Total Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach Research Articles

Digital Transformation of Incumbent Pipeline Firms through Platformization

ABSTRACT Advancements in digital technology necessitate a shift from traditional linear buyer-supplier value chains to a network-centric approach facilitated by digital platforms. Despite digital platforms being a dominant model for transformation, limited research has explored the enablers for incumbent pipeline firms to embrace platformization. To address this gap, this study reviews existing literature on digital transformation, identifying nine enablers for digital platformization: changing client behavior, information technology (IT) capabilities development, structural efficiencies, disruptive competitive forces, scope advantages, economic triggers, disruptive third-party technology, creation of autonomous corporate structures, and regulatory compliance. Case studies of platformization in diverse industries are analyzed using the modified total interpretive structural modeling (m-TISM) approach, resulting in a hierarchical model with five levels. This model delineates interrelationships among trigger events, external enablers, internal organizational enablers, process enablers, and outcome drivers. Furthermore, the study highlights that the creation and extraction of value from digital platforms are operationalized through e-business strategies, contributing insights to e-business literature by discussing the implications of these enablers on dimensions such as commerce, collaboration, communication, connection, and computing.

Are we really addressing the roadblocks to adoption of renewable and sustainable energy technologies? Total interpretive structural modeling approach.

Urban areas serve as a vital contribution to the global structural change towards renewable and sustainable energy technologies which also influence climate change. The aim of this paper is to identify the adoption roadblocks to renewable and sustainable urban energy technologies. This research has three parts: a mini-systematic literature study was conducted to identify the most prevalent roadblocks. Using total interpretive structural modeling (ISM), the relationships between the roadblocks and the source of causation were then examined. The roadblocks are classified based on their dependence and driving powers using MICMAC analysis in the third part of this research. The principal results and major conclusions demonstrate that all roadblocks are necessary for renewable and sustainable urban energy technologies. The roadblocks at level I are insufficient infrastructure, lack of coordination among authorities, lack of quality and reliable data and information, and competition with non-renewable technologies; roadblocks in level II are lack of skilled and trained personnel, limited public participation, awareness, and consumer interest, and lack of standardized technology; roadblock in level III is high initial investment cost; and lastly, roadblocks in level IV are lack of subsidies and financial support programs and absence of coherent related policies. Furthermore, as a result of theMICMAC analysis, none of the aforementioned roadblocks are classified as autonomous variables, implying that they are all required. The dependent roadblocks to renewable and sustainable energy technologies are defined as lack of coordination among authorities, lack of information, and competition with non-renewable technologies. Moreover, linkage roadblocks have high dependence and driving powers which are insufficient infrastructure, limited awareness and consumer interest, and lack of standardized technology. Lastly, high initial investment costs, lack of subsidies and financial support programs, absence of coherent related policies, and lack of skilled and trained personnel are the driving roadblocks with high driving power however not dependent.

An analysis of the inhibitors of resilience in the global value chains of multinational enterprises

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has showcased the lack of resilience found in the global value chains (GVCs) of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Existing evidence shows that MNEs have only recently and slowly started recovering and attempting to rebuild the resilience of their GVCs. This paper analyzes the challenges/inhibitors faced by MNEs in building their resilience through their GVCs.Design/methodology/approachA four-stage hybrid model was used to identify the interrelationship among the identified inhibitors and to distinguish the most critical ones by ranking them. In the first stage, we employed a modified total interpretive structural modeling (m-TISM) approach to determine the inter-relationship among the inhibitors. Additionally, we identified the inhibitors' driving power and dependency by performing a matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis. In the second stage, we employed the Pythagorean fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (PF-AHP) method to determine the weight of the criteria. The next stage followed, in which we used the Pythagorean fuzzy combined compromise solution (PF-CoCoSo) method to rank the inhibitors. Finally, we performed a sensitivity analysis to determine the robustness of the framework we had built based on the criteria and inhibitors.FindingsWe find business sustainability to have the highest importance and managerial governance as the most critical inhibitor hindering the path to resilience. Based on these insights, we derive four research propositions aimed at strengthening the resilience of such GVCs, followed by their implications for theory and practice.Originality/valueOur findings contribute to the extant literature by uncovering key inhibitors that act as barriers to MNEs. We link out our findings with a number of propositions that we derive, which may be considered for implementation by MNEs and could help them endow their GVCs with resilience.

Coopetition, strategy, and business performance in the era of digital transformation using a multi-method approach: Some research implications for strategy and operations management

In the context of digital transformation and its profound implications for business performance, the concept of 'coopetition'—the strategic integration of cooperation and competition—has garnered significant scholarly attention. However, a comprehensive understanding of the pivotal factors driving successful coopetition and their direct influence on business performance remains elusive. This empirical study seeks to bridge this knowledge gap by constructing a hierarchical framework employing a modified Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (M-TISM) approach, further substantiated through rigorous validation via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and empirical case analysis. Employing a mixed-methods research design, data is systematically gathered from competitor organizations actively immersed in digital transformation initiatives. The M-TISM framework meticulously captures the intricate interplay and relationships among critical factors, thereby facilitating an exhaustive examination of their combined impact on coopetition outcomes and overall performance within the dynamic landscape of digital transformation. The study employs robust statistical analysis through PLS-SEM, ensuring the methodological integrity of the framework. This developed hierarchical framework, grounded in modified Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (M-TISM) and fortified through PLS-SEM validation and empirical case analyses, significantly contributes to the theoretical underpinnings of coopetition. Noteworthy drivers such as organizational culture, knowledge sharing, trust, resource complementarity, and competitive intensity come to the forefront. Furthermore, the study's empirical insights, derived from case analyses, equip practitioners with actionable guidance for strategically harnessing coopetition in the context of digital transformation. Policymakers, armed with these informed perspectives on the impact of coopetition, are better positioned to craft supportive frameworks that promote optimized performance outcomes within the ever-evolving digital landscape.

Exploring the barriers to ESG adoption using modified TISM approach

PurposeThe study explores the barriers to ESG adoption and develops a hierarchical relationship between identified barriers to determine the driving and dependence power.Design/methodology/approachThrough literature and unstructured interviews nine barriers affecting the adoption of ESG reporting were identified and examined using the modified Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (m-TISM) approach. Further, MICMAC analysis is used to analyse the driver-dependence power amongst the barriers.FindingsIn this analysis, the variable lying at the lowest level of hierarchy are considered to be the critical factor and lack of clarity around regulatory and reporting standards is found to be very critical for ESG adoption. To address impediments to ESG adoption, the government should make ESG disclosure mandatory and clearly explain the rules, regulations and advantages associated with ESG implementation.Originality/valueThe current study is very few among examining the barriers to ESG adoption and steppingstone towards the mandatory implementation of ESG disclosures in current scenario.

Readiness of lean sustainability in healthcare organizations

PurposeThis paper aims to “identify,” “analyse” and “categorise” the readiness factors of lean sustainability in health-care organisation using total interpretive structural modelling (TISM).Design/methodology/approachTo obtain the data, a closed-ended questionnaire was used in addition to a scheduled interview. To identify how the factors interact, the TISM approach was used, and the matriced’ impacts croise’s multiplication applique’e a UN classement (MICMAC) analysis was used to rank and categorise the lean sustainability readiness factors.FindingsThis study identified ten lean sustainability readiness factors for health-care organisation. The identified factors are resources utilization practice (F1), management commitment and leadership (F2), operational flexibility (F3), workforce engagement and time commitment (F4), sustainability motivational factors (F5), awareness of lean and sustainable practice (F6), hospital design (F7), energy efficiency practices in hospitals (F8), responsible autonomy (F9) and new system adoptability training (F10). The key/driving factors are identified in this study are operational flexibility, sustainability motivational factors, management commitment and leadership, new system adoptability training.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focussed primarily on lean sustainability factors for the health-care sector.Practical implicationsThis research will aid key stakeholders and academics in the better understanding the readiness factors that influence lean sustainability in health-care organisation. This study emphasises the factors that must be considered when applying lean sustainable practices in health care as a real-world application in a health-care organisation. These readiness factors for lean sustainability can be used by an organization to comprehend more about the concept and the components that contribute to health-care lean sustainability.Originality/valueThis study proposes the TISM technique for health care, which is a novel attempt in the subject of lean sustainability in this sector.

Unravelling the enablers of Industry 4.0 in Indian automobile industry amid COVID-19: an integrated TISM and fuzzy MICMAC approach

PurposeThis study aims to identify the key enablers for the adoption of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) in the automobile industry of India, which has been severely impacted by COVID-19. Adopting I4.0 will provide organizations greater flexibility and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachBased on the literature review and experts’ opinions, 21 enablers were identified. Further, contextual relationships among the identified factors and a hierarchical digraph was developed by using the total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) technique. Finally, fuzzy cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis was conducted to classify the enablers into different categories based on their dependence and driving power.FindingsThe results indicate that top management support, clarity on government policy, strategic vision on I4.0 and development of new industrial policy are the most influential factors, with the highest driving power placed at the bottom of the TISM hierarchical model. Furthermore, agile workforce, smart HR practices and IT standardization and security are identified as linkage enablers with the most driving and dependency power.Practical implicationsThe hierarchical TISM model and fuzzy MICMAC approach provide a comprehensive understanding of the I4.0 implementation process through a visual, logical structure to the managers. It will help the researchers and practitioners understand the contextual relationship among various enablers in fostering the I4.0 adoption process and digital reorganization in the automobile industry during the COVID-19 pandemic.Originality/valueThis study provides a holistic TISM hierarchical framework on I4.0 adoption that will elevate the next maturity level of innovation adoption and may act as a blueprint for automobile industries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Readiness of financial resilience in start-ups

Financial resilience refers to a start-up's capacity to anticipate, plan for, respond to, and adapt to gradual change and abrupt unforeseen shocks to survive and thrive by enacting appropriate economic policies to decrease budget deficits. Economic history tells us that more companies fail to emerge from a downturn than go into or during it. Many studies have been done on financial resilience in many dimensions, but no one has studied start-ups’ organizational readiness for financial resilience. This gap inspires the current research, which uses the Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) approach to identify financial resilience factors and analyze hierarchical interrelationships start-ups’ organizational readiness factors for financial resilience. This article aims to identify, assess, and categorize start-up organizational preparation elements for financial resilience. The result shows that the first importance should be given to digital financial innovation, liquidity planning, going concern consideration, financial strategy of CFOs, and cyberthreats. Managers of start-ups can utilize the findings of this study to prepare for financial resilience professionally. In a fast-paced environment, start-ups may use financial resilience to gain a competitive edge.

Agility adaptability and alignment in start-ups

Purpose When coping with uncertainties, three characteristics distinguish firms: agility, adaptability and alignment (triple-A). Based on significant field research, the triple-A highlights the significance of coordinating agility, adaptability and alignment. Start-ups are facing a lot of challenges in this turbulent environment. However, this sector is undergoing a major transformation. Agility, adaptability and alignment concepts have had a major influence on the supply chain, but their implementation in start-ups has been less visible. This paper aims to identify, analyze and categorize the enablers for agility, adaptability and alignment in start-ups using the total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) approach. Design/methodology/approach In addition to the scheduled interview, a closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect data. To identify how the factors interact, the TISM technique is used, and the Matriced’Impacts Croises-Multipication Applique’ and Classment method is used to rank and categorize the agility, adaptability and alignment enablers. Findings This study identified ten agility, adaptability and alignment factors for start-ups. It has been found that the key importance should be given to management involvement, conflict management, collaboration and information integration. Research limitations/implications This study primarily focused on the agility, adaptability and alignment factors in start-ups. Practical implications This study will help academics and key stakeholders understand the aspects that lead to agility, adaptability and alignment in start-ups. Originality/value Agility, adaptability and alignment concepts have had a major influence on the supply chain, but their implementation in start-ups has been less visible. Therefore, this is a novel attempt in this industry’s agility, adaptability and alignment.

Modelling of consumer challenges and marketing strategies during crisis

PurposeMarketing is all about understanding your consumers and giving them what they want. However, this process becomes more complicated in times of economic crisis and national slowdown. Consumers can become scattered and unpredictable in their behaviour, making it hard to understand what they want or need. At times like these, it is more important than ever to rely on qualitative market research to understand the views of consumers and managers. Thus, this study aims to look at the significant consumer challenges that arise during times of crisis and the marketing strategies that managers prefer to counter the crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe data collected for this study involves an extensive literature review followed by personal interviews with industry experts. This study presents two separate models, indicating hierarchical relationships among consumer challenges during crisis and marketing strategies using the total interpretive structural modelling approach. Further MICMAC analysis (popularly known as cross-impact matrix multiplication) was also performed to assess each variable's driving and dependence power.Findings“Price sensitiveness” and “adaptive buying” result as driving factors with the highest driving and lowest dependence power, which further gives rise to other consumer behaviour challenges. Likewise, the most critical strategies are “information systems” and the formation of “crisis management teams” during a crisis. At the same time, other strategies have resulted as linkage and dependent factors and none as the autonomous factor.Originality/valueThis paper provides a systematic understanding of how a manager can understand the challenges consumers face during a crisis and suggests a powerful summary of strategies companies can implement to sail through a crisis.

Agile readiness for sustainable operations in start-ups

PurposeThis study aims to identify the factors influencing agile readiness in start-ups. Start-ups are being confronted with increased competition, customer demands, technological innovations and changes in the market environment. Adopting agile readiness for sustainable operations is a profitable and dependable way to improve the competition and reduce the number of failures of start-ups. The start-ups may investigate “how” after understanding the “whys.” The answers to these questions will be crucial to develop a strategy and a plan for luring clients, users, investors and partners. Therefore, this study will help in answering these crucial questions by using Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM), whose main aim is to answer the key question of “what,” “how” and “why.” Using the “Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM)” technique, this research tries to “describe,” “analyze” and “categorize” the agile readiness for sustainable operations enablers in start-ups.Design/methodology/approachExpert feedback and literature reviews from various start-ups led to the discovery of 10 enablers. In this study, the TISM technique was used to examine the inter-relationships between the enablers. The agile readiness for sustainable operations enablers was ranked and classified using the “Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC)” technique. They were divided into four different categories: “autonomous,” “independent,” “linkage” and “dependent enablers.”FindingsThe results show that executive-level aid is the key agile readiness factor for sustainable operations. The next priority has been capability, experienced and skilled employees, market knowledge and environment agility. Leadership and clear vision have been given further priority. The next important is flexibility. The last and the least priority is given to receptive and strategic agility. This directional flow assists management in attaining adaptable sustainability, leading to continued growth in this dynamic environment.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focuses primarily on the agile readiness for sustainable operations of start-ups. This study offers a recommended list of crucial elements for start-ups, which may aid in creating guidelines for implementing agility for sustainable operations. This study provides academics with a TISM model that illustrates how start-ups can be ready to implement agility for sustainable operations. Future researchers could add more agility readiness variables to this study and validate this model across different start-ups.Practical implicationsBefore implementing agile readiness for sustainable operations in start-ups, this study will aid managers and practitioners in the start-up business in understanding the relationships of enablers and identifying important readiness enablers.Originality/valueThe current study analyzes the agile readiness for sustainable operations in Start-ups. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first endeavor to use the “TISM approach” to examine the interrelationships across agile readiness for sustainable operations characteristics in start-ups.

Analysing the Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Bootstrapping and Bricolage: A Modified Total Interpretive Structural Modelling and MICMAC Approach

This article seeks to systematically identify and model antecedents of entrepreneurial bootstrapping and bricolage to determine and interpret the relationships and hierarchy between them. Entrepreneurial bootstrapping and bricolage are key dynamic capabilities that help entrepreneurs access, accumulate and enhance resources to adapt to scarce business environments. The article employs a modified total interpretive structural modelling analysis to determine hierarchical inter-relationships between the antecedents and a Matrice d’ Impacts Croises Multiplication Applique An Classment analysis to understand their driving and dependence powers. The results highlight that founder characteristics and human capital are placed at the lower levels, making them critical driving elements of the model along with environmental hostility and resource constraints. Entrepreneurial orientation, slack, external financial capital and entrepreneurial frugality are dependent variables, with social capital as a linkage variable. This study will guide entrepreneurs trying to implement resourcefulness behaviours to respond to the coronavirus disease-2019 crisis by prioritising driving antecedents to impact the dependent factors further.

What influences wellness customers to engage in electronic word of mouth? A total interpretive structural modelling approach

ABSTRACT The present study aims to focus on the factors influencing the wellness customer to involve in electronic word of mouth and evaluate and measure the relationship between them. For this, the study followed three research phases: identification of factors through a review of literature, using expert opinion for selecting essential and relevant factors for the study, and applying a total interpretive structural modelling approach to reflect the appropriate association between different factors. A total of eleven factors, including the four that surfaced during the discussion with the experts, were service experience, gratitude, moral obligation, and trust. The other seven were altruism, hedonic value, self-enhancement, social affiliation, venting emotions, advice seeking, and economic incentive. These eleven factors were partitioned into four levels through the iteration process. The factors were categorised under independent, dependent, and linkage using MICMAC analysis. The results highlight a strong influence of economic incentives on wellness customers to engage in electronic word of mouth. The suggested model provides valuable insights to marketing practitioners and researchers that may assist them in designing campaigns around these factors in order to maximise the engagement of wellness customers through electronic word of mouth.

Green organizational culture in manufacturing SMEs: an analysis of causal relationships

PurposeThe concern for environmental sustainability has created the need for businesses to embrace new environmentally responsible behavior, values and beliefs. Developing green culture has the capability of influencing employee attitudes and behavior and instilling certain values that shape an internal culture. The purpose of this study is to understand the causal relationship between the factors that influence green organization culture (GOC) in manufacturing small and medium manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) since they are considered significant contributors to environmental pollution. The study also aims to execute the driving and dependency power analysis to find the most and least significant factors of GOC.Design/methodology/approachThe study identified eight factors through an extensive literature review and validated them with the specialists. The total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) approach was employed for discovering the interaction among the identified factors and developing their structural hierarchy. Further matriced impact croises multiplication applique (MICMAC) analysis was carried out to determine the driving-dependence power of each factor.FindingsThe study discovered that the factors namely “Top management commitment and support towards green practices and workforce greening F(2)”, “Internal regulatory forces towards the environmental system (F3)” and “Organization's mission including environmental concern (F6)” were observed to be the most significant ones. “Environment that creates green work-life balance F(8)” and “Environment that promotes green attitude and behavior F(4)” were identified to be extremely dependent on the remaining factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed outline has been established in the context of India and is restricted to manufacturing SMEs. The methodology presented in the study relies solely on experts' opinions which are qualitative in nature. Integration with a different method can be used to do statistical validation and add new variables to the problem, thereby reducing restrictions. The findings may facilitate manufacturing SME owners/managers and HR managers to recognize the most and least important factors of GOC and their causal relationships. This will increase awareness of GOC practices among managers thus contributing to environmental performance.Practical implicationsIt is essential for manufacturing small and medium enterprises to enhance their GOC for reducing its negative impact on the environment and further for gaining competitive advantage. Also, this research will offer insights into environmental management and enlarge awareness in the subsequent fields: of academics, practitioners and decision-makers who are engaged in managing environmental issues at various stages.Originality/valueThe researchers believe that the study is highly significant for manufacturing SMEs as they contribute to the economy as well as environmental degradation. Also, none of the research focused on understanding the causal relationships between the factors of GOC using the TISM approach in the Indian manufacturing SMEs context. This research adds an important contribution to the current GOC literature.

Factors influencing agility on start-ups: a TISM approach

Innovation and technology are driving forces in today's corporate world. Start-ups have ushered in a new era of disruptive innovation. They've paved the door for more innovation and better inventiveness. Despite giving funding and technology, a huge proportion of start-ups have failed. The inability to deliver agility is one of the most common reasons for a start-up's failure. The goal of this paper is to recognise the elements that influence the agility of start-ups and to investigate their interrelationship. The study used "total interpretive structural modelling (TISM)" to perceive the interconnections and transitivity of the elements and to examine their interrelationships. The TISM methodology is used to investigate the interdependence of the suggested elements that influence the agility of start-ups. The TISM approach has aided in the growth of a hierarchical structure of the recognised elements, which depicts the dependent factors and driving factors. The methodology is also used to rank the factors based on its impact on start-up agility. The results of the study recommend anticipation, collaboration and training are important driving elements in accomplishing agility in start-ups. The findings of this research will help start-ups investigate the elements that motivate them to achieve agility in their start-ups. This will make it easier for start-ups to plan their processes in order to achieve agility.

Modeling the Hindrances to Building Information Modeling Adoption on Construction Projects in Nigeria

This study was motivated by the need to deploy building information modeling (BIM) and its technologies to improve the realization of construction projects. Prior to the introduction of BIM, the construction industry was confronted with obstacles and was sluggish in adopting change. Until recently, existing BIM research has mostly focused on large enterprises, and there has been an apparent pattern of underrepresentation of medium-sized firms in BIM-related studies. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the major hindrances to BIM’s adoption in construction projects as well as the dynamics of these hindrances in a developing country like Nigeria, using the total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) approach. The TISM displayed an eleven-level hierarchy of hindrances made up of independent, dependent, and linkage categories. Based on the MICMAC analysis, "lack of skilled BIM personnel" had the highest driving and the lowest dependence (independent) power, thus indicating its importance in the adoption of BIM. The findings further showed that "lack of awareness of BIM" and "resistance to change" are critical for the adoption of BIM in construction projects. The drivers (dependents) for the ease of adoption of BIM by policymakers and practitioners within the built industry are thus defined in this study. This study contributes to the early studies of BIM adoption from a developing country’s perspective.

Analyzing the Enablers of Customer Engagement in Healthcare Using TISM and Fuzzy MICMAC

The spike in internet users led healthcare companies to confer their agile presence on various digital platforms and engage customers online to increase their viability amid the rising competition. Online customer engagement takes place through branded content, i.e., the content provided by the brand or the company. Healthcare companies can leverage customer engagement by focusing on various crucial enablers. Therefore, this study explores the enablers of customer engagement for branded content in healthcare and devises a model depicting interrelationships among them. The enablers were ascertained using the literature review and validated by experts. Further, the interrelationship among the enablers was analyzed using TISM (Total Interpretive Structural Modeling) approach, and Fuzzy MICMAC (Cross-impact matrix multiplication) classified the enablers into different clusters. Results exhibited that informativeness is the most significant enabler, deriving other enablers. In contrast, shareability and co-creation of content are the most dependent and strategic enablers in the model hierarchy. The outcomes of this research will aid healthcare companies in knowing and prioritizing the enabler’s contribution in engaging customers towards branded content.

Understanding barriers to inbound medical tourism in the United Arab Emirates from a provider's perspective

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to identify the important barriers to the development of medical tourism in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Further, it aims to establish a relationship among these barriers and propose a framework to overcome them.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a narrative review of the literature to identify barriers to medical tourism development (MDT) in the UAE. Using a graph theory-based Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) approach to explaining the hierarchy of the identified barriers and interpret the relationship links. The study further uses Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis to validate the finding of the study and derive conclusions.FindingsThe study identifies barriers related to MDT as (1) Policies and Regulations (2) Government support (3) Healthcare costs (4) Healthcare Capacity (5) Healthcare Quality (6) Medical Insurance (7) Facilitator and Marketing (8) International Relations (9) Ease of Travel, and (10) Religion, Culture, and Language. The study concludes that Healthcare Cost, Healthcare Quality, and the inapplicability of international medical insurance are the most important barriers. More than fifty percent of barriers fall under the linkage quadrant in MICMAC analysis which reflects that overcoming one barrier helps in overcoming other barriers as well.Originality/valueThis study is one of the most comprehensive accounts of the barriers to MDT in the UAE and strategies to overcome these barriers. To the best of our knowledge, we were not able to find a similar study.

The contribution of organizational learning and green human resource management practices to the circular economy: a relational analysis – evidence from manufacturing SMEs (part II)

PurposeCircular economy has emerged as one of the most important approaches to addressing environmental challenges. Organizations have begun to act on their abilities to enhance their sustainability management to enable a circular economy. The role of organizational learning and green human resource management in the transition to a more circular economy remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the inter-relationship between the factors of organizational learning and green human resource management, and it aims to rank the identified factors of manufacturing small and medium businesses (SMEs) based on their driving and dependency power and to detect the most substantial factors.Design/methodology/approachThis study identified 11 organizational learning and green human resource management (GHRM) factors after conducting a thorough literature analysis and consulting with experts. To investigate the interaction of the indicated factors and to build their structural hierarchy, this study used the total interpretive structural modeling method. Further, Matriced Impact Croises Multiplication Applique (MICMAC) analysis was used to establish each factor’s driving and dependent power.FindingsThis study discovered that factors “Green separation” and “Organizational learning culture” were found to be significant; “Green performance management” and “Green health and safety management” were observed to be extremely reliant on the remaining GHRM factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe recommended framework has been established in the Indian background and is restricted to manufacturing SMEs. Still, the same framework can be applied to other sectors by slightly modifying it. Also, the analysis is based on the experts’ view and this may be biased. The findings of this study will help human resources managers and SME owner-managers clarify the most and least significant factors of organizational learning and GHRM and their relationships, leading to increased awareness of organizational learning and GHRM practices for enlightened environmental performance.Practical implicationsThe proposed framework might facilitate decision-makers and practitioners to comprehend the relations between organizational learning and GHRM factors. This will support SME owner-managers in understanding the influence of one factor on another factor in manufacturing SMEs.Originality/valueUntil now, the protruding interest of researchers has been focused mostly on large manufacturing enterprises. However, manufacturing SMEs, which are much smaller when compared to large manufacturing companies, significantly contribute to the economy as well as environmental pollution. Thus, this study provides a vital contribution to the current literature by determining the suitable relationship between the organizational learning and GHRM components, as no previous studies focused on exploring the same using the total interpretive structural modeling approach in the Indian manufacturing SMEs environment.

Managing the dark side of digitalization in the future of work: A fuzzy TISM approach

The rise of new-age technologies has spurred a new industrial revolution, resulting in a digital transformation in the way we work. The global COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated the digitalization of work. While digitalization has many positive outcomes, its darker side should be proactively managed, not neglected. In this regard, this paper aims to identify and investigate human resource (HR) practices that can enable employees to manage the challenges caused by digitalization in the future of work (FoW). To do so, we employ fuzzy total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) on survey data acquired from senior professionals with HR responsibilities to ascertain the influence of HR practices in managing the dark side of digitalization in FoW. In doing so, we showcase the influence of (i) practices that promote work-life balance, (ii) democratization of work and work technologies, (iii) practices that promote employee empowerment, (iv) practices that promote entrepreneurial behavior, (v) reskilling for mastery, and (vi) practices that promote employee wellbeing in managing the dark side of digitalization in FoW, thereby advancing theory and practice of FoW.