Total Knowledge Score Research Articles

Analysis on the Knowledge about Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders of a Male Motorcycle Community in Indonesia

Abstract Background Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are a group of oral lesions or conditions with a higher risk of malignant transformation. OPMD affects 4.47% of people worldwide, with predilection in males. The high tendency of frequent tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption may lead the male motorcycle community to have a higher risk for developing OPMD and malignant transformation. Objectives This article determines the level of knowledge about OPMD within a male motorcycle community. Methods This study uses a survey research design that is a questionnaire-based and descriptive study. Data were obtained using a Google Form, and IBM SPSS was used for analysis. Simple random sampling is the sampling method applied. The total knowledge score is divided into three levels, low (0–4), moderate (5–9), and high (10–15). Results The questionnaire was finished by 60 people entirely. All respondents (100%) were men, and the majority (83.00%) was aged between 20 and 21. A total of 26 respondents (43.30%) had moderate knowledge levels, followed by 21 with high knowledge levels (35.0%), and 13 with low knowledge levels (21.70%). Conclusion The majority of the male motorcycle community (43.30%) has a moderate knowledge level regarding OPMD. This study indicates the need for educational measures to improve awareness regarding OPMD in a high-risk community.

Knowledge, experience and perception regarding Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) among pediatric dentists in Manaus, Amazonas

To assess the knowledge and perceptions about MIH among pediatric dentists, a cross-sectional study was carried out by the application of online questionnaires to 50 pediatric dentists registered at Amazonas Council of Dentistry which were divided, according to the place of work, into two groups: Group I-Private offices, university and public service of Primary Health Care and Group II -Dentistry Specialized Centers -CEOs. Most participants were female (94.0%), with a mean age of 42.3 years (±8.3) and professional experience ≥15 years. Although almost all respondents knew MIH (98%) and performed treatment in affected patients (96%), 95.9% said they were not prepared to complete the differential diagnosis, and only 4.1% were confident in defining the treatment. The most clinical challenges faced in treating a patient with MIH were the longevity of restorations (73.5%) and tooth sensitivity (63.3%). The total mean score of the professionals' knowledge was 25.9. There was no difference between the two groups' knowledge of MIH. The perception of MIH of pediatric dentists in Manaus was good. Still, there is an urgent need to clinically train dentists about MIH to ensure confidence in diagnosing this enamel defect early.

Effect of Body Mechanics Training Program on Low Back Pain and Disability among Patients with Lumbar Disc Prolapse

Context: Lumbar disc prolapse is one of the most common spinal pathologies, which can be associated with debilitating pain and neurological dysfunction. Evidence suggests that patients with disc prolapse and low back pain must be taught proper body mechanics to move safely and with the least strain possible on their back.
 Aim: Evaluate the effect of body mechanics training program on low back pain and disability among patients with lumbar disc prolapse. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design (study and control group) was utilized to achieve the aim of this study. This study was conducted in the neurosurgery department and neurosurgery outpatient clinic at Benha University Hospital on a purposive sample of patients diagnosed with lumbar disc prolapse. Three tools for data collection were used; a Structured interviewing questionnaire for patients; a visual analog pain scale, and Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire.
 Results: Showed that the total mean knowledge score for the study and control group was 33.500±3.862 and 8.140±6.402, respectively, after one-month post-program implementation, with a statistically significant difference between both groups. Also, 75% of the study group had mild pain, and 58% of the control group had moderate pain post-program implementation, with statistically significant differences between the study and control group post-program, where p=0.000. Regarding functional disability scores among study and control groups pre and one month after program implementation. It shows that (67% and 63%) of the study and control groups had severe disability pre-program implementation. In contrast, post-program implementation, 65% of the study group had moderate disability, while 13% of the control group had moderate disability.
 Conclusion: Implementing body mechanics training program for patients with lumbar disc prolapse improved knowledge, reduced pain severity, and reduced disability among the study group compared to the control group. A simplified colored booklet about using body mechanics when performing activities of daily living should be available for all patients with lumber disc prolapse.

Trend over time on knowledge of the health effects of cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use in Bangladesh: Findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Bangladesh Surveys.

Cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco (ST) use are prevalent in Bangladesh. This longitudinal study examined how knowledge of the health effects of smoking and ST use in Bangladesh has changed overtime with the country's acceleration of tobacco control efforts. Data were analysed from the International Tobacco Control Survey, a nationally representative longitudinal study of users and non-users of tobacco (aged 15 and older) in Bangladesh, across four waves conducted in 2009 (n = 4378), 2010 (n = 4359), 2012 (n = 4223) and 2015 (n = 4242). Generalised estimating equations assessed the level of knowledge about harms of tobacco use across four waves. Multivariable logistic regressions assessed whether knowledge of health effects from cigarette smoking and ST use in 2015 differed by user group. In 2015 survey, most tobacco users were aware that cigarette smoking causes stroke (92%), lung cancer (97%), pulmonary tuberculosis (97%) and ST use causes mouth cancer (97%) and difficulty in opening mouth (80%). There were significant increases in the total knowledge score of smoking related health harm from 2010 to 2012 (mean difference = 0.640; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.537, 0.742) and 2012 to 2015 (mean difference = 0.555; 95% CI 0.465, 0.645). Participants had greater odds of awareness for ST health effects from 2010 to 2015. The results suggest that increasing efforts of awareness policy interventions is having a positive effect on tobacco-related knowledge in Bangladesh. These policy initiatives should be continued to identify optimal methods to facilitate behaviour change and improve cessation of smoking and ST use.

Rehabilitation Intervention Program about Neck Pain and Functional Disability among Information Technology Employees at Assuit City- Egypt

Background: Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints worldwide. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation intervention program about neck pain and functional disability among information technology employees. Design: A pretest, posttest design was used in this study with total coverage of all complainants from neck pain (n=73). Methods: The period of collecting data was from the mid of April 2021 to mid of December 2021. Four tools were used, tool I: A structured questionnaire that consisted of two parts: 1st part: socio-demographic data and working hours, 2nd part: assessment of knowledge of employees. Tool (II): Neck Pain Questionnaire, tool (III): observational checklist and tool (IV):The educational program has been developed. Results: 68.5% of employees had moderate neck pain & functional disability in pre-test while only 69.9% of them mild pain in follow up test. 87.7% of them had poor knowledge in the pre-test and improved in the post and follow-up tests to 98.6 % and 61.6% respectively. A statistically significant negative correlation existed between total knowledge scores with neck pain and functional scores in pre and follow up test. Moreover, 86.3% of studied employees had poor practice scores about isometric, stretching exercises and correct posture in the pre-test, which improved to 94.5%, 39.7% of them having good practice scores in the post-test and in the follow-up test, respectively. A statistically significant positive correlation at pre, post, and follow-up tests (r = 0.520, 0.527, and 0.339, respectively). Conclusion: The study concluded that the rehabilitation intervention program had a positive effect on knowledge, practices and level of neck pain and functional disability of employees at post and follow-up tests

Measure of Caregiver Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Knowledge Is Responsive to Decision Aid on Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

ObjectiveAdapt and test a measure of knowledge for caregivers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and evaluate the impact of the information component of a decision aid (DA) on participant knowledge. MethodsA set of seven knowledge items were created based on prior knowledge measures and clinical guidelines. As part of a larger cross-sectional survey study of caregivers of children diagnosed with ADHD, caregivers were randomized to one of two arms: 1) a DA arm, where participants reviewed the information component of the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital’s DA, and 2) a control arm, where participants were not shown a DA. All participants completed the seven knowledge items. Knowledge items were assessed for difficulty, quality of distractors, acceptability, and redundancy. Total knowledge scores (0–100) for the DA and control arm were compared. ResultsCaregivers were assigned to the DA arm (n = 243) or the control arm (n = 260). All 7 knowledge items were retained as no items were too difficult or too easy, all response options were used, there were little missing data, and no items were redundant. The overall knowledge score was normally distributed, and almost covered the full range of scores (5–100). Those who received the DA component had higher knowledge scores (M=68, SD=23) than those who did not receive the DA component (M=60, SD=19, P < .01, d=0.4). ConclusionsThe Caregiver ADHD Knowledge (CAKe) measure was acceptable and demonstrated construct validity as those who were assigned to review the DA component demonstrated greater knowledge than those who were not assigned to review the DA component.

Evaluation of knowledge related to competency of nurse educators after participating in international outreach seminar for continuing nursing education in Myanmar

Background and aimsWith the drastic changes brought about by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) to nursing science and education, public-private collaboration efforts have been crucial in improving skills using technology. Nurse educators are expected to expand their knowledge and develop skills both in clinical and educational institutions to be able to implement evidence-based practice and develop professional competency. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge related to competency of nurse educators before and after participating in an international outreach seminar for continuing nursing education in Myanmar. MethodsWe conducted an evaluation study to clarify the outcomes of an international outreach seminar before and after its implementation in Myanmar. The seminar focused on the development and improvement of nursing education, as well as research skills and knowledge of nurses. The two-day seminar was conducted at the University of Nursing, Mandalay in Myanmar on September 30, 2019 and October 1, 2019. Pre- and post-questionnaires were distributed before and after the seminar. ResultsThe seminar was attended by 60 participants who were affiliated with a university (41.7%), nursing school (8.3%), hospital (33.3%), and other institutions (16.7%). All the participants had 12.57 years of clinical experience on average. There was a significant increase in the total average score of knowledge from 31.08 (SD = 19.95) before the seminar to 44.15 (SD = 22.19) after the seminar (p = 0.002). Over 90% of the participants recognized changes in their self-efficacy as educators. ConclusionsThe participants acquired valuable up-to-date knowledge related to competency of nurse educators after attending the two-day international outreach seminar. They became keenly aware of the changes in their self-efficacy as educators. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Myanmar to evaluate knowledge related to competency of nurse educators who attended this seminar for continuing nursing education. This seminar was conducted as a mutual collaborative undertaking based on a long academic relationship built on trust and years of partnership between our universities. The findings imply that it is important for low- and middle-income countries to maintain a continuous international collaboration to be able to promote and support professional growth, knowledge, competency, and self-efficacy of their nursing educators. Tweetable abstractA two-day international outreach seminar on continuing education for clinical nurses and faculty members in Myanmar improved their knowledge related to competency and enhanced their recognition of changes in their self-efficacy as educators.

An Evaluation of Voice Hygiene in High School Choir Singers

Voice hygiene, including proper hydration and limiting phonotraumatic behaviors and refluxogenic foods when appropriate, is essential to voice care for singers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate voice care practices, knowledge, and factors correlating with improved voice hygiene and knowledge in adolescents, an understudied demographic within the singing population. 214 high school choir singers, ages 14 through 18, responded to a voice health questionnaire, which included questions about phonotraumatic behaviors and other lifestyle measures regarding voice care, perceived knowledge of the voice, and potential correlational factors such as past singing experience, having a friend or family member when is a professional voice user or possesses an in-depth knowledge of the voice, use of the Internet to sing better or improve understanding of the voice, and other factors. These data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regressions. Results showed poor voice hygiene. Phonotraumatic behaviors were frequent and the mean daily water intake was only 5.24 cups. However, 94.4% of the respondents warmed up their voices before rehearsals or performances. The mean total knowledge score, from 0 to 6, was only 2.09. In addition, feeling that one took care of his/her voice well, and use of Internet to sing better or advance knowledge of the voice, were correlated with improved knowledge or measures of voice health. Data suggest that improved instruction regarding voice health in the high school setting is necessary and that the Internet or social media may be valuable resources for reaching adolescent singers.

Food allergy knowledge, attitude and management among preschool personnel in Malaysia.

Children are vulnerable, and they may experience their first serious food allergy reaction at school, where they spend much of their time. The present study aims to determine the level of food allergy knowledge, attitude and management (KAM) among preschool personnel in Klang Valley, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 292 personnel working in Klang Valley preschools. The participants completed an online questionnaire asking about sociodemographic information and food allergy KAM. Mann-Whitney U and chi-squared tests were used to compare the KAM level between public and private preschool personnel and examine the association of KAM of food allergy with various sociodemographic factors, respectively. Some 86.3% of the participants demonstrated a low level of food allergy knowledge, 64.7% showed a negative food allergy attitude and 57.9% indicated fair food allergy management. The total mean score for food allergy knowledge was higher (p < 0.01) among the private preschool personnel compared to the public group, although there was no significant difference in attitude (p = 0.244) or practice (p = 0.171). Age group (p < 0.01) and monthly income (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with the level of attitude, whereas no sociodemographic factor was associated with knowledge and management of food allergy. Most preschool personnel in Klang Valley have a low level of food allergy knowledge, negative attitudes and a fair level of ability to manage food allergy reactions. The findings of the present study may guide future studies to improve the food allergy KAM of preschool personnel and provide a safer environment for children with food allergies.

Knowledge, attitude, and proficiency of healthcare providers in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a public primary healthcare setting in Qatar.

Early and effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) increases both survival rate and post-cardiac arrest quality of life. This study aims to assess the current knowledge and ability of physicians and nurses in health centers (HCs) operated by the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) in Doha, Qatar, to perform CPR. This study consists of two parts. The first part is a descriptive cross-sectional survey using an online form targeting physicians and nurses working in all HCs to assess their CPR knowledge and attitude. The second part is a direct observation of CPR drills to evaluate the skills and competencies of code blue team members in a convenient sample of 14 HCs. A multivariate model was employed to test the independent effect of explanatory variables on the total knowledge score. A total of 569 physicians and nurses responded to the survey. Only one-half (48.7%) formally received training on basic life support within the last year. Furthermore, 62.7% have tried to revive a dying person with no pulse. All the participants recognize the importance of knowing how to revive a dying adult or child as part of their job. The study showed that being a nurse was the most important predictor of a higher knowledge score in both components. Attending more resuscitation courses (3-6 courses in the last 3 years) ranked second in importance, and a longer experience in clinical practice (5-10 and >10 years) ranked third in predictive power. In addition, the direct observation of CPR drill performance revealed a satisfactory outcome. The level of CPR knowledge and skills practice among healthcare providers in PHCC is deemed satisfactory as most providers reported having performed CPR in the past. Considering that PHCC is the first step to people's healthcare in Qatar, clinical staff should be certified and assessed regularly to ensure retention of resuscitation knowledge and skills.

Effect of an educational intervention on knowledge of human papillomavirus infection among university students in Turkey: A quasi-experimental study

Aim: This study aimed to determine the knowledge level of university students outside the health field on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and evaluate the efficacy of educational interventions provided on HPV infection. Method and Material: This was a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design. This study was conducted on undergraduate students outside the health field at a public university in Izmir. HPV education was provided to the students in classes with a PowerPoint presentation, and the “Fall in Love, Not in HPV” brochure was distributed. Results: Of 873 students participating in the pretest, 48.7% and 42.5% heard of HPV infection and vaccine, respectively. While the response rates of the students participating in the pretest of the 16-question HPV knowledge survey ranged from 13.9% to 58.8%, a significant (51.4%–91.6%) increase was observed in the percentage of answers to the posttest HPV questions after the educational intervention (p &lt; 0.001). The total HPV knowledge score was 5.17±4.33in the pre-test, and the post-test was 13.37±2.66 (p&lt;0.001). The biggest barriers to those who did not want to be vaccinated were the cost of the vaccine and the lack of information about HPV infection. Conclusion: The educational intervention has greatly increased the knowledge of HPV infection among university students. Continuing education programs are needed to bridge the knowledge gap on HPV infection and HPV-related diseases among young adults.

Factors Related to Self-Care Knowledge of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thai Nguyen Province

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes millitus causes a heavy burden on individuals, their families and the community because it affects quality of life and requires long-term and comprehensive health care. Self-care knowledge is an important factor influencing patients' self-care behavior to reduce the impact and progression of the diabetes mellitus. Objectives: The study was conducted to find out some factors related to self-care knowledge of patients with type 2 diabetes in Thai Nguyen province tool such as the 30-item Diabetes Self-care Knowledge (DSCK-30). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study, using the toolkit to assess the 30-item Diabetes Self-care Knowledge (DSCK-30) of patients with diabetes mellitus, was conducted on 408 2TDM patients at Thai Nguyen National Hospital. Results: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had good self-care knowledge; the mean total score of knowledge was 21.20 ± 5.25 out of 30 scores. Self-care knowledge scores ranged from 7 to 30. The percentage of patients with self-care knowledge was still low, accounting for 53.9%. Educational qualification (t-test = -6,522; p = 0.000) and income (t-test = -2.32; p = 0.009) were related to self-care knowledge of patients with diabetes mellitus Conclusion: It is necessary to have a program of counseling and education on self-care knowledge for people with diabetes mellitus (drug compliance, diet, physical activity, blood glucose monitoring, prevention of complications and other essential self-care knowledge) for patients to raise awareness, thereby changing self-care behaviors to help patients control blood glucose level well, prevent complications and improve quality of life.

Clean hands, safe care: how knowledge, attitude, and practice impact hand hygiene among nurses in Najran, Saudi Arabia.

Healthcare-acquired infections are infections that patients acquire while receiving treatment for a medical or surgical condition and can occur in all care facilities. Hospital-acquired infections and the spread of antimicrobial resistance can be reduced by implementing proper preventive measures, including hand hygiene. This study aimed to assess nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward hand hygiene guidelines in Najran city, determine compliance levels, identify factors contributing to non-compliance, and provide recommendations for interventions to improve hand hygiene practices and reduce healthcare-associated infections risk. This cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses working in the selected government hospitals in Najran City, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the targeted nurses using an online survey. The questionnaire includes socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and marital status. The questionnaire had 25 items to measure knowledge, 10 to measure attitude, 6 to measure practices, and 4 to measure the impact of COVID-19 on hand hygiene practices. Among the 386 nurses recruited, 88.3% were females, and 25.6% were aged between 31 to 35 years old. Overall, good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice levels were found in 42.5, 48.4, and 94%, respectively. The common factor influencing hand hygiene practice was the prevention of cross-infection (88.1%). The total knowledge score mean was 18 ± 3.4 (highest possible score: 25). The total attitude score mean was 37.5 ± 6.1 (highest possible score: 50). The total practice score mean was 26.9 ± 2.8 (highest possible score: 30). A higher score indicates higher KAP of hand hygiene. Factors associated with increased KAP were being older in age (Z = 6.446; p < 0.001), gender female (Z = 9.869; p < 0.001), being a Filipino nurse (H = 117.8; p < 0.001), working in a surgery department (H = 28.37; p < 0.001), having more than 10 years of experience (Z = 6.903; p < 0.001), living in shared accommodation (H = 87.22; p < 0.001), having associated chronic disease (Z = 4.495; p < 0.001), and receiving formal training in hand hygiene (Z = 2.381; p = 0.017). There was a positive highly statistically significant correlation between knowledge score and attitude score (r = 0.556), between knowledge score and practices score (r = 0.303), and between attitude score and practices score (r = 0.481). In light of the results, we can say that the nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice in regards to hand hygiene were deemed acceptable. We noticed that female nurses who were older and had more experience, as well as those who had received formal hand hygiene training, displayed better KAP compared to their counterparts. Moreover, we found a significant and positive correlation between the scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice. Nonetheless, additional research is necessary to establish the extent of KAP concerning hand hygiene.

Awareness of gestational diabetes problem among Sohag Governorate women

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most frequent and prevalent medical condition in pregnancy. Well-controlled GDM results in reduction of these unfavorable outcomes.AimTo assess women’s knowledge of many elements of gestational diabetes mellitus, including general awareness of the condition, risk factors, diabetic patients’ diets, and consequences among the women in the governorate of Sohag.Patients and methodsIn this research, 500 women were chosen at random from a population, over a period of 6 months, to participate in a descriptive survey utilizing a questionnaire approach in Sohag Governorate.ResultsThe mean total knowledge score was 9.62 ± 4.24. A total of 69.6% of study participants showed good knowledge (≥ 9), while 30.4% of them showed low knowledge about gestational diabetes. There was significant positive relation between degree of knowledge and family history of diabetes (p = 0.038) as there was substantial increase of high knowledge score in cases who had positive history of family history of diabetes.ConclusionAwareness about gestational diabetes mellitus was satisfactory among women in Sohag Governorate. Other’s experiences or advices were the most common source of general knowledge. There was significant proportional relationship between degree of awareness and occupation, higher age, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, and level of education. Healthcare workers have to play a greater role in awareness about GDM among women.Trial registrationAwareness of gestational diabetes problem among Sohag Governorate women, NCT05148897. Registered 10 November 2021, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/LoginUser?ts=2&cx=-jg9qo3.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice toward Antibiotic use with Acute Respiratory Infection among Parents of Children under Five Years

Background: Parents are the main caregivers of children with acute respiratory infection (ARI). However, some of them are still unable to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections, which may ultimately lead to the misuse of antibiotics. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward antibiotic use to treat ARI among Jordanian and Syrian refugee parents who have children under five years; and to examine the relationship between KAP and parental socio-demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used, and a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample of 204 Jordanian and Syrian parents. Results: 60.8% of participants in this study were Jordanians and 39.2% were Syrians. The total score of knowledge toward antibiotic use was 2.85 (SD=1.43) out of 7, the score of attitudes was 46.13 (SD = 8.65) out of 70, while the score of practice was 17.5 (SD = 2.59) out of 25. Spearman’s correlation showed that father’s and mother’s education were positively correlated with attitude and/ or practice scores toward antibiotic use (p ≤ .05). T-test showed that Jordanian parents had a significantly higher practice score toward antibiotic use than Syrian parents (p ≤ .05). Conclusion: There is a need to improve the awareness of parents through health education and to improve health insurance policy. Health education should target parents with low socio-economic status in general, and Syrian refugee parents in particular.

Role, Knowledge, and Readiness of Medical Undergraduate Students and Factors Influencing their Willingness to Participate in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic placed a high demand for health-care professionals coupled with their decreased availability. In this study, we aimed to determine the medical students’ perception of their role and preparedness during the COVID-19 pandemic and their knowledge of the same. We also determined the factors influencing the knowledge scores and willingness of medical students to help during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2021. Medical students in any year of their M.B.B.S, enrolled in various medical colleges across India, who spoke English and were able to fill out the predesigned online questionnaire, were eligible for participation after an implied informed consent. Results: Seven hundred and sixty-four responses were obtained from undergraduate medical students (32.5% 1st preclinical, 17.8% 2nd para-clinical, 29.1% 3rd clinical, and 20.6% 4th clinical) with representations from 20 different states of India. Among the respondents, 57.2% wanted to contribute to the management of the pandemic, although only 50.8% felt mentally ready and a paltry 2.2% felt knowledge ready. While 69.8% of respondents were ready to help in ways not requiring direct patient contact, 35.5% were willing to engage in direct patient contact. The average total knowledge score was 12.67/20. Students in Government Institutes (P &lt; 0.00001), senior years (P &lt; 0.0001), who received online training (P &lt; 0.00006) and referred to reliable sources of information (P = 0.001) had better knowledge scores. Those in senior years (P &lt; 0.0001), better knowledge scores (P = 0.0026), lesser fear of infecting themselves (P = 0.0004), and better mental readiness (P &lt; 0.0001) were more willing to fight against the pandemic. Conclusions: Medical students may be deployed in tasks not involving direct patient contact amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Those who volunteer may be involved in supervised direct patient care. Students may be better equipped to fight the pandemic by online training and dissemination of knowledge through reliable sources with an emphasis on methods to protect self.

Diabetes Mellitus: Assessment of Knowledge about Disease Before and after Implementing an Education Program

Background: Provision of diabetes knowledge and awareness helps the diabetic patients take a better self-care, manage their disease well and identify symptoms of and prevent chronic complications. The purpose of this comparative study was to evaluate the knowledge that diabetic patients had about their disease before and after diabetes knowledge increasing sessions. Methods: We enrolled 166 patients of either gender and age 31-70 years- who attended diabetes OPD at a tertiary care hospital for having DM for 2 years or more. Only consent providing patients were enrolled. Using visual aid and published material education sessions were delivered. A 40 items (9 sub-sections) questionnaire was used to pre and post sessions knowledge. Results: The analysis of pre-session and post-session was tested using student’s t-test which revealed statistically very significant increase in all sub-sections of knowledge. The mean ± SD age was 51.09 ± 8.16 years. The patients’ knowledge regarding their disease increased significantly (p&lt;0.05); especially considering the general topics concerning concept of the disease, physiopathology and treatment, physical activity and nutrition. The increase in knowledge after imparting the education/ awareness sessions ranged from 36% (Eating sub-section) to 114% (Special situations sub-section) of overall knowledge. Total mean score of knowledge increased from pre-session score 15.80 ± 3.387 to post-session score 28.03 ± 5.817 (p value 0.00059). Conclusion: Young age, male and upper socioeconomic status patients had more increase in mean scores.

Assessment of pharmacy students' knowledge about breast cancer and colon cancer in Northern Cyprus universities.

Colon and breast cancer are the most common types of cancer in cancer patients worldwide. Therefore, health students, especially pharmacy students, should be well-educated about colon and breast cancer. Adequate education and knowledge provide significant benefits from early diagnosis to treatment. This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study for 3 months between 1 November 2022, and 31 January 2023, in Northern Cyprus. The aim of this study was to assess pharmacy students' knowledge of breast cancer and colon cancer in North Cyprus Universities. A total of 494 pharmacy students participated in this study. Twenty-three incompletely filled questionnaires were excluded from the study. Regarding Near East University and Cyprus International University pharmacy students' knowledge of colon cancer, 298 out of 494 had good knowledge and 196 out of 494 had poor knowledge. Regarding Near East University and Cyprus International University pharmacy students' knowledge of breast cancer, 317 out of 494 had good knowledge and 177 out of 494 had poor knowledge. The total score of knowledge of Near East University and Cyprus International University pharmacy students about breast cancer was 10 ± 3.43 and 11.40 ± 3.67, respectively. The total score of knowledge of Near East University and Cyprus International University pharmacy students about colon cancer was 7.54 ± 3.67 and 9.19 ± 4.08, respectively. The findings of the study indicate that most of the pharmacy students have good knowledge about the risk factors and symptoms of breast and colon cancer, but are not at the ideal knowledge level expected in the fight against cancer after graduation.

Implementing of Nursing Intervention on Knowledge, Perceived Stigma and Health related Outcomes among Patients with Hepatitis B Virus

Background: Despite significant advances in the therapy components for hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevention and treatment, HBV-related stigma is seen as a major barrier to HBV management. The HBV-related health stigma has a direct negative impact on the process of healthcare delivery and medical decision-making. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of implementing the nursing intervention on knowledge, perceived stigma and Health-related outcomes among patients with hepatitis B Virus. Subjects and method: A quasi-experimental (pre -posttest) study research design was used. Study setting: The present study was carried out at Menoufia University Hospital (in-patient medical department) and well as in the out-patient medical department after patients discharge and followed up. Sampling. A purposive sample of 50 adult patients who were diagnosed with HBV virus. Results: The total mean knowledge score was significantly improved post-intervention than pre-intervention among studied HBV patients. The mean of hepatitis B stigma level reduced post-intervention. There were statistically significant improvements among studied patients’ related to some of abdominal, activity, and systemic symptoms post-intervention. There was a significant improvement for serum total bilirubin and serum ALT among studied patients post-intervention. There was a reverse correlation between hepatitis B knowledge and hepatitis B stigma post-intervention. Conclusion: Implementing a nursing intervention significantly enhances patient knowledge, lowers perceived stigma level and improves health-related outcomes. Recommendation: Establish periodic public awareness campaigns emphasizing hepatitis B virus transmission methods to discover new cases and control infection.

Interest in Rhinoplasty and Awareness of Postoperative Complications Among Female High School Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background Rhinoplasty and revision rhinoplasty are facial cosmetic operations that have potentially profound psychological implications for an individual.In recent years, rhinoplasty has increased internationally because of body dysmorphic disorders but also social media influence. As with any surgery, rhinoplasty carries risks, and the aim of this study was to explore female high school students' interest in rhinoplasty and their awareness about its postoperative complications in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods We employed a cross-sectional design for the study, which included 413 female high school students aged 14 to 17 years. Participants signed a consent form, and data were collected through an online survey from September to November 2022. A validated questionnaire tested for reliability was used. The level of knowledge and interest in rhinoplasty was compared with the socio-demographic characteristics of the female students using the chi-squared test. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 413 female high school students responded to our survey, and 135 completed questionnaires were received. Nearly half (48.7%) of the students were happy about the current form of their nose. Among the students, 74.3% would not consider undergoing rhinoplasty, and the most common reason was satisfaction with their nose (69.4%). Those who did intend to undergo rhinoplasty (25.7%) were primarily interested in improving their appearance (74.5%). The total mean knowledge score was 6.01 (SD 3.27) out of 12 points, with 61.7% classified as having poor knowledge levels, and the rest (38.3%) were considered as having good awareness. Conclusions In our perception, the number of teenagers wanting rhinoplasty is increasing. Questions about their knowledge level, attitude, and perspective regarding the procedure should be important considerations for the surgeon.