIlPlIlbranes and, hence, their becoming susceptible towu,rcls photo oxidative atta('k might have resulted from various independent primary events, e.g.: lipid phase transitions in the membranes; or depleting the cells of metabolic energy and/or capability of vital protein turnover; or extracting or displacing Ca2+ from the membranes.Regardless of the treatment used the white cells were devoid of intracytoplasmic membranes. Nevertheless, after transfer to suitable conditions the white cells resynthesized both intracytoplasmic membranes and chlorophyll and eventually resumed growth.