Total Cronbach Research Articles

Assessing the professional social capital of psychiatrists: development of the Resource Generator for Psychiatrists (RG-Psy)

BackgroundIn the field of psychiatry, the dissemination of clinical innovations greatly depends on the social capital of clinicians. An instrument specifically aimed at measuring their professional social capital therefore needs to be developed.MethodsThis survey was conducted to develop and validate the Resource Generator for Psychiatrists, an 11-item questionnaire measuring the social capital of psychiatrists. The online questionnaire was administered through a link sent by e-mail to all psychiatrists and residents in psychiatry licensed to work in Belgium, after excluding ineligible psychiatrists. A total of 1618 psychiatrists or residents were reached. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Internal consistency was assessed using Pearson’s correlation, item-total correlation and Cronbach’s alpha. Test-retest reliability was also measured. Multivariable linear regression analysis assessed the association between the total score of the social capital and psychiatrist demographics.ResultsA total of 196 psychiatrists responded to the survey (response rate: 12.1%). The Resource Generator for Psychiatrists showed a normal distribution with a mean of 23.6 (SD = 15.5), good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.81) and a good total Cronbach’s alpha (0.74). Exploratory factor analysis revealed two main subtypes in psychiatrists’ social capital: “Resources for the clinician” and “Resources for the professional”, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.62 and 0.7 respectively. Clinicians attending institutional seminars (β = 5.52, SE = 2.2, p = .013) and working in multidisciplinary settings, such as hospitals (β = 4.75, SE = 2.06, p = .023) or a mobile team (β = 8.75, SE = 3.52, p = .014) were more likely to have higher social capital.ConclusionPsychiatrists’ access to professional resources can be reliably measured by using an 11-item questionnaire.

Design and Validation of the Flipped-Learning Assessment Scale for Undergraduate Nursing Education.

To design and validate the Flipped-Learning Assessment Scale; a tool for assessing students' experience of flipped learning. Frequently, university students are introduced to new content during lectures. In contrast, active learning activities, such as Flipped Learning, are designed as an instructional method to engages students in the learning process. Cross-sectional descriptive study. A cross-sectional study was carried out in three phases ((1) item selection, rephrasing and translation; (2) content analysis through expert panel and (3) confirmatory factor analysis). The final version of the scale was piloted on a sufficient sample of undergraduate student nurses from three Spanish universities. A total of 455 students completed the questionnaire; 373 women and 82 men. The total Cronbach's alpha value for the complete instrument was 0.893. Cronbach alpha for each separate dimension ranged between 0.660 and 0.897. Goodness-of-fit values were acceptable, implying that the model was validated. The flipped learning approach has become increasingly popular in academic settings. Evaluating the students' flipped learning experience is important to analyse aspects such as acceptability and effectiveness of this methodology. The Flipped-Learning Assessment Scale is a valid and reliable tool for analysing students' experience of flipped learning. Flipped learning has been a useful pedagogical model very for cultivating student skills in problem-solving, critical thinking, teamwork and self-active learning in nursing education. A key issues, such as student satisfaction, has been explored further before implementing this teaching and learning methodology. None.

Development and evaluation of the children's postoperative health-related quality of life scale for thyroid cancer

Objective: To develop the children's postoperative health-related quality of life scale for thyroid cancer and to test its reliability and validity. Methods: The first draft of the scale was developed through literature search, focus group meetings, and a pre-survey, and 116 children (76 for testing and 40 for external validation) with thyroid cancer attending Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University were selected to answer the scale, to screen and categorize the questions and to form the final scale with multiple dimensions. Results: The children's postoperative health-related quality of life scale for thyroid cancer contained 5 dimensions and 29 questions. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the cumulative variance explained by the 5 factors was 64.343%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed correlations between the questions and dimensions of this scale, fair convergent validity for the scale, and good discriminant validity. The validity of the validity scale showed that there was a existing correlation between the questions and the validity scale of this scale. The item-dimension correlation coefficients showed that the questions in each dimension were well differentiated. The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.930, the folded half reliability was 0.843, and retest reliabilities at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after the initial test were respectively 0.936, 0.922, and 0.910. Conclusion: The developed children's postoperative health-related quality of life scale for thyroid cancer has good reliability and validity and can be used to assess the health-related quality of life of children after thyroid cancer surgery.

Development and reliability and validity testing of a medication literacy scale for medical college students

BackgroundIrrational drug use has become a global problem threatening human health. As future health professionals, medical college students’ medication literacy (ML) is critical. Their mastery of medication-related knowledge will directly affect public medication safety in the future.MethodsThe initial scale was developed through a literature review and was modified through expert consultation and student interviews to form the initial scale with 14 items. In 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted among students in a medical college for item analysis, reliability test, validity test and other analyses.ResultsThe total Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.826 and split-half reliability was 0.852. The Cronbach’s α coefficients for functional medication literacy, communicative medication literacy, and critical medication literacy were 0.901, 0.858, and 0.851, respectively. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.833 to 1.000 (≥ 0.78). Factor analysis of 14 items showed that KMO = 0. 852(> 0.7) and Bartlett’s spherical test p < 0.001, indicating that the data are very suitable for factor analysis. Three principal axis factors were extracted by principal component analysis, and the total variance interpretation rate was 69.031% (> 40%). The confirmatory factor analysis identified a three-factor model and showed goodness of fit indices for the scale: The χ²/df = 2.623, The Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.905, The Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.950, Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.922, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.938, and The Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.078.ConclusionA new scale for evaluating the medication literacy of Chinese medical college students was preliminarily developed, demonstrating good reliability and validity. Itcan be used as a preliminary measurement tool for assessing medical students’ medication literacy. However, due to the limitations of this study, the practical application of the scale needs to be further examined in a larger sample and should be refined in future studies.

Validity and Reliability Testing of the Turkish Version of the Self-Acceptance Scale for Pregnant Women

Objective: This study was conducted to adapt the Self-Acceptance Scale for Pregnant Women (SAS-PW), which was developed in Brazil, to Turkish and test the psychometric properties of its Turkish version. Method: This methodological study was carried out with 576 pregnant women who presented to the pregnancy outpatient clinics of a Research and Training Hospital in northern Turkey between December 2021 and April 2022. The validity of the Turkish version of SAS-PW was tested by conducting linguistic, content, and construct validity analyses, while its reliability was tested by conducting internal consistency and test-retest analyses. Results: According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis, the factor load values of the items and the rates of the total variance in scale scores explained by the factors were sufficient. The confirmatory factor analysis results demonstrated that the goodness-of-fit indices of the scale were within suitable ranges. The 2-factor and 10-item construct of the original SAS-PW was confirmed based on the factor analyses. The item-total score correlations of the scale were found sufficient, and the total Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of SAS-PW was determined to be 0.93. The test-retest analysis of the scale scores revealed a strong correlation between the scores of the two implementations. Conclusions: The Turkish version of SAS-PW is a valid and reliable measurement instrument to evaluate the self-acceptance levels of pregnant women in Turkish society.

Development and Reliability and Validity Analysis of the Knowledge,Attitude,and Practice Evaluation Scale for Teachers' Early Childhood Sex Education

Objective To develop the knowledge,attitude,and practice evaluation scale for teachers' early childhood sex education and analyze the reliability and validity of the scale,providing evaluation tools for the research on teachers' early childhood sex education. Methods On the basis of relevant guidelines,publications,and the theory of knowledge,attitude,and practice,a preliminary pool of items for the scale was formed by group discussions.The scale was drafted after two rounds of Delphi expert consultation.In May 2023,stratified cluster sampling was conducted,and 535 preschool teachers from Changshou District,Chongqing were selected for a survey.Cronbach's α coefficient,split-half reliability,exploratory factor analysis,and content validity were adopted to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. Results An evaluation scale for teachers' early childhood sex education was formulated,involving 27 items in 3 dimensions of knowledge,attitude,and practice.The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.875,and that of the knowledge,attitude,and practice dimensions were 0.902,0.743,and 0.879,respectively.The total split-half reliability of the scale was 0.937,and that of the knowledge,attitude,and practice dimensions were 0.934,0.821,and 0.912,respectively.The content validity of the scale was good,with a factor loading range of 0.500-0.836 and a cumulative variance contribution rate of 61.57.The average score of teachers' knowledge,attitude,and practice in sex education was 72.85±7.13,with a good rate of 70.84%. Conclusions The developed scale for evaluating teacher's early childhood sex education demonstrates good reliability and validity,and it can be used to evaluate the teachers' knowledge,attitude,and practice in early childhood sex education.The evaluation results indicate that teachers have low levels of knowledge,attitude,and practice in sex education,and relevant departments need to carry out training on the sex education for young children.

Relationship Between Happiness, Culture, Socio-Economic Status, And Religious Coping Among Muslim Women Students Residing In Sokoto State, Nigeria

The goal of happiness is to have a stress-free and functional society. Yet, stress from cultural and socio-economic factors may arise when Muslim women student’s issues are discussed within society practices; which has resulted in illiteracy in Nigeria due to low enrolment attendance and school completion rates. Despite this, the World Happiness Report (WHR, 2023) ranked Nigeria as 95th happiest country in the world, and the fifth happiest country in Africa. Nevertheless, not many researches on happiness among Muslim women students in Northern Nigeria have been reported. This study investigated the relationship between happiness, culture, socio-economic status (SES), and religious coping, among Muslim women students at the Women Centre for Continuing Education (WCCE), in Sokoto, Northern Nigeria. A total number of 269 Muslim women students were selected to participate in this study using purposive random sampling. Instruments namely Orientation to Happiness Scale (OHS), Cultural Questionnaire for Women, (CQW), Socio-Economic Status Scale (SESS), Islamic Religious Coping Scale (RCOPE) were used for data collection. The total Cronbach’s alpha Coefficiency was 0.937, which was found to be reliable. The results were analysed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The measurement model was evaluated using items loading of average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR). The findings of this study showed that the direct relationship of culture, socio-economic status and religious coping towards happiness were significant. As a conclusion, this study provides useful information for counsellors who can assist their clients in improving and maintaining their positive religious coping practices, as well as their ability to encounter positive feelings, engage in Islamic practices, have a meaningful life, and cope with stressors. Future research on happiness in other Northern states of Nigeria is recommended.

Development and validation of the infodemic scale

ABSTRACT Infodemic is closely related to all healthcare professionals. Nurses take the lead in health professions that spend a long time with the society and try to present accurate information due to their roles. Infodemic is the massive spread of false or unreliable information in times of crisis. This study aims to develop a valid and reliable tool that identifies individuals’ approaches to infodemic. This study was methodological. The sample consisted of 504 people (N = 504). Data were collected using the Information Form and the Infodemic Scale. The sample was divided into two for the explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The scale was developed using the scale development process in health and social research, which consists of three steps. The EFA revealed 14 items under two factors, which are awareness and literacy. Item factor loadings were found to range between 0.334 and 0.907. The CFA confirmed the two-factor scale structure. The total Cronbach’s alpha of the scale was 0.87, and the composite reliability value was 0.89. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) value was found to be 0.857. According to psychometric evaluations, the Infodemic Scale is a valid and reliable instrument that can make consistent measurements.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the German social support questionnaire among older adults with chronic diseases

BackgroundSocial support is widely recognized as a protective factor against psychological distress, especially for the elderly with chronic diseases. Therefore, effective tools for measuring social support are of great significance for both research and clinical practice. This study aims to cross-culturally adapt the German Social Support Scale (F-SozU) into Chinese and assess its psychometric properties among older adults with chronic diseases.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in a Chinese tertiary hospital. Four hundred ninety-six older adults that were approached via a convenience sampling method completed the Chinese version of the F-SozU. Content validity was evaluated using the two-round Delphi method. Psychometric properties, including item analysis, content validity, structure validity, convergent and discriminant validity and reliability were examined.ResultThe final version of C-F-SozU is a three-factor structure consisting of 23 items. All indicators of item analysis are acceptable. Adequate content validity was ensured by the expert panel (I-CVI = 0.80–1.00, S-CVI = 0.965) and participants. The confirmatory factor analysis model revealed that the factor structure of the C-F-SozU fitted the original scale (χ 2 /df = 2.088, CFI = 0.998, GFI = 0.943, TLI = 0.997, IFI = 0.998, RMSEA = 0.064 and SRMR = 0.043). The total Cronbach’s α was 0.956, and the test–retest reliability coefficient was 0.887. The convergent validity (average variance extracted = 0.517–0.995) and discriminant validity were found to be satisfactory. No floor/ceiling effect was found.ConclusionThe 23-item C-F-SozU demonstrates robust reliability and validity, rendering it a valuable instrument for evaluating social support among older adults with chronic diseases in China. The three-factor structure of the scale allows for a more detailed assessment of the social support, with the scores of each dimension and the total score being of significant reference value. More comprehensive studies may be required to confirm its effectiveness and applicability.

Adaptation of the COVID-19 Stigma Scale to Turkish: A validity and reliability study

Abstract Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has left health workers facing stigma with the spread of the disease worldwide. The purpose is to adapt the COVID-19 Stigma Scale into the Turkish and to determine its validity and reliability. Methods: A total of 138 nurses were included in the study to evaluate the Turkish adaptation of the scale consisting of 13 items. Construct validity of the scale was tested linguistics and psychometric measurements. Results: The factor load values of scale were found to be between .56 and .93. The total Cronbach Alpha of the scale was .82. It was found that the Turkish adaptation of the scale has three dimensions according to the factor design. Conclusion: Turkish adaptation of the COVID-19 Stigma Scale is a valid and reliable tool for nurses' perception of stigma due to COVID-19.

Instrumento para conocer en la Aduana de Nuevo laredo tiempos del despacho aduanero electrónico

The administration of electronic customs clearance requires measuring instruments to know the times of each of the operations that comprise it, as an important factor to reduce the costs of the business sector, especially in the field of imports, whether under a definitive regime; to return abroad in the same state; for processing, transformation and repair in maquila or export programs. The objective of this article is to develop a measurement instrument that captures the feeling of the customs agents and agencies of the customs of Nuevo Laredo about the electronic customs clearance time. The sample consisted of 70 participants with a margin of error of 4.32%. The results showed a reliable measurement instrument with a total Cronbach's alpha of 0.983, and a significant association with a level 0.01 (bilateral) in the vast majority of constructs.

Validation and Adaptation of the Spanish Version of Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs survey (CaSUN-MX) for Use in the Mexican Adult Oncology Population

Introduction. Cancer survivorship in Mexico is a research topic that is still in its infancy. No specific studies have been found on the needs of this population, meaning that there are no validated scales in the Mexican population measuring the needs of cancer survivors. Objective. To validate and adapt the Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs survey, Spanish version (CaSUN-Mx) for use in the Mexican adult oncology population. Method. One hundred and eighty participants answered the questionnaire (CaSUN-S). For the analysis, the study was divided into three phases: content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency analysis. Results. The final version of the adapted questionnaire (CaSUN-Mx) has 34 items and one open question. It was divided into five factors with a total Cronbach’s Alpha of .95 and a value of over .85, in all the subscales (psychological care, comprehensive and collaborative care, practical and information needs, and those associated with effects. Discussion and conclusion. The CaSUN-Mx questionnaire has content validity because it has been adequately linguistically and culturally adapted, and construct validity because of its factorial structure, and reliability, making it suitable for use in the Mexican adult oncology population.

P-458 Development and validation of the fertility lifestyle assessment scale

Abstract Study question Can the development of the “Fertility Lifestyle Assessment Scale” contribute to the evaluation of person lifestyle habits related to fertility? Summary answer The development of the Fertility Healthy Lifestyle Assessment Scale will contribute to the evaluation of person lifestyle habits related to fertility. What is known already Healthy lifestyle habits are important for preparing the body and reproductive hormones for the demands of conception. Malnutrition, overeating, smoking, sedentary life, stress, sleep deprivation etc., situations all represent unhealthy lifestyles. The individuals may also preserve and increase fertility potential by modifying their lifestyles. Despite wide evidence about the benefits of healthy lifestyle for individuals with fertility problems, lifestyle is not systematically evaluated in generally fertility clinics. Current in study aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool in order to determine risky lifestyle behaviors that may contribute to the development of fertility problems of individuals. Study design, size, duration A methodological study was conducted between July 2020- December 2021. An item pool (123 items) was prepared by reviewing the literature and the opinions of researchers and fertility experts. A multidisciplinary team of doctor, nurses and patient collaborated to asses suitability of each item of Fertility Lifestyle Assesment Scale. The Item Content Validity Index varied between .80 and 1.00. As a result a final 46-item Fertility Lifestyle Assessment Scale was developed. Participants/materials, setting, methods Participants (a) who can speak, read and write Turkish; (b) 18 years of age or older; married/single women or men, (c) who have not yet had children, and (d) who are considering having children in the future were included. The sample of this study consisted of 526 participants who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to be a part of the present study. Main results and the role of chance In the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient of 46 items was .865 and the result of Bartlett’s sphericity test was χ2 = 15265.707, p &amp;lt; .001. As a result of EFA, it was determined that the scale consisted of seven subscale. Also, seven subscales were exposed to explanatory analysis: “emotional well-being”, “physical activity”, “sleep quality”, “nutrition”, “clothing/hygiene”, “use of technology”, “spiritual dimension”. These seven subscales explained 71.25% of the total variance, which shows the power of the factor structure of the scale. The total Cronbach’s alpha was .87. The item-total score correlation coefficients ranged between .19 and .57. The Pearson correlation coefficients between subscale scores and scale total scores were between .21 and .98. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the subscales ranged from .60 to .98. According to the Spearman–Brown analysis, the split-half correlation coefficient was .898. Item scores were different from each other (Hotelling’s T2 = 1189.347, p= .000). This scale is valid and reliable for measuring the healthy lifestyle for improving fertility of women and man who unmaried. Limitations, reasons for caution The limitation of the study was that only 3/1 of the sample to which the scale was applied was composed of men. Wider implications of the findings This scale can be used to evaluate fertility-related lifestyle factors in individuals who are considering getting pregnant starting from the preconceptional period or who have fertility problems and apply for treatment. The scale may be easily performed by healthcare professionals and may contribute to improve fertility. Trial registration number Not applicable

Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the Breast Cancer Survivor Self-Efficacy Scale.

This study aims to adapt the "Breast Cancer Survivor Self-Efficacy Scale" to Turkish culture and conduct a Turkish validity and reliability study. The research was conducted using a methodological design. The research sample consisted of 201 women who were diagnosed with breast cancer and had no communication problems were included in the study. Research data were collected from May 25 to August 1, 2022. In data collection, a descriptive information form and Breast Cancer Survivor Self-Efficacy (BCS) scale were used. Language equivalence, content validity, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the scale were performed. Cronbach's α coefficient and item-total score correlation were evaluated to determine the reliability of the scale. For CFA, one of the concordance models of structural equality, LISREL, was used. The mean age of the patients participating in this study was 55.75 ± 11.76 years. The mean time since the first diagnosis was determined as 57.19 ± 63.40 months. As a result of the assessments and analyses conducted, the content validity of the scale was found to be 1.0. After the explanatory factor analysis, it was determined that the scale consisted of 10 items and two factors and explained 47.08% of the total variance. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of 0.73 and Bartlett's test (χ2=484.057; p = .000) value were also found to be statistically significant. Total Cronbach's coefficient of the scale was .71, while Cronbach's coefficient was .73 for sub-factor Coping, and Cronbach's coefficient was .60 for sub-factor help-seeking. Confirmatory factor analysis fit indices were found as χ2/df: 1.59, RMSEA: 0.055, GFI: 0.95, AGFI: 0.92, CFI: 0.97, NFI: 0.92, NNFI: 0.96. It is concluded that the "Breast Cancer Self-Efficacy Scale" for women who have survived breast cancer is a valid and reliable measurement tool for cancer patients.

Adaptation and validation of the Safe Birth Checklist for the nursing team

The objective of the research was to adapt and validate a safe birth checklist for the nursing team. This is a methodological study, carried out in 2021, conducted through the bibliographical survey phases; adaptation of the World Health Organization checklist; appearance and content validation with 22 expert judges; Adequacy of the checklist and validation with 11 nursing technicians. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. The adapted material brought a more robust checklist and the old points of attention were also converted into a checklist, resulting in 19 new questions related to childbirth safety. The expert judges evaluated the material regarding objective, structure, presentation and relevance, obtaining an Overall Content Validity Index of 0.99. Total Cronbach's alpha 0.93. Among the target audience, there was a minimum agreement of 72.7% on the topics organization, writing, appearance and motivation. The manual is considered adapted and validated by experts and representatives of the target audience in terms of its content and appearance.

Development of a postoperative visual function rehabilitation compliance assessment scale for children with congenital cataract: a reliability and validity study

ObjectiveTo develop a comprehensive compliance assessment scale for postoperative visual function rehabilitation in children with congenital cataracts and to assess its reliability and validity.MethodDrawing on the Interactive Model of Health Behavior, we conducted a literature review and semi-structured interviews to create a pool of 36 items. The items underwent rigorous evaluation through the Delphi method, face validity checks, and item analysis, leading to a reduction to 18 items. To assess the scale's reliability and validity, we collected data from 225 parents of children with congenital cataracts. We employed SPSS version 25.0 for data analysis and evaluated construct validity using exploratory factor analysis, content validity, internal consistency reliability, and test–retest reliability.ResultsThe compliance scale for postoperative visual function rehabilitation in children with congenital cataracts comprises 5 dimensions and 18 items. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 68.178%. Item-level content validity index ranged from 0.730 to 1.000, and the content validity index of the scale was 0.963. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient, split-half reliability, and test–retest reliability of the scale were 0.855, 0.778, and 0.859, respectively.ConclusionsThe compliance assessment scale for postoperative visual function rehabilitation in children with congenital cataracts demonstrates acceptable reliability and validity. It serves as a valuable reference for developing standardized nursing programs for these children in clinical practice.

Validity and reliability of the heart failure-specific health literacy scale in Turkish

Inadequate health literacy is common among adults with HF. The disease management process in HF closely depends on health literacy. No questionnaire is used to assess health literacy among Turkish patients with heart failure. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish form of the ‘Heart Failure-Specific Health Literacy Scale’. The research is a methodological study design. The study was conducted at the cardiology clinic between May and July 2021, located in the eastern part of Türkiye. The study sample consisted of 121 patients with HF. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form and the Heart Failure-Specific Health Literacy Scale. The patients’ mean age was 62.88 ± 12.55 and 66.9% were men. Based on the factor analysis, three factors with eigenvalue above 1 have been identified. These model has been determined as x2 = 80.209, sd = 49 and p = 0.003. The fit indices were as follows: x2/SD = 1.637; RMSEA = 0.073, GFI = 0.90, CFI = 0.94, IFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.92 and NFI = 0.87. The scale has a total Cronbach’s alpha of 0.66. With test–retest analysis, it was determined that it had a good, positive and significant correlation in terms of both the scale and its sub-dimensions. The Turkish form of the form is a valid and reliable tool.

Development and validation of the hospice professional coping scale among Chinese nurses

BackgroundHospice care professionals often experience trauma patient deaths and multiple patient deaths in a short period of time (more so than other nurses). This repeated exposure to the death process and the death of patients leads to greater psychological pressure on hospice care professionals. But at present, people pay more attention to the feelings and care burden of the family members of dying patients but pay less attention to medical staff. Thus, this study aimed to develop a scale on the burden of care for hospice care providers and assess the coping capacity of hospice professionals. Raising awareness of the psychological burden of hospice professionals.MethodsThrough a literature review, research group discussion, Delphi method and a pre-survey of professional coping skills among nurses, 200 hospice professionals who had received training in hospice care from pilot institutions engaged in or providing hospice care were selected for investigation. Cronbach’s α coefficient and split-half reliability were used to test the internal consistency of the scale, and content validity and explore factor analysis (EFA) were used to test the construct validity of the scale.ResultsTwo rounds of Delphi methods were carried out, and the effective recovery rate was 100%. The expert authority coefficients of the two rounds were 0.838 and 0.833, respectively. The Kendall’s W coefficient of experts in the first round was 0.121 ~ 0.200 (P < 0.05), and the Kendall’s W coefficient of the second round was 0.115–0.136 (P < 0.05), indicating a good level of expert coordination. The final survey scale for the care burden of hospice professionals included four dimensions—working environment (9 items), professional roles (8 items), clinical nursing (9 items) and psychological burden (7 items)—with a total of 33 items. The total Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.963, and the Cronbach’s α coefficients of the working environment, professional roles, clinical nursing and psychological burden dimensions were 0.920, 0.889, 0.936 and 0.910, respectively. The total split-half reliability of the scale was 0.927, and the split-half reliability of each dimension was 0.846, 0.817, 0.891, and 0.832. The content validity of the scale items ranged from 0.90 to 1.00. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 5 common factors, with a total cumulative contribution rate of 68.878%. The common degree of each item in the scale was > 0.4, and the factor loading of each item was also > 0.4.ConclusionThe scale is an open-access, short, easy-to-administer scale. And which for assessing hospice care burden among hospice professionals developed in this study demonstrated strong reliability and validity. This tool can serve as a dependable instrument for evaluating the burden of hospice care for terminally ill patients by professionals in the hospice setting.

Assessment of Physical Activity During Pandemic Periods: Development of the Questionnaire, Determination of Primary Validity, and Psychometric Properties.

This study aimed to develop the "Pandemic Period Physical Activity Scale (PPPAS)" to determine the physical activity level of healthy individuals during the pandemic period. Research data were collected from the "Socio-Demographic Questionnaire Form,""International Physical Activity Short Form,""Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia,""Coronavirus Anxiety Scale,""Epidemic Anxiety Scale,""Expert Evaluation Form," and "Pandemic Period Physical Activity Scale," exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale consisted of 3 sub-dimensions and 31 items. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the fit indices χ2/Df: 2.343; root mean square error of approximation: 0.048; incremental fit index: 0.955; comparative fit index: 0.954; goodness of fit index: 0.912; normed fit index: 0.923; non-normed fit index: 0.950; adjusted goodness of fit index: 0.896; root mean square residuals: 0.060; standardized root mean square residual: 0.047. The total Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.912 while the intraclass correlation coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.958 (p<0.001). As a result of the analyses conducted, it was concluded that the PPPAS is a valid and reliable measurement.

Industrial Engineering Using IBM SPSS Statistics

Industrial Engineering, Most historians agree that the Industrial Revolution is when the profession of industrial engineering had its start. The invention, the spinning jenny, and—possibly most significantly—the steam engine were among the innovations that helped mechanize traditional manual tasks in the textile industry. These innovations also created scale savings that for the first time that made commercial production in centralized facilities appealing. The factories built as a result of these developments are where the idea of something like the production system originated. Also, it has been proposed that Leonardo Vinci may have been the first manufacturing engineer as there is proof that he used science to analyze human labor by observing how quickly a laborer could shovel soil approximately in 1500.Both the producers and the final consumers of a product value industrial engineering. To improve efficiency, industrial engineers enhance designs and procedures. This benefits businesses since it conserves people, raw materials, time, and money. IBM SPSS Statistics Your firm can easily derive useful insights from your data because to its user-friendly interface and extensive feature set. High accuracy and good decision-making are ensured by advanced statistical techniques. The entire analytics lifecycle is covered, from data administration and preparation to reporting and analysis. Perceived quality, Customer expectations, Perceived value, Customer satisfaction, Customer complaints, and Customer loyalty. The Cronbach's Alpha Reliability result. The overall Cronbach's Alpha value for the model is .581 which indicates 58% reliability. From the literature review, the above 46% Cronbach's Alpha value model can be considered for analysis. the outcome of Cronbach's Alpha Reliability. The model's total Cronbach's Alpha score is .581, which denotes a 58% dependability level. The 46% Cronbach's Alpha value model mentioned above from the literature review may be used for analysis.