Total Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient Research Articles

Development of a postoperative visual function rehabilitation compliance assessment scale for children with congenital cataract: a reliability and validity study

ObjectiveTo develop a comprehensive compliance assessment scale for postoperative visual function rehabilitation in children with congenital cataracts and to assess its reliability and validity.MethodDrawing on the Interactive Model of Health Behavior, we conducted a literature review and semi-structured interviews to create a pool of 36 items. The items underwent rigorous evaluation through the Delphi method, face validity checks, and item analysis, leading to a reduction to 18 items. To assess the scale's reliability and validity, we collected data from 225 parents of children with congenital cataracts. We employed SPSS version 25.0 for data analysis and evaluated construct validity using exploratory factor analysis, content validity, internal consistency reliability, and test–retest reliability.ResultsThe compliance scale for postoperative visual function rehabilitation in children with congenital cataracts comprises 5 dimensions and 18 items. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 68.178%. Item-level content validity index ranged from 0.730 to 1.000, and the content validity index of the scale was 0.963. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient, split-half reliability, and test–retest reliability of the scale were 0.855, 0.778, and 0.859, respectively.ConclusionsThe compliance assessment scale for postoperative visual function rehabilitation in children with congenital cataracts demonstrates acceptable reliability and validity. It serves as a valuable reference for developing standardized nursing programs for these children in clinical practice.

Assessment of Physical Activity During Pandemic Periods: Development of the Questionnaire, Determination of Primary Validity, and Psychometric Properties.

This study aimed to develop the "Pandemic Period Physical Activity Scale (PPPAS)" to determine the physical activity level of healthy individuals during the pandemic period. Research data were collected from the "Socio-Demographic Questionnaire Form,""International Physical Activity Short Form,""Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia,""Coronavirus Anxiety Scale,""Epidemic Anxiety Scale,""Expert Evaluation Form," and "Pandemic Period Physical Activity Scale," exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale consisted of 3 sub-dimensions and 31 items. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the fit indices χ2/Df: 2.343; root mean square error of approximation: 0.048; incremental fit index: 0.955; comparative fit index: 0.954; goodness of fit index: 0.912; normed fit index: 0.923; non-normed fit index: 0.950; adjusted goodness of fit index: 0.896; root mean square residuals: 0.060; standardized root mean square residual: 0.047. The total Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.912 while the intraclass correlation coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.958 (p<0.001). As a result of the analyses conducted, it was concluded that the PPPAS is a valid and reliable measurement.

Reliability and validity analyses of the postoperative comfort scale for patients with lung cancer undergoing endoscopic surgery and an evaluation of patient comfort.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours that threaten human health globally. Radical resection under thoracoscopic guidance has been accepted as the major therapeutic option for treating lung cancer clinically. However, the procedure still has some adverse impacts on the comfort of patients following thoracoscopic surgery. To analyse the reliability and validity of the postoperative comfort scale for patients with lung cancer undergoing endoscopic surgery and to evaluate patient comfort. With 210 patients with lung cancer undergoing endoscopic surgery as the participants, this study was performed to assess the reliability and validity of the postoperative comfort scale for patients with lung cancer undergoing endoscopic surgery, with the assessment performed by eight experts. The postoperative comfort scale included 28 items and consisted of four dimensions (physiological, psychological, socio-cultural and environmental). The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.851, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.875. Meanwhile, the content validity index (CVI) was 0.875∼1, and the scale-level average CVI was 0.99. The Chi-square/degree-of-freedom ratio of construct validity was 2.844, suggesting a good model-fitting. Furthermore, the overall average score of patient comfort was 3.72 ± 0.57, with scores ranging between 3.59 ± 0.71 and 3.83 ± 1.06 across all four dimensions, with the lowest score in the physiological dimension. The postoperative comfort scale has good reliability and validity and can be applied for the postoperative comfort assessment of patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for lung cancer. Overall, the degree of patient comfort in this assessment was moderate, meaning targeted measures may be required to further improve patient comfort, especially in the physiological dimension.

Translation and validation of the Comfort Behaviors Checklist in hospitalized children with chronic diseases

BackgroundDifferent tools have been developed to measure patients' comfort. This study aims to translate, validate, and apply the Comfort Behaviors Checklist to hospitalized children with chronic diseases.MethodsValidity and reliability are assessed using face and content validity, construct validity (known-groups technique and Principal Component Analysis), internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability. The study takes place in a children's hospital in Iran, involving 220 children aged 4 to 6.ResultsThe Comfort Behaviors Checklist demonstrates acceptable face and content validity. Construct validity is supported by the lack of correlation between behavioral comfort scores in known groups. The Principal Component analysis results in five components, explaining 70.39% of the total variation. The checklist exhibits acceptable reliability, with a total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.86 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.835.ConclusionThe Comfort Behavior Checklist is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the level of comfort in Iranian children with chronic diseases.

Development of the diabulimia knowledge level scale

The aim of this study was to develop the Diabulimia Knowledge Level Scale. The nurses voluntarily participated in the research (n = 384). The Diabulimia Knowledge Level Scale consists of 19 items and four factors. The four factors that make up the scale according to the results of Exploratory Factor Analysis explain 68.53 % of the total variance. The total Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.92. The Diabulimia Knowledge Level Scale is the first scale developed to determine the level of diabulimia knowledge among nurses. The scale is valid and reliable.

Patient Privacy Attitude Scale: A Scale Development Study

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a measurement tool to determine the attitudes of health professionals towards patient privacy.&#x0D; Material and Methods: First, an item pool of 42 items was created by the researchers and expert opinion was presented. The scale form, whose language and content validity was ensured, was applied to the sample group, and the data obtained were analyzed through LISREL 8.54 and SPSS 22.0 package programs. The validity of the scale was evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient, test-retest method and item analysis.&#x0D; Results: Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 27-item structure with 5 factors explaining 57.483% of the variance, eigenvalues above 1, and factor loadings above 0.53. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the scale showed a theoretically and statistically acceptable level of fit. The reliability of the scale was examined by test-retest method and internal consistency analysis. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.91. There was no statistical difference between the test-retest means of the total and five sub-dimensions of the scale (p&gt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: The analysis shows that the scale is a reliable and valid measurement tool that can be used to determine the attitudes of health professionals towards patient privacy.

Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory in Hospitalized Patients

Introduction: Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) has high prevalence among the patients with psychiatric disorders. Self-Injury plays an important role in the treatment, prognosis and risk of suicide, which highlights the need for an appropriate tool to assess the nature and psychological functions of NSSI. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Ottawa Self-Injury inventory (OSI) in hospitalized patients.&#x0D; Methods: The present study was a psychometric study based on analytical method. The research has been performed on 310 patients with non-suicidal self-injury who have been referred to Nekoei-Hedayati Hospital in Qom City. Sample group completed Persian version of the Ottawa Self-Injury inventory. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR).&#x0D; Results: The results showed that content validity index in this study was more than 0.75 and content validity ratio for validity of questions was more than 0.79. The impact score of all items (Except for the tenth question) was higher than 1.5 that confirmed the face validity of inventory. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated 0.71. Another result of this study was that 52% of patients reported at least one addictive characteristic.&#x0D; Conclusion: The finding showed that Persian version of Ottawa Self-Injury inventory has appropriate validity (face /content) and reliability in the inpatient population

Kalp Cerrahisi Semptom Envanterinin Türk Dilinde Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği

This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Heart Surgery Symptom Inventory (HSSI) in Turkish language. This methodological study consisted of 312 patients who had CABG surgery in a public and a foundation university hospital between December 2017 and September 2018. Data were collected with the Patient Information Form and the HSSI. Language validity of the HSSI was analyzed by the translation-back translation method. Content validity was evaluated by Davis technique. Cronbach α coefficient, and item total correlation were examined for the reliability of the inventory. Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's tests were performed to evaluate the sampling adequacy and the suitability of the data for factor analysis. KMO value was 0.867, which indicates suitability for principal component analysis. Bartlett's test was found as x2=22733.809; p=0.000 and this value shows that the data are related to each other and are suitable for factor analysis. Content Validity Index (CVI) of the inventory was found 0.84. Factor loadings of the 35-item HSSI, which was examined as a single sub-dimension, varied between 333 and 858, and explained variance was 44.922%. The total Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.961 and the total item correlations for all items were positive. As a result, the HSSI with single-subscale and 35-item was found to be valid and reliable inventory in Turkish language and could be used for the evaluation of symptoms after heart surgery.

Reliability and validity of the Diabetic foot self-care questionnaire in Turkish patients

AimThis study was conducted to examine the psychometric, properties of the Turkish version of the Diabetic, Foot Self-Care, Questionnaire. MethodsThis was a descriptive– methodological study conducted on 193 diabetes patients. Data were collected, using Descriptive, Information Form and Diabetic Foot Self-Care Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, item-total score correlation, Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest analysis. ResultsThe Diabetic, Foot Self-Care, Questionnaire consists of 16 items and three sub-dimensions. The three sub-dimensions recorded a variance of 58.137%. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Turkish version of the Diabetic, Foot Self-Care, Questionnaire was 0.87, and Cronbach's alpha values of its sub-dimensions were 0.71 and 0.88. The two-month test-retest credibility interpreted with intra-class correlation was 0.97. ConclusionsIt has been shown that the questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing foot self-care behavior in diabetic patients.

Development and psychometric testing of a scale for assessing the psychological birth trauma.

Psychological birth trauma is widespread in postpartum women, and its harms are serious to mothers' health. Existing tools rely on posttraumatic stress disorder to evaluate, which cannot effectively evaluate its connotation. The aim of this study was to develop a new instrument for use to comprehensively assess the psychological birth trauma level of women after birth and test the scale's psychometric properties. The scale was developed and evaluated through item generation, expert consultation, pre-survey, and psychometric evaluation. A literature review, focus group, and individual deep semi-structured interviews were utilized to identify the scale items. The expert consultation evaluated the content validity. Psychometric testing was conducted in a convenience sample of 712 mothers within the first 72 h postpartum who were recruited from three hospitals in China. The total Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.874. Exploratory factor analysis supported that the final scale consisted of four dimensions and fifteen items. The explanatory variance of the four factors was 66.724%. The four dimensions are named "being neglected," "out of control," "physiological emotional response," and "cognitive behavioral response." The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fit indices were all at acceptable and good levels. The 15-item Birth Trauma Scale is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the psychological trauma of mothers who experienced spontaneous childbirth. The scale is a maternal self-assessment scale that can help women understand their mental health. Healthcare providers can identify key populations and intervene with them.

Turkish Adaptation and Validation of Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire Parent Form.

Behavioral inhibition has been proposed as a temperamental risk factor for the development of childhood anxiety disorders universally; however, there is no validated instrument for, especially, its evaluation in Turkish children. This study aimed to examine reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire parent form for children aged 3-7 years. Around 250 mothers or fathers of 3-7 years old children were recruited from non-clinical population to collect responses to the questionnaires. The sample was created by reaching 3 schools at preschool or elementary grade for the purpose of providing the questionnaires filled about the student and/or his/her little sisters and brothers by their parents; questionnaires were sent out to parents and then gathered. Parents were asked to fill sociodemographic data form, Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire parent form, Children Behavior Questionnaire, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionaire parent form in order to perform convergent and divergent validity analyses. As a result of reliability analysis, total Cronbach alpha coefficient for Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire was determined as 0.92 with strong reliability. The internal consistency coefficients for Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire subscales also showed strong reliability with alphas ranging between 0.81 and 0.87 except for the performance (α = 0.69) and physical challenges (α = 0.19) subscales of which some items were excluded due to item-total correlations and confirmatory factor analysis results. In the validity assessment analyses, confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire has a construct validity with 5 factors loaded on the 2-second order main factors and one third-order final factor (root mean square error = 0.032, root mean square residual = 0.153, Comparative Fit Index = 0.978, Goodness of Fit İndex = 0.915, and Turker-Lewis Index = 0.970). While the strongest correlations with the overall Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire score were found for 2 main subscales, inhibition to social novelties (r = 0.926, P < .001) and situational novelties (r = 0.928, P < .001), similarly peers (r = 0.848, P < .001) and new situations (r = 0.898, P < .001) subscales, had strong correlations with the overall Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire score. The weakest correlation with overall Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire score was observed for physical challenges subscale even though this subscale displayed moderate association (r = 0.454, P < .001). A good convergent validity was determined accompanied by significant moderate positive correlations with Children Behavior Questionnaire shyness and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire internalizing scales. An adequate divergent validity was also demonstrated based on significant positive mild to moderate correlations with Children Behavior Questionnaire impulsivity, Children Behavior Questionnaire smiling/laugh, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire prosocial scales, and non-significant correlation with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire externalizing scale. The study demonstrated that the Turkish version of the Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire parent form is an effective tool with good reliability and validity among 3-7 years old children.

The concept of pain inventory for children: The reliability and validity study of the Turkish version

Background and purposePain experiences in childhood are very likely to be reflected in adulthood. The early evaluation of the concept of pain in children may eventually lead to.better patient outcomes in the future. Therefore, we aimed to culturally and developmentally adapt the Concept of Pain Inventory for Children (COPI) for Turkish children. MethodsThis descriptive, correlational study was conducted with 239 post-operative children aged 8–12 years between June and December 2021. The research adhered to COSMIN guidelines. The data were collected using a descriptive information form and the COPI. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and item–total score analysis were used for the data analysis. ResultsThe resulting unidimensional scale consists of 12 items in Turkish. The scale explained 65% of the total variance. The exploratory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings of items ranged from 0.64 to 0.91. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings of items ranged from 0.66 to 0.92. Goodness of fit indexes were found to be as follows: Normed Fit Index >0.90; Incremental Fit Index >0.90; Comparative Fit Index >0.90; and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation <0.08. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.78 (reliable). ConclusionsThe 12-item Turkish translation of the COPI was deemed valid and reliable in 8–12-year-old children in a post-operative setting. Practice implicationsEvaluation of children's pain concepts during childhood may contribute to the identification of conceptual gaps for pain science education.

Childbirth Readiness Scale (CRS): instrument development and psychometric properties

BackgroundChildbirth preparation plays an important role in reducing maternal mortality and improving women’s childbirth experience. Evaluating childbirth readiness levels before and after interventions provides a basis for formulating more targeted and effective interventions. However, existing tools only assess partial childbirth preparation or have limited evidence of reliability and validity. The aim of this study was thus to develop a new instrument for use during the third trimester to comprehensively assess the readiness level of pregnant women, and test the scale’s psychometric properties.MethodsThe scale was developed through exploratory mixed methods including qualitative and quantitative phases. A literature review and in-depth semi-structured interviews were utilized to identify the scale items. A Delphi expert consultation evaluated the content validity. Psychometric testing was conducted in a convenience sample of 731 pregnant women in the third trimester (recruited from 3 tertiary hospitals in Hubei province in China). Item analysis was used to screen items; exploratory factor analysis was performed to extract factors; confirmatory factor analysis was performed to evaluate fit on the factor structures.ResultsThe final scale consisted of four dimensions and 18 items that explained 65.8% of the total variance. Confirmative factor analysis (CFA) model showed that the 4-factor model fits the data well. The total Cronbach alpha coefficient of the total scale and 4 factors was 0.935 and 0.853–0.914. The split-half reliability was 0.880. The dimensions comprised “Self-management”, “Information literacy”, “Birth confidence” and “Birth plan”.ConclusionsThe childbirth readiness scale we developed has good reliability and validity, and can be used to comprehensively assess the readiness level of pregnant women. In addition to understanding the overall level of women’s childbirth readiness, using subscale scores, improvements can be targeted to specific areas of the preparation for childbirth, to improve the efficiency of the intervention.

Inpatient Dignity Scale: Mandarin translation and psychometric characteristics evaluation

AimThe aim of this paper was to translate the English version of the Inpatient Dignity Scale into Mandarin and to test the psychometric properties of the Mandarin version of the Inpatient Dignity Scale.DesignThis research is a cross‐sectional survey, using convenience sampling.MethodsThe English version of the Inpatient Dignity Scale was translated into Mandarin Chinese. From June–August 2020, 736 inpatients from 50 tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou were recruited to assess the psychometric attributes of the Inpatient Dignity Scale.ResultsThe Mandarin version of the Inpatient Dignity Scale consists of expectation and satisfaction subscales. It differs from the English language version, as the expectation subscale includes three dimensions and the satisfaction subscale includes two dimensions. The total Cronbach alpha coefficient of the expectation subscale and the satisfaction subscale were .820 and .965, respectively, and the split‐half reliability of the expectation subscale and the satisfaction subscale were 0.740 and 0.928, respectively, indicating good internal consistency and effectiveness. Known‐groups validity was established, as 70% of the hypotheses were supported.

Application of a Computerized Decision Support System to Develop Care Strategies for Elderly Hemodialysis Patients.

In this paper, the strategy of elderly haemodialysis patients' care is analysed by the computer's decision system to conduct an in-depth research machine. Maintenance haemodialysis patients have a high demand for continuation care, and healthcare workers should provide personalized and specialized seamless continuation care services for patients according to patients' needs, by reasonably using the hospital, community, and other health resources and with the help of emerging network technologies, such as information platforms and wearable devices to prolong the survival period of patients and improve their self-management ability and quality of life. The service provision and compensation strategy of the combined healthcare model should be optimized to improve the health protection of the elderly and promote health equity. On the one hand, it should target strengthening the service provision of healthcare integration, guide the elderly to reasonably choose the healthcare integration model, and pay attention to the spiritual and cultural needs and end-of-life care services for the elderly. On the other hand, we should expand the financing channels of medical insurance, optimize the design of compensation mechanisms, explore the role of health risk sharing, and accelerate the development of long-term care insurance, independent of basic medical insurance. The reliability of the scale was found to be 0.916 for the total Cronbach alpha coefficient, 0.798–0.919 for each dimension, and 0.813 for the fold-half reliability of the scale; the validity indicated that the correlation coefficient range of each article day with the total scale score was 0.27–0.72, and the correlation coefficient range of each dimension with the total scale was 0.56–0.72. The validation factor analysis was used to verify the structure of the scale. The validation factor analysis indexes met the fitting criteria after correction. The model fitted better with the actual model after correction, indicating that the scale has good reliability.

Development and validation of the information needs questionnaire for differentiated thyroid cancer patient with radioactive iodine therapy (INQ-DTC).

AimsThis study aimed to develop and validate the psychometric properties of Information Needs Questionnaire for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (INQ‐DTC) in DTC patients with radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy.DesignMixed methods.MethodsUsing qualitative methods, we developed the initial questionnaire from a personal perspective of information needs of 15 patients with DTC. We used a formal Delphi consensus process to help assess the initial questionnaire and provide recommendations for its application. Totally, 230 DTC patients with RAI therapy were selected for the process of validation.ResultsThe final version of INQ‐DTC contains 33 items. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.945, the total split‐half reliability was 0.822, and the test‐retest value was 0.984 for the overall score. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 factors, which could explain 61.86% of the total variance. The Scale‐level content validity index (S‐CVI) was 0.928, and 0.929 for the item‐level content validity index (I‐CVI).

Validity and reliability of a virtual education satisfaction questionnaire from the perspective of cardiology residents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted the further virtualization of medical education. The satisfaction level of specific users such as cardiology residents with virtual education can augment its quality; hence, the significance of a valid and reliable questionnaire to obtain feedback is needed. This study aimed to design and measure validity and reliability of a satisfaction questionnaire for virtual education of cardiology residents during COVID-19 pandemic.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire was developed by the faculty members of Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center. Reliability was tested utilizing Cronbach's alpha and intercorrelation which was tested using Pearson's correlation coefficient test (ICC). Factor analysis was done by the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett's sphericity test. The statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS software version 22.RESULTS:The face validity index was determined via an assessment of the relevance, clarity, and simplicity of each item, and values >0.79 were accepted. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated 0.93. Concerning test–retest reliability, the correlation between two rounds of evaluation was >80 (P > 0.001) and ICC was 0.99 (P = 0.001). The content validity evaluation yielded an index of 0.95 and a ratio of 0.91. The principal component factor analysis, conducted to investigate construct validity, generated four domains.CONCLUSIONS:The study results confirmed the validity and reliability of the designed questionnaire to evaluate the level of satisfaction of cardiology residents with virtual learning in COVID-19 pandemic.

Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified.

AIMThe Simulation Effectiveness Tool—Modified aimed to evaluate students’ perceptions about the effectiveness of learning within a simulation environment, to implement Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified to adapt to the Turkish language, and test for its reliability, validity, and psychometric properties.METHODThis study was conducted in a methodological manner. The data were collected from 235 students who participated in the simulation-based learning experience in the Faculty of Nursing of 2 public universities in Istanbul between January and June 2019. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation, confirmatory factor analysis, item-total correlation, test-retest correlation, interclass correlation, Pearson correlation, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and ceiling-floor effect analysis were conducted.RESULTSFour factors stated that 62.2% of the total variance was a result of factor analysis. The item-total correlations of the Turkish version of the measurement tool ranged from r=0.47 to r=0.69. The total Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the tool was found to be 0.92. Test-retest correlations were found to be statistically significant for the total measurement tool and subscales. The measurement tool did not have ceiling-floor effects.CONCLUSIONThe Turkish version of the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified is a reliable and valid measurement tool that can be used to evaluate perceptions on the effectiveness of learning within a simulation environment.

The reliability and validity of The Turkish version of Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 for the evaluation of different dimensions of fatigue in patients with fibromyalgia.

Objectives In this study, we aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (MFI-20) for Turkish patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Patients and methods Between February 2011 and September 2011, a total of 120 female patients (mean age 45±9.1 years; range, 20 to 60 years) admitted to our outpatient clinic with extensive pain and fatigue and diagnosed with FM according to 1990 and 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria were included in this study. The MFI-20 was translated according to forward-backward translation procedure. For the test-retest reliability, the patients re-filled out the scale 48 hours after the first application. Structural validity was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was assessed by internal consistency with Cronbach alpha and test-retest reliability was assessed by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). For convergent validity, Spearman rho correlation coefficient was used for relevance analysis with the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), visual analog scale (VAS)-pain, VAS-fatigue, and Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires. Results The total Cronbach alpha coefficient was found to be 0.92 (range, 0.78 to 0.93). The CFA showed good structural validity and revealed five dimensions. The ICC coefficient was found to be 0.934. All correlation coefficients between the MFI and FIS were calculated as above 0.80, indicating a strong relationship. Conclusion The results of this study show that the Turkish version of the MFI-20 has a high internal consistency and reasonable construct validity. It is a valid and reliable measurement of the assessment of fatigue in patients with FM multidimensionality.

Development and reliability and validity evaluation of needs questionnaire of the integrated services for medicine, pension, rehabilitation and care of community elderly

Objective The purpose of the research was to draw up the questionnaire of the integrated services demand for medicine, pension, rehabilitation and care of community elderly and to provide elderly people with a effective tool for evaluating the needs of medicine, pension, rehabilitation and care. Methods The theoretical framework of the questionnaire was based on the qualitative interview results of 12 community elderly and community health care workers. A preliminary draft was formed through two rounds of expert consultation and a preliminary survey of 102 elderly people in 3 communities in Taian. Construct validity was used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split half reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. Results Sixteen experts were invited to conduct two rounds of consultation on 61 items of the questionnaire. The authoritative coefficient of experts was 0.881, and the positive coefficient of experts was 100%. In the first round, items I-CVI, S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/Ave were 0.68-1.00, 0.72 and 0.83, respectively. Seven items were modified, six items were deleted and three items were added. In the second round, one item was deleted and one item was added, and a questionnaire consisting of seven dimensions and 58 items was formed.7 common factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was 63.078%. Finally, 7 dimensions and 51 item questionnaires were formed. Each dimension is the community public health service and general services, health education, pension services, rehabilitation services, family beds, service charges The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.919, the Cronbach' s alpha coefficient of each dimension was 0.615-0.808, the retest reliability coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.862.and the Guttman half coefficient is 0.865. The total questionnaire CVI was 0.85 and the item CVI was 0.80-1.00. Item analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of the 7 items were lower than 0.3, and the rest were all between 0.3~0.7, and were significantly correlated at P<0.05 level. Conclusion The questionnaire of the integrated services demand for medicine, pension, rehabilitation and care of community elderly had good reliability and validity, and it could be used to evaluate the needs of medicine, pension, rehabilitation and care in the elderly. Key words: The elderly; Combination of medicine and pension care; Service needs; Reliability; Validity; Measurement tools