Total Dry Matter Weight Research Articles

Productivity and quality parameters of Allium fistulosum L.

ABSTRACT The growing demand for non-traditional plant products encourages research into new plant species and cultivars. Allium fistulosum is the earliest leafy plant cultivated in the open field in Lithuania. Therefore, it is important to study plant cultivars and determine the harvesting time to obtain quality products. The study was conducted in the experimental vegetable field of the Institute of Horticulture of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2022–2023. The phenological stages of two different cultivars, morphological characteristics, productivity, and the plant's winter hardiness were observed. Measurements were performed and harvest was done three times: in spring, summer, and autumn. The results showed that genetic origin and harvesting time influenced differences in the morphometric parameters, productivity, and ascorbic acid accumulation of A. fistulosum cultivars. Cultivar ‘Bajkal’ is distinguished with longer and wider foliage, the highest productivity rate, and better adaptivity. This cultivar's most intensive plant growth was determined in autumn, but the highest weight of the plant reaching 0.5 kg was determined in spring. Cultivar ‘Marozka’ is distinguished by the higher ability of ascorbic acid accumulation compared with the cultivar ‘Bajkal’. The content of ascorbic acids reached 34.9 mg g−1 of cultivar ‘Marozka’ during the spring harvesting and up to 8,8 mg g−1 of ‘Bajkal’, respectively. The total sugar amount and weight of dry matter were more intensive in spring for both cultivars. In the cultivars ‘Marozka’ and ‘Bajkal’ leaves were found a higher amount of nitrates at 45.7 and 50.9 mg kg −1 in autumn.

Enhancing biomass and seed production in Kalmegh [Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall ex. Nees] through optimal plant spacing and nutrients under the Western Himalayan region of India

The field experiment was conducted during the winter (kharif) seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre Purara, Bageshwar, Uttarakhand. The study's objective was to investigate the most effective combinations of plant spacing configurations and NPK levels to enhance biomass and seed yield of kalmegh [Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall ex. Nees] under the Western Himalayan region of Uttarakhand. The experiment consisted of nine treatments, comprising three different plant spacing (60x30 cm, 60 x45 cm, 60x60 cm) and three NPK levels (40:30:20, 80:60:30, 120:90:40), arranged in factorial randomised block design. The results indicated that treatment T3 (120:90:40 NPK) and spacing S3 (60x60 cm) consistently demonstrated superior performance, resulting in the highest plant height, number of branches, LAI, total dry matter weight, dry seed weight, and leaf stem ratio. Treatment T2 (80:60:30 NPK) and spacing S2 (60x 45 cm) displayed intermediate results, while treatment T1 (40:30:20 NPK) and spacing S1 (60 x 30 cm) exhibited relatively lower values for most parameters.

Impact of Weed and Seeding Rates on Crop Growth Rate of Five Barley Cultivars

A randomized complete block design with split-split plot arrangement was used to evaluate the effects of weeds and seeding rates on barley cultivar growth rate and yield in the College of Engineering Agricultural Sciences - University of Baghdad - Jadriyah fields in winter 2021–2022. The main plots had two treatments, weedy and weed-free, and the subplots had 120, 140, and There were significant differences in dry matter weight, crop growth rate, and yield between cultivars. The cultivar Amal had the highest grain yield per unit area (6.98 tons ha-1), dry matter weight at full flowering and physiological maturity (46.80 and 57.60 g), and crop growth rate from planting to 60 days (8.20 g m-2 day-1). Samir also had the highest dry matter weight after 60 and 90 days (37.60 and 61.68 g) and crop growth rate from 90 days to full flowering (7.96 g m-2 day-1). The cultivar IPA 256 had the highest crop growth rate from 60 to 90 days, full flowering to physiological maturity, and planting to physiological maturity (8.61, 34.14, 6.23, and 7.96 g m-2 day-1). The seeding rate of 160 kg ha-1 outperformed the other rates in dry matter weight after 60 and 90 days, at full flowering and physiological maturity (40.04, 62.50, 66.89, and 148.51 g, respectively), crop growth rate from planting to 60 days, 90 days, full flowering, physiological maturity, The weed-free treatment outperformed the other treatments in dry matter weight and crop growth rate from full flowering to physiological maturity and from planting to physiological maturity in all barley growth and yield traits. Since the crop growth rate was highest between planting and full flowering, we can infer that the weedy treatments prioritized vegetative growth over reproductive growth. In the weed-free treatment, however, the trend was toward more robust reproduction. In addition, the biological yield (total dry matter weight) increased as seeding rates were raised, and this translated into a higher grain yield. According to a study that compared crop growth rates from planting to 60 days after planting, Amal was the most effective cultivar at outcompeting weeds in the early stages of crop development, leading to the highest yield.

PHENOTYPIC PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND GROWTH TRAITS FOR SELECTION OF SUITABLE MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata L.) VARIETIES IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF BANGLADESH

An experiment was conducted at the research farm of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Dumki, Patuakhali, during the period from January to April 2015 to evaluate the growth, development, and yield performance of seven mungbean varieties for obtaining the most productive variety suitable for Patuakhali region. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Among the varieties, BARI mung 4 showed better performance in respect of growth, development, and yield contributing characteristics compared to other varieties. The results showed better performance on growth characters namely, the number of leaves per plant (15.62), branches per plant (5.427), leaf area per plant (1079 cm2), and total dry matter weight per plant (9.64 g) were recorded in BARI mung 4. The highest seed yield recorded in BARI mung 4(1.69t ha-1) might be due to superior growth characteristics thereby seed yield. Besides, BARI mung 4 produced a pod number of 24.22 and the maximum number of seeds per pod (6.42). In contrast, the lowest seed yield was recorded in the local variety (0.81 t ha-1) for its inferior growth and yield contributing characters. Therefore, BARI mung 4 may be cultivated commercially in the southern region of Bangladesh.

DRY MATTER ALLOCATION AND GRAIN YIELD OF WHEAT AS INFLUENCED BY SOLAR RADIATION LEVEL AND PLANT DENSITY

An experiment was conducted from November 2018 to March 2019 to identify the effect of radiation levels and plant population on dry matter allocation and yield of wheat with the variety ‘BARI Gom 25’. The study was set out in the Randomized Complete Block Design with four radiation levels (full sunlight, 75% light, 55% light and 25% light) and three plant densities (160 plants m-2, 200 plants m-2, 230 plants m-2) that replicated thrice. Full sunlight or 75% light in combination with optimal plant density (200 plants m-2) resulted maximum culm dry weight, leaf dry weight, spike dry weight and total dry matter weight plant-1. The numbers of filled grain and unfilled grain plant-1 and yields of grain and straw m-2 were the highest from the above-mentioned combination. The lowest dry weights for culm, leaf, spike, and total dry matter and minimum grain yield and straw yield were obtained from 25% light either alone or in combination with any plant densities indicating the profound influence of light on dry matter production and grain yield of wheat. Therefore, reduced light (up to 25%) and optimal plant density can ensure wheat production without significant yield loss. This finding suggests possibility of wheat cultivation in agroforestry system and light limiting areas in Bangladesh and other parts of the world.

Preliminary comparison of WEMA maize (Zea mays) variety and maize hybrid under different irrigation frequencies and soil types

Water scarcity and soil fertility have been long recognized as the most crucial factors limiting maize production. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was conducted during 2021 planting season at North-West university Research Farm to investigate the comparison of Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA) maize and hybrid maize varieties under different irrigation frequencies and soil types. The experiment was a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment fitted in a randomized complete block design in four replicates. The treatment factors consist of irrigation frequency (1, 2 and 3 times in a week), soil types (Sandy and Sandy loam) and maize variety (WEMA and PANNAR varieties). Results indicated that the tallest plant height (41.99 and 56.38 cm) was recorded with three times irrigation frequency at 46 and 53 DAP. The maize variety sown in the sandy loamy had a higher number of leaves (6.50 and 7.75) at 46 and 53 DAP, respectively. The WEMA variety had higher chlorophyll content (13.73 SPAD) at 46 DAP. The PANNAR maize variety had higher chlorophyll content (16.65 SPAD) at 53 DAP. Highest shoot dry weight (4.30 g) was obtained in sandy loam soil type. WEMA variety had highest total dry matter weight (20.90 g). The result indicated that sandy loam, maize variety and irrigation frequency three times enhanced the growth of WEMA variety and PANNAR hybrid. WEMA maize produced the highest dry matter compared to PANNAR. This showed that WEMA variety could tolerate water deficit compared to the PANNAR hybrid.

Preliminary comparison of WEMA maize (Zea mays) variety and maize hybrid under different irrigation frequencies and soil types

Water scarcity and soil fertility have been long recognized as the most crucial factors limiting maize production. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was conducted during 2021 planting season at North-West university Research Farm to investigate the comparison of Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA) maize and hybrid maize varieties under different irrigation frequencies and soil types. The experiment was a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment fitted in a randomized complete block design in four replicates. The treatment factors consist of irrigation frequency (1, 2 and 3 times in a week), soil types (Sandy and Sandy loam) and maize variety (WEMA and PANNAR varieties). Results indicated that the tallest plant height (41.99 and 56.38 cm) was recorded with three times irrigation frequency at 46 and 53 DAP. The maize variety sown in the sandy loamy had a higher number of leaves (6.50 and 7.75) at 46 and 53 DAP, respectively. The WEMA variety had higher chlorophyll content (13.73 SPAD) at 46 DAP. The PANNAR maize variety had higher chlorophyll content (16.65 SPAD) at 53 DAP. Highest shoot dry weight (4.30 g) was obtained in sandy loam soil type. WEMA variety had highest total dry matter weight (20.90 g). The result indicated that sandy loam, maize variety and irrigation frequency three times enhanced the growth of WEMA variety and PANNAR hybrid. WEMA maize produced the highest dry matter compared to PANNAR. This showed that WEMA variety could tolerate water deficit compared to the PANNAR hybrid.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Soil Moisture Levels on the Performance of Drought-Tolerant Maize on Ferric Luvisol and Rhodic Ferralsol Soils

Globally, water and nitrogen have been known as the most important resources that significantly impact crop productivity. This study assessed the response of Water Efficient Maize for Africa, WEMA3127 variety to different soil moisture levels, and nitrogen fertilizer rates on Ferric Luvisol and Rhodic Ferralsol soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different N fertilizer and soil moisture levels on the growth, yields and water-use efficiency of the water-efficient maize for Africa (WEMA) variety on two distinct soils. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized design with three replicates and used a factorial design with a 5 x 2 x 2 design. Treatments comprised five N fertilizer rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg N/ha), two soil moisture levels (45 and 100% field capacity), and two soil types (Ferric Luvisol and Rhodic Ferralsol). Plant height, chlorophyll content and total dry matter weight as growth attributes, grain yield, total biological yield and water-use efficiency parameters were determined. The tallest plant height (283.33 cm) was recorded in Ferric Luvisol supplied with 240 kg N/ha at 100% field capacity. The highest grain yield (136.8 g /pot) and water-use efficiency (1.94%) were obtained in Rhodic Ferralsol treated with 180 kg N/ha at 100% and 45% field capacity (FC), respectively. A linear relationship was obtained between N fertilizer rates and the grain yield (R2 = 0.91) and between total dry matter and grain yield (R2 = 0.51). The results showed that the growth and water-use efficiency of WE3127 maize variety was better on Rhodic Ferralsol than in Ferric Luvisol.

Impact of Different Nitrogen Amount and Seeding Rates on Growth and Yield of NERICA 4 Rice Varieties in Upland Conditions

With the recent breakthrough in the development of the New Rice for Africa (NERICA) for the upland production system and the high demand for rice, farmers’ interest in growing upland rice has increased. A field experiment was conducted at Tsukuba International center, Japan from May to October 2019 to evaluate the response of rice to seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer application and also determine economically optimum seed rate and nitrogen level for NERICA-4 upland variety. The experiment contained factorial combination of four levels of nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha -1 and two seed rates (60& 80 Kg ha -1 ). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design plot arrangement with three replications. The results from this study indicated that seed rate showed no significant effect on total dry matter weight, plant length, SPAD value, Leaf area index, panicle number, spikelet number, ripening ratio and grain yield while the total number of tillers was significant. However, nitrogen fertilizer rates significantly (p < 0.05) affected in plant length, tiller number, SPAD value, dry matter and Leaf area index. Except 1000grain, all the yield and yield component parameters have also shown a significant increase up to the rate of 90 kg N ha−1. The highest grain yield (3340 kg∙ha−1) was recorded using 90 kg N ha −1 followed by 60 kg N ha −1 (3200 kg ha −1) and the lowest yield (2100 kg ha −1 ) was recorded from control . Marginal rate of return analysis is also showed that the treatment with N fertilizer rate of 90 kg N ha −1 and seed rate 60 kg ha −1 gave the highest Marginal rate of return 1217 % followed by the treatment with N fertilizer rate of 60 kg N ha−1 and seed rate 60 kg ha−1.The general trend of the data indicated that the fertilizer rate has a greatest impact on grain yield compared to the seed rate of rice crop. Based on this study using 60 kg/ha seed rate and application of 90 kg N ha −1 gives high grain yield for rice crop production at experimental site. Keywords: Economic profit, Seed rate, N fertilizer rate, Optimum grain yield, Marginal rate of return DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-9-04 Publication date: May 31 st 2022

Poor development of spike differentiation triggered by lower photosynthesis and carbon partitioning reduces summer maize yield after waterlogging

Stable yield of staple grains must be ensured to satisfy food demands for daily dietary energy requirements against the backdrop of global climate change. Summer maize, a staple crop, suffers severe yield losses due to extreme rainfall events, threatening food security. A randomized block experiment with four treatments: control, no water stress (CK); waterlogging for 6 days at the third leaf, sixth leaf stage, and 10th day after tasseling, was conducted to investigate the mechanism of waterlogging-induced yield losses of summer maize. Waterlogging delayed plant growth and impaired tassel and ear differentiation, leading to high grain yield losses of Denghai 605 (DH605). Waterlogging at third leaf (V3) stage reduced the photosynthesis of DH605, reducing total dry matter weight. Waterlogging at V3 stage reduced sucrose-cleaving enzymes activities in spike nodes and ears, reducing the carbon partitioned to ears (–53.1%), shanks (–46.5%), and ear nodes (–71.5%) but increasing the carbon partitioned to ear leaves (9.6%) and tassels (43.9%) in comparison with CK. The reductions in total carbon assimilate together with the reduced carbon partitioning to ears resulted in poor development of spikes (with respectively 15.2% and 20.6% reductions in total florets and fertilized florets) and lengthened the anthesis–silking interval by around 1 day, leading to high yield losses.

Impact of integrated weed management practices on weed and morphological parameters of black gram (Phaseolus mungo)

A field investigation was carried out during Kharif season in 2010 at Agronomy Department Farm, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, to evaluate the effect of four herbicides (imazethapyr , pendimethalin, fenoxyprop-p-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl) applied at different rates with different time of application (pre-emergence, post emergence and combination of both) and cultural practices i.e. hand weeding and hoeing on morphological and weed contributing parameters in black gram (Phaseolus mungo). Among all the weed control methods, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha showed superiority over weedy check and rest all other methods, which were under study and significantly increased plant height (44.37), number of functional leaves plant-1 (12.37), leaf area plant-1 (886.7), total dry matter weight plant-1 (18.77), leaf area index (2.96), number of root nodules plant-1 (27 at 45 DAS) (other at 60 DAS), when compared with weedy check.

Some genetic parameter for maize under different planting dates and environments

"To evaluate the performance of introduced varieties of maize under different sowing dates and locations, in addition to local variety, a field experiment was carried out in two locations;. The study compared five varieties of maize introduced from America, with a local synthetic variety (Ibba 5018) and tested it in two locations at three sowing dates (1, 15 July and 1 August). The Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD was used with four replications, with spilt plot arrangements, the main plots included three sowing dates, the secondary plots included, the varieties. The traits of the days number to tassling and days to silking, plant height, ear height, number of leaves, leaves area, leaf area index, number of ears plant-1 , ear length, the number of rows ear-1, number of grains row-1 , number of grains of the plant, weight of 100 grains, total dry matter weight, the number of days to Physiological maturity, crop growth rate, individual plant yield and yield (tons h-1 ) were studied. The results showed that the values of the standard error (SE) in the two trial locations were low for the studied traits and within the acceptable limit except leaf area which was high in the first and second dates for the Baghdad location and for the three dates of the Diyala incident, as well as the values of the coefficient of variation (CV) were also low and within statistically acceptable limits and for all the traits studied in the three dates and for the two locations. Genetic variations were higher than the = environmental variation for most of the studied traits and the phenotypic coefficient of variation is close to the coefficient of genetic variation for the two locations and the three sowing dates, and this indicates that the traits are genetically governed. The value of heritability in a broad sense was higher than 90% at Baghdad location for first of July for the traits leaves area and its index, weight of the dry matter, number of days to physiological maturity (96.6, 97.4, 93.4 and 94.4%, respectively) and for 15 July for the traits. Leaf area and its index, and number of days to physiological maturity (94.7, 94.7 and 93.4%), and for I Aug for 9 traits; number of days silking, the leaf area and leaf area index, number of ears dry matter, days to maturity, rate of crop growth and yield the plant and unit area ((95.7, 99.4, 99.4, 94, 98.4, 95.5, 98.6, 93.4, 93.5%) Sequentially. As for Diyala, the traits of leaf area, leaf area index, number of days to physiological maturity, yield of plants, and area unit in the three dates were superior to the highest heritability (92.3, 92.3, 98.7, 73.6, 73.6%), (90.2, 90.2, 98.8, 82.9, 82 .9%), (90.9, 90.9, 86.4, 80.7, 80.7% respectively)."

Evaluating the performance of introduced varieties of maize under different planting dates and environments (some genetic parameters (LAI, TDM, DTM, CGR )

"To evaluate the performance of introduced varieties of maize under different sowing dates and locations, in addition to local variety, a field experiment was carried out in two locations; the first fields was at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences Baghdad University Al-Jadriya and the second location was at Diyala Governorate Muqdadiya District, fields of the Diyala Governorate Agriculture Directorate, for the fall season 2019. The study compared five varieties of maize introduced from America with a local synthetic variety (Ibba 5018) and tested it in two locations at three sowing dates (1, 15 July and 1 August). The Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD was used with four replications, with spilt plot arrangements, the main plots included three sowing dates, the secondary plots included, the varieties. The traits of leaf area index, total dry matter weight, the number of days to Physiological maturity, crop growth rate, and individual plant yield were studied.The results showed that the date of August 1 exceeded at the Baghdad location with the most studied traits, such as the number of days to physiological maturity (87.50 days) and plant yield (213.7 g), while the second date for the same location exceeded some traits such as leaf area index (4.81) and dry matter weight (421.7 g) and the crop growth rate is 4.715 gm plant-1,day-1.As for Diyala, the second date exceeded as the plant yield (182 g).Results showed the superiority of cultivar 3 for most of the traits in the Baghdad location, such as the weight of dry matter (459 g) and crop growth rate (5.2 gm plant-1 day-1 ),and plant yield (204 g). It also cultivar 3 in Diyala with the highest yield of plant (188.5 g) as a result of its superiority in terms of dry weight and crop growth rate. In the Cumulated analysis, the difference between the two locations was insignificant, whereas in the dates, the two dates were superiored in (July 15 and August 1) the highest yield for plant (182.2 and 187.3 g). Interaction was significant between sowing dates and locations(L×D), sowing dates and varieties (D×V), between varieties and locations(L×V), and the triple interaction of most of the studied traits(L×D×V)"

Análise da emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de Handroanthus roseo-albus (Ridl.) Mattos e Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S.O.Grose sobre diferentes tipos de substratos

<p class="Normal1"><span class="fontstyle0">The formation of quality forest seedlings has a direct relationship with the substrates that will be used; the germination of seeds and the formation of the root system and the aerial part are associated with the particular characteristics of each substrate. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the influence of different substrates on the formation of ipê-branco and ipê-amarelo seedlings. The experimental design adopted was completely random, with the treatments distributed in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement (2 species and 5 substrates), with 4 replications. We used the following components to compose the substrates: carbonized rice husks (CAC), fresh rice husks (CA), autoclaved for two hours at 120 °C, commercial substrate (SC) Bioflora, washed sand (AL), and bovine manure (EB). The study was arranged in five treatments: treatment 1 - CAC, treatment 2 - CA, treatment 3 - SC, treatment 4 - AL and treatment 5 - EB. The following morphological characteristics have been evaluated: Collection diameter, height of the seedlings and the Dickson Quality Index (DQI) of the seedlings, which was obtained through the variables: weight of total dry matter (TWMW), weight of dry matter of the aerial part (TWMW), weight of dry matter of the root (RWMW), H and DC. The emergence speed and the emergence percentage index were lower for both species in the treatment containing 100% in natura rice husk. The commercial substrate Bioflora, enabled good performance in the emergence of both species, obtaining satisfactory results in terms of the percentage rate of emergence and a higher speed of emergence between treatments. The bovine manure substrate obtained superior results in the initial development for both Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S.O.Grose and Handroanthus roseo-albus (Ridl.) Mattos.</span><br /><br /></p>

Impact of Different Nitrogen Amount and Seeding Rates on Growth and Yield of NERICA 4 Rice Varieties in Upland Conditions

With the recent breakthrough in the development of the New Rice for Africa (NERICA) for the upland production system and the high demand for rice, farmers’ interest in growing upland rice has increased. A field experiment was conducted at Tsukuba International center, Japan from May to October 2019 to evaluate the response of rice to seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer application and also determine economically optimum seed rate and nitrogen level for NERICA-4 upland variety. The experiment contained factorial combination of four levels of nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha -1 and two seed rates (60& 80 Kg ha -1 ). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design plot arrangement with three replications. The results from this study indicated that seed rate showed no significant effect on total dry matter weight, plant length, SPAD value, Leaf area index, panicle number, spikelet number, ripening ratio and grain yield while the total number of tillers was significant. However, nitrogen fertilizer rates significantly (p < 0.05) affected in plant length, tiller number, SPAD value, dry matter and Leaf area index. Except 1000grain, all the yield and yield component parameters have also shown a significant increase up to the rate of 90 kg N ha−1. The highest grain yield (3340 kg∙ha−1) was recorded using 90 kg N ha −1 followed by 60 kg N ha −1 (3200 kg ha −1) and the lowest yield (2100 kg ha −1 ) was recorded from control . Marginal rate of return analysis is also showed that the treatment with N fertilizer rate of 90 kg N ha −1 and seed rate 60 kg ha −1 gave the highest Marginal rate of return 1217 % followed by the treatment with N fertilizer rate of 60 kg N ha−1 and seed rate 60 kg ha−1.The general trend of the data indicated that the fertilizer rate has a greatest impact on grain yield compared to the seed rate of rice crop. Based on this study using 60 kg/ha seed rate and application of 90 kg N ha −1 gives high grain yield for rice crop production at experimental site. Keywords : Economic profit, Seed rate, N fertilizer rate, Optimum grain yield, Marginal rate of return DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/12-4-05 Publication date: February 28 th 2021

Application of nano-silicon foliar fertilizer to double dry season soybean productivity of Central Lombok rainfed lowland

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is the rotation crop that dominantly grown after rice during dry season in most lowland paddy field of Eastern Indonesia. This on-farm experiment aimed to improve dry season soybean production by spraying liquid fertilizer containing silicon. Burangrang soybean variety grown from August to October 2018 at Tenandon of Penujak Village, Praya Barat sub-district of Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Five treatments were arranged on randomized block design with five replications on 100 m2 plot size. The treatments were application of silicon-based liquid fertilizer named T1 (O**n or ON), T2 (Bio**x or BX), T3 (BioS****a or BS), T4 (BioU**n or BU) that compare to T0 (control) which was without any foliar spray. Land preparation, planting, irrigation, and harvest were guided using integrated soybean management handbook. Yield and yield component data was collected at harvest. The result showed that application of liquid fertilizer was significantly increase total dry matter weight, including percentage dry matter accumulation on leaf, pods weight, and percentage of filled pods. Soybean productivity was improved about 102.06% (T3), 95.88% (T4), 61.86% (T1), dan 47.42% (T2) when compared to T0 at 0.9 t/ha.

Irrigation management based on evapotranspiration accumulation of the melon crop: a Bayesian approach

This study aimed to evaluate different accumulation values of the melon crop evapotranspiration (ETc) as a reference to start the irrigation. The study was conducted in a protected environment and the Bayesian methodology was used to analyze the data. Treatments consisted of four ETc accumulation values (3, 6, 9 and 15 mm) for starting the irrigation, in addition to eight plots of control treatment, corresponding to the daily irrigation. Yield, total dry matter weight, leaf area, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and relative water content were all evaluated. Except for the relative water content, the a posteriori coefficient estimates of the regression models were all significant for the other variables, by fitting quadratic models to explain the ETc accumulation effect. In daily irrigation, total dry weight, leaf area, total chlorophyll and relative water content decreased while the carotenoids increased, compared to the accumulated irrigation. It is concluded that ETc accumulation changes production, growth and physiology of the melon and it is more beneficial than the daily irrigation. The Bayesian approach was adequate for explaining the relations between the water depths and the response variables of the melon.

Dietary methionine deficiency reduces laying performances of female common ducks and impacts traits of interest of their mule ducklings

The effects of maternal nutrition on offspring phenotypes have been mainly documented over the past years in mammals, and are now studied in poultry as well. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a reduced level of dietary Methionine (Met) on laying performances of common laying ducks and their impacts on the phenotype of their mule ducklings. A total of 60 female laying ducks were divided into 2 dietary treatments at 10 wk of age. The restricted group received Met-restricted diets (R group) containing 0.25% of Met whereas the control group received control diets (C group) containing 0.40% of Met that meets Met requirements. The restriction was applied during the growing and laying periods, from 10 to 51 wk of age and a particular focus was put on female breeder traits that might be affected by the Met restriction. Plasma parameters of hepatic and lipid metabolisms were recorded in ducklings. Total weight (P<0.001), albumen weight (P<0.001) and albumen percentage of dry matter (P<0.01) were decreased for eggs laid by female breeders from the R group. Both male and female ducklings from the R group of female breeders showed a reduced BW at hatching (P<0.001) and a tendency to an increased proportional liver weight (P=0.07). Finally, the maternal low dietary Met level modified plasma parameters in newborn ducklings regardless of sex: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities were reduced (P=0.07 and P=0.002, respectively), levels of glucose (P=0.03) and triglycerides (P=0.01) were higher whereas level of free fatty acids decreased (P=0.01). It was concluded that feeding female laying ducks with a restricted dietary Met content during the growing and laying periods has a negative effect on egg weight and composition. The ducklings that were restricted in nutrients during their early development, have a reduced BW, and altered lipid and hepatic metabolisms.

Effects of waterlogging stress at different growth stages on the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of spring maize (Zea mays L.) Under field conditions

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of waterlogging stress on the photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation (including stem, leaf, and ear), and grain yield of spring maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids Demeiya1 (DMY1) and Keyu16 (KY16). The waterlogging and subsurface waterlogging treatments were implemented for different durations (3, 6, and 9 days and 5, 10, and 15 days, respectively) at the seedling (V3), jointing (V6), and tasseling (VT) stages. The results showed that the adverse effects of waterlogging on spring maize growth varied with the duration of waterlogging and the growth stage. The most obvious effect of waterlogging stress occurred at the V3 stage, followed by the V6 and VT stages. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase activities, as well as the photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) decreased with an increase in the duration of waterlogging, which caused a decrease in the total dry matter weight and ultimately resulted in a significant reduction in spring maize grain yield. The grain yield of DMY1 and KY16 significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by 64.8% and 80.2% in the V3-9 treatment and decreased by 61.5% and 71.9%, respectively, in the V3-s15 treatment.

Effect of foliar application of gibberellic acid on different growth contributing characters of mungbean

The comparative growth and yield performances between two Mungbean (BARI Mung 6 and BARI Mung 5) varieties with foliar application of GA3 (0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) were studied to find out the suitable variety and optimum level of GA3 application. The design of experiment followed was RCBD. Data on morpho-physiological characteristics were recorded at 15, 25, 35, 45and 55 days after sowing (DAS) and yield contributing parameters were recorded only at harvest stage. The results showed that application of GA3 @ 100 ppm produced better performance on morpho-physiological characters namely, plant height (56.59cm), number of leaves per plant (10.75), branches per plant (4.75), length of root (24.73cm), total dry matter weight (12.67g)which were recorded from the variety BARI mung 6 with the foliar application of GA3 @ 100 ppm. Yield contributing characters were also showed the highest performance in terms of number of pods per plant (23.40), pod length (6.67cm), number of seeds per pod (12.82), thousand seed weight (33.95 g), seed yield (7.53 g/plant and 1.92 t ha–1), and harvest index (35.36%) which were the highest with the application of 100 ppm GA3 in case of BARI Mung 6. Single and combined effects of treatments were found statistically significant. Between two varieties BARI Mung 6, among the treatments GA3 @ 100 ppm as foliar application and interaction effect of GA3 @ 100 ppm and BARI mung 6 showed the highest performance in respect of all growth and yield parameters.&#x0D; Progressive Agriculture 29 (3): 233-238, 2018