Total Metabolite Excretion Research Articles

Correlation of fluorescent tracer measurements of dermal exposure and urinary metabolite excretion during occupational exposure to malathion.

Nineteen workers conducting mixing and high-volume airblast applications of the organophosphorus pesticide malathion were monitored simultaneously by biological monitoring and fluorescent tracer evaluation of dermal exposure. Complete 72-hr urine samples were collected and analyzed for dimethylthiophosphate and dimethyldithiophosphate metabolites. Dermal exposure was measured through the addition of a fluorescent tracer to the tank mix, subsequent examination of the skin surface under long-wave ultraviolet light, and fluorescence quantification with a video imaging system. Dermal exposure to applicators was correlated highly with total metabolite excretion (r = 0.91). Mixer exposure was not correlated significantly (r = 0.73) because of wide scatter in the data and the small number of workers monitored. Applicator exposures were more than 3 times higher than mixer exposures, reflecting the high exposure potential inherent in airblast spraying. Exposure to regions protected by gloves or clothing was more than 75% of total exposure for both mixers and applicators. These results provide evidence that the fluorescent tracer technique is a valid methodology for measuring relative levels of dermal exposure during agricultural work activities. The technique also holds promise as a quantitative procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of engineering control strategies and protective clothing performance.

Correlation of Fluorescent Tracer Measurements of Dermal Exposure and Urinary Metabolite Excretion during Occupational Exposure to Malathion

Nineteen workers conducting mixing and high-volume airblast applications of the organophosphorus pesticide malathion were monitored simultaneously by biological monitoring and fluorescent tracer evaluation of dermal exposure. Complete 72-hr urine samples were collected and analyzed for dimethylthiophosphate and dimethyldithiophosphate metabolites. Dermal exposure was measured through the addition of a fluorescent tracer to the tank mix, subsequent examination of the skin surface under long-wave ultraviolet light, and fluorescence quantification with a video imaging system. Dermal exposure to applicators was correlated highly with total metabolite excretion (r=0.91). Mixer exposure was not correlated significantly (r=0.73) because of wide scatter in the data and the small number of workers monitored. Applicator exposures were more than 3 times higher than mixer exposures, reflecting the high exposure potential inherent in airblast spraying. Exposure to regions protected by gloves or clothing was more than 75% of total exposure for both mixers and applicators. These results provide evidence that the fluorescent tracer technique is a valid methodology for measuring relative levels of dermal exposure during agricultural work activities. The technique also holds promise as a quantitative procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of engineering control strategies and protective clothing performance.

Phenylalanine metabolites as indicators of dietary compliance in children with phenylketonuria.

The data from this study showed that the excretion of three major metabolites of phenylalanine in patients with PKU approach normal values at blood phenylalanine levels less than 5.0 mg/dl. The MANOVA showed statistically significant differences in phenyllactate excretion when blood phenylalanine was greater than 10.0 mg/dl. The PL and total metabolite excretion were significantly correlated to blood phenylalanine in multiple samples taken from two individual subjects. Using data obtained from single patient observations may serve as a means for individualizing the PKU diet to insure low levels of phenylalanine metabolites and thus insure optimal development for patients with PKU.

Excretion and residues of the herbicides benzoylprop‐ethyl flamprop‐isopropyl and flamprop‐methyl in cows, pigs and hens

AbstractTwo wild oat herbicides, benzoylprop‐ethyl and flamprop‐methyl were administered to lactating cows at low dose levels (0.3–3.0 mg/kg in total diet) and the excretion of total metabolites in milk, urine and faeces was measured. Total residues in tissues were also determined. Similarly a third and related herbicide flamprop‐isopropyl was fed to cows, pigs and hens (at 0.5 mg/kg in total diet) and the residues were determined in excreta and tissues, including eggs. The amounts of the compounds fed were equivalent to approximately 10–300 times the total residue found in cereal treated in the field. Residues in milk in most cases were well below 0.001 mg/kg; in muscle samples <0.003 mg/kg; and in eggs, 0.0008 mg/kg, decreasing by 50% in approximately 3 days to 0.0001 mg/kg 4 days after the termination of treatment. Elimination of the herbicides from the animals was rapid in every case and this, together with the low residue levels, was attributed to very efficient metabolic de‐esterification to the parent carboxylic acid metabolites (benzoylprop and flamprop). These metabolites possess physical properties ideally suited for excretion via the kidneys and bile into urine and faeces and, conversely, unsuited for transport into milk and eggs.