Total Protein Carbonyl Content Research Articles

Effect of refrigeration and freezing on the oxidative stability of WB chicken breast

Wooden Breast (WB) myopathy has been observed in fast growing birds and is characterized by partial or full hardness of the Pectoralis major muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cold storage (refrigeration and freezing) of severe WB chicken breasts (WBS) on lipid and protein oxidative reactions. A total of 15 WBS chicken breasts and 15 normal chicken breasts (N), with no myopathy, were used in this study. Chicken breasts were stored under refrigeration (1 ± 2 °C) for 0, 11 and 14 days, and freezing (−18 ± 2 °C) for 0, 45 and 90 days, with 3 chicken breasts per sample being sampled for each time, except for day 0, with samples being the same for both storage conditions. WBS chicken breasts exhibited lower protein content and higher lipid and moisture content compared to N samples. Regarding storage type, freezing did not impact lipid oxidation of WBS chicken breasts; however, refrigerated storage reduced TBARS and WOF levels. Total protein carbonyl content was significantly impacted by refrigerated storage (30% increase) and freezing (140% increase). Regardless of storage type, WBS samples were more oxidized (lipids and proteins) compared to normal samples (N).

The effects of edaravone, a free-radical scavenger in lung injury induced by valproic acid demonstrated via different biochemical parameters.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether edaravone (EDA) has a protective role against valproic acid (VPA)-induced lung damage via its antioxidative activity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were split into four groups. Control (n = 8) rats; rats given EDA (30 mg kg-1 day-1 ; n = 10); rats given only (VPA, 500 mg kg-1 day-1 ; n = 10); rats given VPA + EDA (in the same dose and time) for 7 days. EDA and VPA were applied intraperitoneally. After 8 days, lung tissues were immediately taken from the rats. In lung homogenates, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant status levels, and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, sodium/potassium ATPase, paraoxonase1, and carbonic anhydrase activities significantly abated, whereas catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase activities insignificantly decreased in the VPA-treated group. In contrast, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, and total oxidant status levels, glycoprotein and protein carbonyl contents, nitric oxide, hydroxyproline levels, and xanthine oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, arginase, and prolidase activities significantly increased in the VPA-given group. Administration of EDA caused the reverse effects. As a consequence, EDA prevented oxidative stress-mediated lung injury via its robust antioxidant effects.

Impact of pulsed electric field and vacuum impregnation with Chamuang leaf extract on quality changes in Pacific white shrimp packaged under modified atmosphere

Vacuum impregnation-assisted penetration with Chamuang leaf extract (CLE; 1–2 g/100 ml) using 5 kPa absolute of vacuum, 7.5/15 min vacuum time and 15/22.5 min restoration time was studied in Pacific white shrimp subjected to prior pulsed electric field (PEF) before storage at 4 °C in modified atmosphere packaging (Ar/air; 80: 20). Lowest melanosis scores were obtained for samples treated with PEF (15 kV/cm, 800 pulses, 18 kJ/kg) and CLE (2 g/100 ml) with a 15 min vacuum time and 15 min restoration time and kept under an Ar/air atmosphere for 18 days. The control (untreated, kept in air) showed more melanosis during 18 days than treated samples (P < 0.05). Lower bacterial counts were attained in samples vacuum-impregnated with 2 g/100 ml CLE with prior PEF and stored under an Ar/air atmosphere (P < 0.05). These samples had lowest lipid oxidation, pH, total volatile bases and protein carbonyl content (P < 0.05). Higher liking scores for all attributes were noted in PEF-treated and vacuum-impregnated CLE (2 g/100 ml) samples. Thus, shrimp treated with CLE with the aid of combined processes and packaging had a shelf-life up to 18 days.

Von Willebrand Factor Multimers and the Relaxation Response: A One-Year Study.

Background and aim: Mental stress represents a pivotal factor in cardiovascular diseases. The mechanism by which stress produces its deleterious ischemic effects is still under study but some of the most explored pathways are inflammation, endothelial function and balancing of the thrombotic state. In this scenario, von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a plasma glycoprotein best known for its crucial hemostatic role, also acting as key regulatory element of inflammation, being released by the activated vascular endothelium. Antistress techniques seem to be able to slow down inflammation. As we have recently verified how the practice of the Relaxation Response (RR), which counteracts psychological stress, causes favorable changes in some inflammatory genes’ expressions, neurotransmitters, hormones, cytokines and inflammatory circulating microRNAs with coronary endothelial function improvement, we aimed to verify a possible change even in serum levels of vWF. Experimental procedure: We measured vWF multimers and the total protein carbonyl contents in the sera of 90 patients with ischemic heart disease (and 30 healthy controls) immediately before and after an RR session, three times (baseline, 6 months, 12 months), during a one-year follow-up study. Results: According to our data, large vWF multimers decrease during the RR, as does the plasma total carbonyl content. Conclusion: vWF levels seem to vary rapidly between anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic behaviors dependent on psychological activity, leading to relaxation and also possibly changes in its quaternary structure.

Combined hurdle effects of pulsed electric field and vacuum impregnation of Chamuang leaf extract on quality and shelf-life of Pacific white shrimp subjected to high voltage cold atmospheric plasma

Shrimp are perishable, mainly associated with enzymatic and microbiological reactions, in which the potential preservation technology is required. Shelf-life and quality of Pacific white shrimp (PWS) with prior pulsed electric field (PEF) and vacuum impregnation (VI) of Chamuang leaf extract (CLE) (1 or 2 %, w/v) subjected to high voltage cold atmosphere plasma (HVCAP) using Ar/Air (80:20) atmosphere for 10 min were investigated. Least melanosis scores and microbial load were attained in samples treated with 2 % CLE with the aid of PEF and VI and exposed to HVCAP (PEF-VI-CLE2-HVCAP) than the control and other treated samples during 18 days (P < 0.05) at 4 °C. This sample also showed lower lipid oxidation, pH, total volatile base (TVB) and protein carbonyl contents (PCC) than others (P < 0.05). Higher likeness scores of all attributes were noted in aforementioned sample. Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids was alleviated by CLE. Thus, shelf-life of PWS could be extended by the combination of non-thermal processes along with CLE up to 18 days.

Combined effects of pulsed electric field, Chamuang leaf extract and cold plasma on quality and shelf-life of Litopenaeus vannamei

Pulsed electric field (PEF) pre-treated Litopenaeus vannamei were immersed in Chamuang leaf extract (CLE) solutions (1 or 2%), followed by high voltage cold atmospheric plasma (HVCAP) in an argon/air (80:20) modified atmosphere for 10 min. Least melanosis scores were attained in the samples pre-treated with PEF (15 kV/cm, 800 pulses, 697 kJ/kg) and CLE (2%) prior to HVCAP compared to the untreated control, during 18 days at 4 °C (P < 0.05). The lowest microbial load and spoilage bacteria count (≤5 log CFU/g meat) were attained in PEF treated sample with 2% CLE followed by HVCAP (P < 0.05). Prior PEF sample in presence of 2% CLE showed lower peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, pH, total volatile base and protein carbonyl content than others (P < 0.05). Higher likeness scores were noted for all the attributes of the sample with prior PEF and 2% CLE sujected to HVCAP. Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and proteins was alleviated by CLE treatment. Phenolic compounds in CLE along with active species generated from HVCAP effectively inhibited microbial growth of L. vannamei during refrigerated storage. Thus, shelf-life of L. vannamei could be extended to 18 days using the selected combined hurdle technologies, while the control (without treatment and kept in air) had the shorter shelf-life (9 days).

Protein network analyses of pulmonary endothelial cells in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a vascular disease characterized by the presence of organized thromboembolic material in pulmonary arteries leading to increased vascular resistance, heart failure and death. Dysfunction of endothelial cells is involved in CTEPH. The present study describes for the first time the molecular processes underlying endothelial dysfunction in the development of the CTEPH. The advanced analytical approach and the protein network analyses of patient derived CTEPH endothelial cells allowed the quantitation of 3258 proteins. The 673 differentially regulated proteins were associated with functional and disease protein network modules. The protein network analyses resulted in the characterization of dysregulated pathways associated with endothelial dysfunction, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative phosphorylation, sirtuin signaling, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and fatty acid metabolism related pathways. In addition, the quantification of advanced oxidation protein products, total protein carbonyl content, and intracellular reactive oxygen species resulted increased attesting the dysregulation of oxidative stress response. In conclusion this is the first quantitative study to highlight the involvement of endothelial dysfunction in CTEPH using patient samples and by network medicine approach.

Effects of dietary supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris on oxidative stress attenuation and serum biochemical profile of pregnant New Zealand White rabbits

Oxidative stress negatively affects animals during gestation period and this condition is almost inevitable in the Tropics because of temperature elevation; therefore, objective of this study was evaluation of antioxidant effects of Chlorella vulgaris supplementation in pregnant rabbits. New Zealand white rabbits (40) were randomly distributed into five groups (n = 8) on day 0 of their gestation and were supplemented with 0, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg Chlorella vulgaris biomass per kg body weight respectively throughout the gestation period. Blood was collected from the animals in the last week of gestation for serum oxidative stress and biochemical profile assessments. There was significant difference in serum malondialdehyde concentration, total antioxidant capacity but protein carbonyl content was not significantly different. There was also significant difference in superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity and glutathione concentration. Furthermore, the results showed that serum biochemical profiles of the rabbits were within the normal ranges for healthy rabbits. The study therefore concluded that supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris significantly protects the rabbits against oxidative stress damage and has no deleterious effects on their organs function; hence, the microalga was recommended as an antioxidant supplement for pregnant rabbits.

Oligopin® Supplementation Mitigates Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

BackgroundEvidence indicates a close association between oxidative stress and the etiopathogenesis of osteopenia. In vitro and animal studies report that Oligopin®, an extract of French maritime pine bark extract, has beneficial effects on oxidative stress. PurposeHere, we aimed to determine whether supplementation with Oligopin® affects bone turnover markers, antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress markers in these patients. MethodsForty-three postmenopausal women with osteopenia were randomized in a placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial to receive either 150 mg/day Oligopin® (n = 22) or placebo (n = 21) for 12 weeks. Plasma levels of bone turnover markers; osteocalcin (OC), type I collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX-1), OC/CTX1 ratio along with total antioxidant capacity(TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, protein carbonyl, and total thiol contents in plasma, activities of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma as well as mRNA expression of MnSOD, catalase, and Nrf2 in PBMCs were measured at the baseline and the end of the intervention. ResultsOligopin® supplementation significantly increased OC levels and the ratio of OC to CTX1 in women with osteopenia compared to placebo intervention after 12 weeks. Oligopin® significantly decreased plasma protein carbonyl content in postmenopausal women compared with the after placebo treatment. Moreover, Oligopin® intervention significantly increased plasma total thiol content, TAC, plasma activity of both MnSOD and catalase, and the transcript level of Nrf2, MnSOD, and catalase in comparison with the placebo group. ConclusionSupplementation with 150 mg/day Oligopin® for 12 weeks exerts beneficial effects in postmenopausal osteopenia through improving the antioxidant defense system in the plasma and PBMCs that was accompanied by an increase in indicators of bone turnover.

Honey Extracts Exhibit Cytoprotective Properties against UVB-Induced Photodamage in Human Experimental Skin Models.

In the present study, we aimed to examine the antioxidant, antiaging and photoprotective properties of Greek honey samples of various botanical and geographical origin. Ethyl-acetate extracts were used and the and the total phenolic/flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Honey extracts were then studied for their cytoprotective properties against UVB-induced photodamage using human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) and/or reconstituted human skin tissue models. Specifically, the cytotoxicity, oxidative status, DNA damage and gene expression levels of specific matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were examined. Overall, the treatment of HaCaT cells with honey extracts resulted in lower levels of DNA strand breaks and attenuated the decrease in cell viability following UVB exposure. Additionally, honey extracts significantly decreased the total protein carbonyl content of the irradiated cells, however, they had no significant effect on their total antioxidant status. Finally, the extracts alleviated the UVB-induced up-regulation of MMPs-3, -7 and -9 in a model of reconstituted skin tissue. In conclusion, honey extracts exhibited significant photoprotective and antiaging properties under UVB exposure conditions and thus could be further exploited as promising agents for developing novel and naturally-based, antiaging cosmeceutical products.

The Imbalance among Oxidative Biomarkers and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Winiwarter-Buerger Disease).

(1) Background: Thromboangiitis obliterans or Winiwarter-Buerger disease (WBD), is an inflammatory, thrombotic occlusive, peripheral vascular disease, usually occurring in young smokers. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease are not clearly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants occurring in these patients. (2) Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 22 male patients with WBD and 20 healthy male smoking habit matched control group were included. To evaluate the possible sources of oxidative stress, the antioxidant biomarkers, and the markers of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, serum samples were analyzed for total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), myeloperoxidase (MPO), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC) activity and/or content. (3) Results: The circulating levels of TOS, TAC, and CoQ10 were significantly higher in WBD patients, with respect to healthy smokers as controls. No significant difference was found among the serum level of PC, total cholesterol, MPO, and GR activity in WBD patients and healthy smoker controls. The activity of SOD and the mean serum level of MDA were significantly lower in WBD patients, with respect to healthy smoker controls. (4) Conclusion: Considerably high levels of oxidative stress were detected in WBD patients, which were greater than the antioxidant capacity. The low level of MDA may be associated with the enzymatic degradation of lipid peroxidation products. High levels of CoQ10 and low levels of SOD may be related to a harmful oxidative cooperation, leading to the vasoconstriction of WBD, representing a promising tool to discern possible different clinical risks of this poorly understood peripheral occlusive disease.

Alteration in the oxidative status of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) fed with a diet containing Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. (Asteraceae)

Abstract The aim of the this study was to evaluate the effects of fresh, dried and freeze-dried Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. (Asteraceae) on the oxidant and antioxidant status of the model organism D. melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) experimentally. The study was carried out from 2016 to 2019, and plant leaf extracts (0-50 mg/l) were added to insect standard artificial diets. The total protein, protein carbonyl content and glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were quantified at the insect’s third larval stage. Our data showed that protein carbonyl content varied from 2.70 nmol/mg protein in the control group to 59.11 nmol/mg protein in the group fed with fresh leaf extract signifying induction of oxidative stress. All extracts increased the levels of all antioxidant enzymes and decreased the amounts of total protein. Meanwhile, the group fed with the freeze-dried extract showed no significant difference in the levels of total protein and protein carbonyl content except at the 50 mg/l concentration of the extract. Moreover, this group had superoxide dismutase and catalase activities 4 to 5 times higher than in the control group. In conclusion, induction of oxidative stress indicates that the fresh form of C. depressa leaves may have potential as a natural pesticide, whereas induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes by the freeze-dried extract suggest its potential as an antioxidant.

Propolis Extracts Inhibit UV-Induced Photodamage in Human Experimental In Vitro Skin Models.

The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant, photoprotective, and antiaging effects of Greek propolis. Propolis was subjected to n-heptane or methanol extraction. Total phenolic/flavonoid content and antioxidant potential were determined in the extracts. Promising extracts were evaluated for their cytoprotective properties using human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) or reconstituted human skin tissue following exposure to UVB. Assessment of cytotoxicity, DNA damage, oxidative status, and gene/protein expression levels of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were performed. The propolis methanolic fractions exhibited higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents and significant in vitro antioxidant activity. Incubation of HaCaT cells with certain methanolic extracts significantly decreased the formation of DNA strand breaks following exposure to UVB and attenuated UVB-induced decrease in cell viability. The extracts had no remarkable effect on the total antioxidant status, but significantly lowered total protein carbonyl content used as a marker for protein oxidation in HaCaT cells. MMP-1, -3, -7, and -9, monitored as endpoints of antiaging efficacy, were significantly reduced by propolis following UVB exposure in a model of reconstituted skin tissue. In conclusion, propolis protects against the oxidative and photodamaging effects of UVB and could be further explored as a promising agent for developing natural antiaging strategies.

Co-administration of retinoic acid and atorvastatin mitigates high-fat diet induced renal damage in rats.

Obesity causes many problems such as cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of retinoic acid and atorvastatin co-administration in kidneys protection against high-fat diet induced damage. Twenty-five male Wistar rats (200.00 ± 20.00 g) were divided into five groups: 1) Control (standard diet), 2) High-fat diet (cholesterol 1.00%, 75 days), 3) High-fat diet + atorvastatin (20.00 mg kg-1 per day, orally, on the 30th day, for 45 consecutive days), 4) High-fat diet + retinoic acid (5 mg kg-1 per day, orally, on the 30th day, for 45 consecutive days), and 5) High fat diet + atorvastatin and retinoic acid. At the end, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histological analyses. The results showed that atorvastatin and retinoic acid alone and in combination decreased cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein and increased high-density lipoprotein in high-fat diet. Also, atorvastatin – caused total antioxidant capacity increase and protein carbonyl content decrease the in the renal tissue. Atorvastatin also prevented high-fat diet-induced renal histological injury. Treatment with atorvastatin significantly mitigates high-fat diet-induced renal changes probably due to its potent antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects. The effect of retinoic acid in renal protection in a high-fat diet is far less than that of atorvastatin. The protective effect of the combination of these two agents in the high-fat diet on the kidneys seems to be due to the effect of atorvastatin.

Free radical scavenging potential of Drosera indica L in presence of Dalton Ascites lymphoma (DAL) tumor bearing mice

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant role of Drosera indica L. in Dalton Ascites lymphoma (DAL) bearing Swiss albino mice. The effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts of D.indica (EEDI and AEDI) were administered at a 250 and 500mg/kg once a day for 14 days, 24h after the inoculation of tumor cell line. After the treatment period, blood was collected from the animals and subsequently the animal were sacrificed for isolation of liver, brain, kidney and lungs for the observation of antioxidant status level. The parameters analyzed were catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (P), total protein (TP) and protein carbonyl content (PCC). Treatment with EEDI and AEDI significantly reduced the levels of MDA and increased the levels of GSH, SOD, CAT, P and TP in cancer induced animal and are similar as that of normal mice. The results suggest that the ethanol and aqueous extract of Drosera indica L. possess significant antioxidant effects in DAL bearing mice

The effects of resveratrol on markers of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In vitro and animal studies have shown that resveratrol exerts an antioxidant effect, but clinical trials addressing this effect in patients with T2D are limited. The aim of this study was to determine whether resveratrol supplementation affects oxidative stress markers in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. A total of 48 patients with T2D randomly were assigned to receive 800mg/day resveratrol or placebo for 2months. Plasma total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde concentration, protein carbonyl and total thiol contents, intracellular superoxide anion (O2-·) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in PBMCs, the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress responses (Nrf2, SOD, Cat, HO-1, RAGE, NOS) in PBMCs, and metabolic and anthropometric parameters were measured at the baseline and at the trial end. Compared with the placebo group, resveratrol reduced plasma protein carbonyl content and PBMCs O2-· level and significantly increased plasma total antioxidant capacity and total thiol content. Furthermore, the expression of Nrf2 and SOD was significantly increased after resveratrol consumption. Resveratrol had no significant effects on the metabolic and anthropometric parameters except for a significant reduction in weight, BMI, and blood pressure levels. Resveratrol was well tolerated, and no serious adverse event was occurred. Our study demonstrated that 8weeks of supplementation with 800mg/day resveratrol has an antioxidant effect in the blood and PBMCs of patients with T2D. Clinical Trial Registry number and website IRCT registration number: IRCT2015072523336N1 and http://en.search.irct.ir/view/24752 .

Formula derived Maillard reaction products in post-weaning intrauterine growth-restricted piglets induce developmental programming of hepatic oxidative stress independently of microRNA-21 and microRNA-155.

We recently reported augmentation of lipid peroxidation products in the liver of intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) piglets fed a high load of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) during suckling period. The underlying mechanisms of MRPs effects remain unknown. Here, we studied the long-term impact of MRPs exposure on liver oxidative status of IUGR juvenile pigs. Livers of 54-day-old pigs suckled with formula containing either a high (HHF, n=8) or a low (LHF: n=8) load of MRPs were analyzed for protein carbonylation levels , activities and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of glutathione (GSH) and main antioxidant regulators of redox homeostasis [Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. In addition, mRNA levels of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 were measured. The liver of HHF group exhibited a high level of lipid peroxidation with significantly increased expression and activity of SOD. Further in liver of HHF group, CAT activity was decreased as compared with LHF group, though with comparable total protein carbonyl contents, GSH contents, and expression of GPx and microRNAs (miRNA-21 and miRNA-155). Our findings suggest that the potential mechanism of MRPs-mediated oxidative stress programming in liver of IUGR piglets may occur via impairment of antioxidant defenses.

Impaired plasminogen binding in patients with venous thromboembolism: Association with protein carbonylation

IntroductionVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with hypofibrinolysis. Its mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated plasminogen-fibrin interaction and its association with fibrinolytic capacity and protein oxidation/carbonylation in VTE patients. Materials and methodsPlasma-purified plasminogen conversion to plasmin and surface plasmon resonance employed for plasminogen-fibrin interactions were individually evaluated in all healthy controls and non-anticoagulated patients following VTE, 10–23months since the event. We also assessed plasma fibrin clot permeability (Ks), clot lysis time (LT), activators and inhibitors of fibrinolysis together with oxidation/carbonylation markers. ResultsVTE patients had impaired plasminogen binding to fibrin (apparent Kd, +290%, p=0.002), reduced rate of plasmin generation (−4.7%, p=0.001), and longer LT (+18.6%, p<0.001) compared with controls. Fibrinogen and Ks were similar in both groups. Apparent Kd correlated with LT (r=0.43, p=0.037), tissue plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (tPA-PAI-1) complexes (r=0.63, p=0.012), and active PAI-1 (r=0.49, p=0.03). Compared with controls, VTE patients had higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total protein carbonyl content (PC), and lower total antioxidant capacity (all p<0.001), that all were associated with LT (r=0.61, r=0.56, and r=−0.47, respectively, all p<0.05). Impaired plasminogen binding to fibrin reflected by apparent Kd positively correlated with TBARS (r=0.48, p=0.032) and PC (r=0.54, p=0.013) in the whole group. ConclusionsPlasminogen-fibrin interactions are altered in young and middle-aged VTE patients, without known thrombophilias, except increased factor VIII. The mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain to be established.

Protective effect of Allium sativum (garlic) aqueous extract against lead-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain, liver, and kidney.

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the ameliorative activity of Allium sativum against lead-induced oxidative stress in the brain, liver, and kidney of male rats. Four groups of male Wistar strain rats (100-120g) were taken: group 1 received 1000mg/L sodium acetate and group 2 was given 1000mg/L lead acetate through drinking water for 2weeks. Group 3 and 4 were treated with 250mg/kg body weight/day of A. sativum and 500mg/kg body weight/day of A. sativum, respectively, by oral intubation for a period of 2weeks along with lead acetate. The rats were sacrificed after treatment and the brain, liver, and kidney were isolated on ice. In the brain, four important regions namely the hippocampus, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and brain stem were separated and used for the present investigation. Blood was also drawn by cardiac puncture and preserved in heparinized vials at 4°C for estimation of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity. The results showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation products (LPP), total protein carbonyl content (TPCC), and lead in the selected brain regions, liver, and kidney of lead-exposed group compared with their respective controls. Blood delta-ALAD activity showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the lead-exposed rats. However, the concomitant administration of A. sativum resulted in tissue-specific recovery of oxidative stress parameters namely ROS, LPP, and TPCC. A. sativum treatment also restored the blood delta-ALAD activity back to control. Overall, our results indicate that A. sativum administration could be an effective antioxidant treatment strategy for lead-induced oxidative insult.

Effects of brown seaweed polyphenols, α-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid on protein oxidation and textural properties of fish mince (Pagrosomus major) during frozen storage.

Frozen storage of minced fish is currently one of the most important techniques to maintain its functional properties. However, some deterioration does occur during frozen storage and cause quality loss. The effects of brown seaweed polyphenols, α-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid on lipid and protein oxidation and textural properties of red sea bream (Pagrosomus major) during 90 days of frozen storage at -18 °C were investigated. All added antioxidants at 1 g kg-1 resulted in significantly lower thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) compared to the control during the 45 days of frozen storage. The antioxidants were also effective in retarding protein oxidation concerning to total sulfhydryl content and protein carbonyl content. Brown seaweed polyphenols and α-tocopherol significantly retarded the inactivation of Ca2+ -ATPase activity during the first 45 days, whereas ascorbic acid had no such effect. The antioxidant activity showed either an invariable or decrease trend after 45 days storage. Adding antioxidants had a significant effect on the breaking force of the gels during the frozen storage period. These results indicate that brown seaweed polyphenols and α-tocopherol can be used to prevent oxidative reactions and thus maintain the structure of the gel formed by fish mince during frozen storage. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.