Lung cancer is a major contributor to cancer-related death worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are currently viewed as the established first-line therapy for patients with advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutations. The potential predictive value of the quantitative abundance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in the treatment of NSCLC is widely recognized and regarded as a significant indicator. The definition of mutation abundance in the EGFR gene in most current studies is mainly calculated based on the ratio of mutation to wild-type gene copy number or based on the ratio of allele number; for example, variant allele frequency (VAF) is the ratio of the number of mutant alleles to the total number of alleles at a particular locus. Results of the included primary studies: 1. Significant association between EGFR mutation abundance and PFS: Median PFS was significantly longer in the high abundance group (11.0 months, 95% CI: 9.7-12.3 months)) thenin the low abundance group (5.3 months, 95% CI: 3.6-7.0 months) in the study by Liu et al. High mutation abundance (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66-0.82, P=0.037) was an independent prognostic determinant of PFS. in the study by wang et al. among patients receiving EGFR-TKI as first-line therapy; the median PFS was significantly longer in the high mutation abundance group than in the low mutation abundance group (12.7 months vs. 8.7 months, P=0.002). EGFR mutation abundance ≥30% was an independent risk factor for PFS (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.17-2.31).2. Significant association between EGFR mutation abundance and OS: The median OS in the high abundance group in the study by Liu et al. was 20.9 months (95% CI: 18.3-23.5 months), while that in the low abundance group was 13.0 months (95% CI: 10.0 months). (95% CI: 10.3-15.7 months),longer OS was independently associated with high mutation abundance (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.50-0.79, P=0.027).Key Messages: The objective of this article is to conduct a comprehensive examination and analysis of the association between the abundance of EGFR mutations in NSCLC and the effectiveness of treatment with TKIs while also considering the development of drug resistance.