Total Comet Score Research Articles

HPLC analysis, genotoxic and antioxidant potential of Achillea millefolium L. and Chaerophyllum villosum Wall ex. Dc

BackgroundMethanolic and chloroformic extract of Achillea millefolium and Chaerophyllum villosum were evaluated for HPLC analysis, genotoxic and antioxidant potential.Materials and methodsGenotoxic activity was carried out on human blood lymphocytes via comet assay and antioxidant activity was studied through DPPH method.ResultsThe genotoxic potential of A. millefolium and C. villosum’s methanolic and chloroformic extract was analysed using comet assay technique. Comet shaped human lymphocytes cells were observed when treated with different concentrations (50 mg/mL, 75 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL) of methanolic and chloroformic extract of both plants. Reading was taken on the basis of damaged DNA head and tail length. Greater the length of tail as compared to head, greater will be the damage and vice versa. Total comet score was obtained from A. millefolium subjected to different concentrations. After a time interval of 24 h both the extract showed dose dependant genoprotection with maximum genoprotectivity at 98.7 ± 12.7 and 116 ± 5.3 at 50 mg/100 mL for methanolic and chloroformic extract respectively. Similarly Total Comet score was obtained from C. villosum subjected to different concentrations of methanolic and chloroformic extract. After 24 h exhibited dose dependent genoprotection with maximum protectivity at 85.7 ± 22.0 and 101.7 ± 8.6 at 50 mg/100 mL for methanolic and chloroformic extract were determined. The antioxidant activity revealed that methanolic extract of A. millefolium showed highest antioxidant activity (84.21%) at 300 mg/ml after 90 min while the chloroformic extract of C. villosum exhibited highest (68.46%) antioxidant activity (59.69%) at 300 µg/ml after 90 min but less than the standard drug ascorbic acid (88.72%). Quantitative phytochemical screening revealed high percentage of alkaloids (27.4%), Phenols (34.5%), Flavonoids (32.4%) as compared to Tannins (12%) in methanolic extract of A.millefolium. While high percentage of alkaloids (31.4), Phenols (19.3%), Flavonoids (35.5%) as compared to Tannins (16.6%) in chloroformic extract of C. villosum.ConclusionThe present results showed that A. millefolium and C. villosum possess a number of important compounds and revealed genoprotective property which may be used to treat several genetic disorders such as alzeimer’s disease in future (Grodzicki W, Dziendzikowska K, Antioxidants 9(3):229, 2020).

Genotoxicity of Copper, Silver and Green Synthetic Gold Nanoparticles in Fish (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was exposed to nanoparticles of different concentrations, i.e., copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), and green synthetic gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs).The administered doses of the three concentration groups were 20mg L-1, 30 mg L-1, and 40mg L-1 each for a period of 14 and 28 days, respectively. The DNA damage in the erythrocytes of grass carp was detected through a comet assay technique. The values of total comet score (TCS) were noted for the exposed concentrations with a significant increasing trend (p < 0.05) and ordered as CuO-NPs > Ag-NPs > Au-NPs. The highest TCS value of the exposed erythrocytes was recorded for CuO-NPs at 40 mg L-1 after 14 days of exposition period. Comparatively, TCS values of erythrocytes exposed to green synthetic Au-NPs at all the concentrations and exposed time were less as compared to the Ag-NPs and CuO-NPs. The study confirmed the adverse effects of nanoparticles on the genetic material of fish cells.

Assessment of DNA Damage of Oral Mucosa due to Ceramic Bracket Using Comet Assay and Mutagenicity of Orthodontic Bonding System Using Ames Test

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the DNA damage caused by ceramic bracket (Clear II, SIA Orthodontic Manufacturer Srl, Italy) on human buccal mucosal cells using comet assay and the mutagenicity of orthodontic bonding system (Transbond XT; 3M Unitek) by Ames test. Methods: In this study, twenty orthodontic patients were recruited from Specialist Orthodontic Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. The Buccal mucosal cell sample was obtained from each patient at three time points-before (TO), after one month (T1) and after two months (T2) of ceramic bracket placement for performing comet assay. The spot test version of Ames test was performed using four Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) tester strains (TA 98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537) for mutagenicity testing. Total comet score (TCS) and damage frequency (DF) were used to determine the DNA damage using non-parametric Friedman test followed by multiple pairwise comparison. The Ames test was analysed by a non-statistical method based on revertant growth ring formation. Results: There was no significant change of both TCS and DF between T0 and T1, but both parameters increased significantly from T0 to T1 and from T1 to T2. Non-statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate the results of Ames test based on the formation of revertant colony growth ring. None of the S. Typhimurium tester strains showed any revertant growth ring formation around the light cure adhesive primer. Conclusion: Ceramic bracket does not cause any DNA damage on human buccal mucosal cells and light cure adhesive primer is non mutagenic under the present test conditions.

Evaluation of the Effects of a 50 Hz Electric Field on Brain Tissue by Immunohistochemical Method, and on Blood Tissue by Biochemical, Physiological and Comet Method

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of a 50 Hz electric field on brain tissue and the positive effects of juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) antioxidant activity, using the immunohistochemical technique on male Wistar-Albino rats. The effects on blood tissue were also examined using biochemical, physiological and comet methods. Animals were randomly divided into three groups (eight in each group): group I: control, group II: electric field, group III: 50 Hz electric field + juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone)/300 ppm. Juglone was applied per day by gavage over 30 days. At the end of the experimental procedure, animals were sacrificed and brain tissue was subjected to routine histologic and immunohistochemical processes. As a result of histophatological examination, the brain tissue of rats with 50 Hz electric field exposure showed severe histopathological changes. The differences between groups were statistically significant according to total comet score (p = 0.001). For the antioxidant parameters on the blood, SOD activity in the electric field group was significantly higher among the other groups, although we did not find significant differences in MDA, CAT activity level.

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of green synthesized silver, gold, and silver/gold bimetallic NPs on BHK‐21 cells and human blood lymphocytes using MTT and comet assay

In cancer therapy, nanoparticles (NPs) shall be applied possibly by inoculation in the veins of humans. This action will connect them with white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs) in the bloodstream before they reach their main targeted cancer cells. However, possible cytotoxicity and genotoxic effects of silver, gold, and silver/gold bimetallic NPs (Ag, Au, and Ag/Au BNPs) on baby hamster kidney‐21 (BHK‐21) cells and human blood lymphocytes were studied here by comet and MTT assays. Here, Ag, Au, and their Ag/Au BNPs were synthesized by using Hippeastrum hybridum (HH) extract. These NPs were studied by UV‐visible spectroscopy, FT‐IR, XRD, and EDX, and SEM analysis. XRD analysis conferring the crystal structure with an average size of 13.3, 10.72, and 8.34 nm of Ag, Au, and Ag/Au BNPs, respectively. SEM showed that Ag, Au, and Ag/Au BNPs had irregular morphologies, with nano measures calculated sizes of 40, 30, and 20 nm, respectively. EDX spectrometers confirmed the presence of elemental Ag signal of the AgNPs with 22.75%, Au signal of the AuNPs with 48.08%, Ag signal with 12%, and Au signal with 38.26% of the Ag/Au BNPs. The comet assay revealed that H2O2 and BNPs prompt high rates of DNA damage compared to plant, Ag, Au NPs, and nontreated lymphocytes, which are represented as the total comet score (TCS). The BHK‐21cells were incubated in the existence of doxorubicin, plant extract, Ag, Au, and Ag/Au BNPs. The cytotoxic effects could be observed in a dose‐dependent mode; doxorubicin and Ag/Au BNPs were more toxic than plant extract, Ag, and Au NPs. It is demonstrated that NPs interact with blood lymphocytes and BHK‐21cells, causing significant DNA damage and reducing cell viability in a concentration‐dependent manner. However, to reduce the potential threats of NPs, further studies are recommended.

Relationship between functional Nrf2 gene promoter polymorphism and sperm DNA damage in male infertility

ABSTRACT This study examines the association of the −617 C > A polymorphism in the Nrf2 gene (rs6721961) with male infertility in a Turkish population and determines its functional role in spermatogenesis in correlation with the impact of different levels of DNA damage on the genotypes. A total of 100 infertile men and 100 healthy fertile men were included in the study. Nrf2 genotyping was performed with the PCR-based restriction fragment length gene polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) analysis. According to our results, the Nrf2 CC, CA, and AA genotype distribution frequencies were 58.6%, 38.4%, and 3% in the control group, respectively, and 38%, 48%, and 14% in the infertile men, respectively. The AA genotype was significantly higher in the patient group. In smokers, a significant difference was found in progressive motility values between the genotypes (p = 0.001). Also, sperm progressive motility and concentration decreased significantly in those smokers with the AA genotype; smokers carrying this genotype were also 5.75 times more likely to have oligoasthenozoospermia than those with CC (p < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between the number of cases with high sperm-DNA damage when comparing the frequency of Nrf2 AA genotype carriers with the CC genotype 16.3% vs. 6.9%, respectively (p < 0.001). These results suggest the importance of the Nrf2 gene C > A (rs 6,721,961) polymorphism in the etiology of sperm DNA damage as a risk factor for male infertility. Smokers carrying the AA genotype are more likely to impair seminal parameters through antioxidant mechanisms. Abbreviations: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based restriction fragment length gene polymorphism (RFLP-PCR); reactive oxygen species (ROS); deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); catalases (CATs); superoxide dismutase (SOD); glutathione peroxidase (GPX); glutathione-S-transferase (GST); Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2); basic leucine zipper (bZIP); antioxidant response element (ARE); World Health Organization (WHO);normospermia(NS);asthenozoospermia(AS);oligozoospermia(OS);oligoasthenozoospermia (OAS); follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); ultraviolet (UV); low-melting-point agarose (LMA); normal-melting-point agarose (NMA); arbitrary units (AU); total comet score (TCS); A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); standard deviation (SD); N-acetyltransferase (NAT2); small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs); microRNAs (miRNA)

Biomonitoring of DNA Damage in Photocopiers' Workers From Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

The study was performed to know about the extent of occupational DNA damage in photocopiers' workers. Blood samples were collected from 136 exposed group and 74 control group. Comet assay was performed to assess the DNA damage caused by emissions from photocopiers. The results indicated that there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in DNA damage in persons working in photocopiers (122.1 ± 60.7) than the controls (56.6 ± 17.2). Duration of occupational exposure had positive correlation (r = 0.793, P < 0.001) with DNA damage. Age had significant effects on the total comet score (TCS) of the exposed group as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings indicate significant genotoxicity in photocopiers' workers.

Polymorphism in GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes influence DNA damage in personnel occupationally exposed to volatile anaesthetics (VA), from Peshawar, Pakistan

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the influence of antioxidant gene GSTM1 and GSTT1 on DNA damage in personnel occupationally exposed to volatile anaesthetics (VA).MethodsThe study groups were...

Scalp Hair Metal Analysis Concerning DNA Damage in Welders of Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.

Welding is used throughout the world in refineries, thermal power plants, chemical facilities, and pressurized containers, and the welders are exposed to toxic heavy metals, electromagnetic fields, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and ultraviolet radiations. In the present study, 59 welders and an equal number of control subjects were assessed for DNA damage in the lymphocytes using the comet assay. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), and cadmium (Cd) levels in the scalp hair of the subjects were evaluated by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results of the current study showed that DNA damage in the lymphocytes of welders (121.8 ± 10.7) was significantly higher as compared with controls (56.5 ± 17.6) (P < 0.001). Besides, the levels of Pb, Fe, Ni, Cr, Mn, and Cd were remarkably higher in the scalp hair of workers as compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Regression analysis showed a prominent association between the heavy metals and total comet score (TCS) in the exposed subjects. Age and duration of occupational exposure had significant effects (P < 0.05) on TCS values. Our results concluded that occupational exposure to welding fumes may cause DNA damage and can lead to important health hazards in the workers.

DNA damage analysis concerning GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphism in gold jewellery workers from Peshawar Pakistan

Purpose To evaluate the genotoxic effects of gold jewellery fumes and its association with GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms. Materials and methods We examined 94 subjects including 54 gold jewellery workers and 40 controls. The DNA damage was evaluated by alkaline comet assay and genotyping by PCR. Results The mean total comet score (TCS) in gold jewellery workers was significantly higher as compared to the control subjects (128.0 ± 60.6 versus 47.7 ± 21.4; p = 0.0001). Duration of occupational exposure had positive correlation (r = 0.453, p < 0.01) with DNA damage. Age and tobacco use had significant effects on the TCS of the exposed group as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The frequency of the GSTM1-null genotype in the exposed group was significant (p = 0.004) as compared to the control group. No significant association (p > 0.05) between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and DNA damage was found. Conclusions Our results suggest that there is increased DNA damage in gold jewellery workers due to their occupational surroundings. Hence there is a strong need to educate the workers about the adverse health effects of potentially hazardous chemicals and highlight the importance of using protective measures.

The Radioprotective Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Kefir against Genotoxicity Induced by Exposure in Mice Blood Lymphocytes

The aim of this research was to determine how coadministration of ascorbic acid prior to the beginning of X-irradiation influences the lymphocyte DNA damage and also if the kefir supplementation to irradiated mice may alter the recovery procedure of lymphocyte genetic material injury. Following treatment of animals with these agents, the whole-body of mice were irradiated to 6 MV X-rays, then genotoxicity activity was investigated by comet assay. Our results show that the Total Comet Score (TCS) value was 1.39 and 1.5 fold less in the kefir and ascorbic acid groups respectively the following irradiation than in the irradiated mice only. Coadministration of ascorbic acid and kefir with 2 h, before relatively to 2 Gy radiation decreased DNA damage in lymphocyte blood cells. The antioxidant strength of ascorbic acid and kefir were investigated by the study of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging properties and also ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Our results revealed that ascorbic acid and kefir show strong antioxidant activity by these methods. According to these results, it seems that ascorbic acid and kefir, as a free radical scavenging capacitiy, protect animal lymphocyte blood cells from radiation-induced DNA injury and genotoxicity.

Oxidative stress and DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal, obese, prediabetic and diabetic persons exposed to adrenaline in vitro

Diabetes represents one of the major health concerns, especially in developed countries. Some hormones such as the stress hormone adrenaline can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and may worsen the diabetes. Therefore, the main aim of the investigation was to find out whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from normal persons have less DNA damage induced by adrenaline (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) in comparison to PBMCs from obese, prediabetic and diabetic patients. Also, the biochemical parameters of oxidative stress (TBARS, catalase) and lactate dehydrogenase were monitored. It was observed that higher concentrations of adrenaline (1 and 10 μM) induced DNA damage in the obese, prediabetic and diabetic groups. In healthy individuals only the highest concentration of adrenaline caused significant increase in the DNA damage. In summary, total comet score (TCS) comparison has shown significant differences between groups, and DNA damaging effects of adrenaline were most evident in diabetic patients. The results of the biochemical analysis also demonstrate that adrenaline exerts most obvious effects in diabetic individuals which is manifested as significant change of parameters of oxidative stress. In summary, the obtained results demonstrated that diabetics are more sensitive to genotoxic effects of adrenaline and this effect probably resulted from decreased antioxidative defence mechanisms in various stages of progression through diabetes. Therefore, these results could contribute to a better understanding of a role of endocrine factors to damage of cellular biomolecules which could be useful in finding novel therapeutic approaches and lifestyle changes with an aim to lower the possibility of diabetes complications.

Bio-monitoring of DNA damage in matchstick industry workers from Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Safety protocols are usually neglected in most of the matchstick industries rendering the laborer prone to various occupational hazards. The present study highlights DNA damage among matchstick factory workers (n=92) against a control group (n=48) of healthy individuals. Genotoxicity was measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the test subjects using a Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis assay (SCGE/comet assay). Our results substantiate a high Total Comet Score (TCS) for factory workers (74.5±47.0) when compared to the control group (53.0±25.0) (P≤0.001). Age and duration of occupational exposure had no significant effect (P>0.05) on TCS value. As for job function, the TCS value was greatest in sweepers (91.0±56.1) and lowest in box-making operators (26.0±25.0) indicating that waste disposal poses the higher risk of DNA damage. Our study corroborates that matchstick chemicals can potentially damage the DNA of exposed subjects.

Antioxidant, Anti-urease Activities and Genotoxic Effects of Terfezia claveryi Methanol Extracts on Human Lymphocytes

Objective: Terfezia claveryi is a dark brown color truffle and has been used extensively in human diet in Turkey. Therefore; it is an important issue to determine their biological activities and toxicity. This study aims to investigate the antioxidant and anti-urease effects of T. claveryi methanol extracts and to evaluate the genotoxicity of each extract. Methods: The antioxidant activities of methanol extracts were examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonate (ABTS) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The amount of total phenolic compounds contained in the extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) method. Anti-urease activities of methanol extracts were evaluated by indophenol method. In addition, potential DNA damaging effects of T. claveryi extracts on human lymphocytes were determined by the alkaline comet assay. Results: UM extract exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than MM extract [the concentration of the substance which provides the inhibition of 50% of the radical (IC 50 ):0.77±0.01 mg/mL, 1.17±0.02 mg/mL, respectively, p <0.0001] however, lower activity than standard ( p <0.0001). Both extracts in different concentrations of T. claveryi caused DNA damage ( p <0.0001) compared with solvent control DMSO. Also, total comet scores was higher in cells which had been incubated with MM extract ( p <0.05). UM extract exhibited higher ferric reducing and anti-urease activity than MM extract but not found statistically different; also activities of both extract were found lower than positive controls of each methods ( p <0.0001). Conclusion: T. claveryi methanol extracts induced genotoxicity on lymphocytes and showed very low antioxidant activity compared to standards. This preliminary study should be confirmed with further studies and in diferent cell lines.

The Radioprotective Effect of Resveratrol Against Genotoxicity Induced by γ-Irradiation in Mice Blood Lymphocytes.

In this study, we evaluated whether the protective potential of resveratrol (RSV; 3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) against γ-radiation caused damages in peripheral blood lymphocyte of mice. Resveratrol as a polyphenolic compound scavenges free radicals. Various doses of RSV were administered intraperitoneally 2 hours to adult male mice before a single dose of whole-body γ-irradiation (2 Gy). To assess the protective ability of RSV, the alkaline comet assay in blood lymphocyte of mice was performed and the total comet score was evaluated. The results of the alkaline comet assay showed that RSV significantly inhibited radiation-induced DNA damage. We observed that RSV protects blood lymphocyte against radiation-induced damage in mice.

Biomonitoring of DNA damage in individuals exposed to brick kiln pollution from Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

ABSTRACTDifferent kinds of harmful raw materials are used in brick kilns for baking bricks, thus exerting negative effects on the health of brick kiln workers and nearby residents. The comet assay technique monitors DNA damage in lymphocytes of brick kiln workers. Blood samples were collected from 150 participants to conduct comet assay. The results indicated a highly significant increase (p < .0001) in DNA damage in brick kiln workers (171.9 ± 62.1) as compared with the control group (101.9 ± 48.3). Duration of occupational exposure had positive correlation (r = .823, p < .05) with DNA damage. Age and tobacco use had significant effects on total comet score (TCS) of exposed group as compared to control group (p < .05). In summary, these findings indicate greater genotoxicity in brick kiln workers.

Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from rats chronically treated with corticosterone: The protective effect of oxytocin treatment

Contemporary lifestyle is commonly associated with chronic stress, an environmental factor contributing to development of various psychological and somatic disorders. Increased levels of glucocorticoids, observed in the chronic stress, induce the production of reactive oxygen species leading to genotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether chronic administration of oxytocin (OXY) 10 IU/400 μL/day, s.c., for 14 days, a hormone presumed to exert antioxidant effect, may prevent DNA damage in the comet assay of peripheral blood lymphocytes of Wistar rats treated chronically with corticosterone (CORT) 100 mg/L ad libitum, per os, for 21 days, as well as, to influence some plasma oxidative stress parameters, i.e. levels of total lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of antioxidative enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Even though there was no reduction in overall number of damaged cells after oxytocin treatment only, the marked increase in total comet score (TCS) after incubation with H2O2 in CORT group compared to controls, was absent in the CORT + OXY experimental group. Furthermore, significant decrease of highly damaged cells compared to corticosterone group was noted. Chronic oxytocin administration thus protected lymphocytes from high intensity damage that leads to cellular death. In addition, treatment with OXY along with CORT, significantly decreased concentration of LOOH in plasma, and increased SOD compared to CORT treatment only. This finding corresponds well with current reports on beneficial effects of OXY in conditions of HPA axis hyperactivity, and supports the hypothesis of OXY-mediated antioxidant action.

Combination of physico-chemical analysis, Allium cepa test system and Oreochromis niloticus erythrocyte based comet assay/nuclear abnormalities tests for cyto-genotoxicity assessments of treated effluents discharged from textile industries

Bioassays for cyto-genotoxicity assessments are generally not required in current textile industry effluent discharge management regulations. The present study applied in vivo plant and fish based toxicity tests viz. Allium cepa test system and Oreochromis niloticus erythrocyte based comet assay and nuclear abnormalities tests in combination with physico-chemical analysis for assessing potential cytotoxic/genotoxic impacts of treated textile industry effluents reaching a major river (Kelani River) in Sri Lanka. Of the treated effluents tested from two textile industries, color in the Textile industry 1 effluents occasionally and color, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand in the Textile industry 2 effluents frequently exceeded the specified Sri Lankan tolerance limits for discharge of industrial effluents into inland surface waters. Exposure of A. cepa bulbs to 100% and 12.5% treated effluents from both industries resulted in statistically significant root growth retardation, mito-depression, and induction of chromosomal abnormalities in root meristematic cells in comparison to the dilution water in all cases demonstrating cyto-genotoxicity associated with the treated effluents. Exposure of O. niloticus to the 100% and 12.5% effluents, resulted in erythrocytic genetic damage as shown by elevated total comet scores and induction of nuclear abnormalities confirming the genotoxicity of the treated effluents even with 1:8 dilution. The results provide strong scientific evidence for the crucial necessity of incorporating cyto-genotoxicity impact assessment tools in textile industry effluent management regulations considering human health and ecological health of the receiving water course under chronic exposure.

Use of ecotoxicological and genotoxicity assays to assess the water quality of the river Cubatão (Santa Catarina, Brazil), as a means of monitoring the water quality of the Babitonga Bay

Use of ecotoxicological and genotoxicity assays to assess the water quality of the river Cubatão (Santa Catarina, Brazil), as a means of monitoring the water quality of the Babitonga Bay

Mitomycin-C Induced Genetoxic Effect in Lymphocytes and Histological Alterations in Testes of Male Albino Mice

Background:mitomycin-C (MC) is an anti-cancer drug against several tumor types, including colon, breast and head and neck. In this demonstration, the genotoxic effects of mitomycin-C on DNA content and testicular tissue of male albino mice Mus musculus were studied.Materials & Methods: mitomycin-C treated animal was injected intrapretonialy with tested doses of mitomycin-C single time at the first day of the experiment. Comet assay was used to detect the DNA damage in mice lymphocytes and the mean of total comet score was increased by dose and time among all treated groups. Results:the histological alterations caused in the testis of mice after mitomycin-C treatment displayed variable changes in both the seminiferous tubules and the interstitial tissue. Changes in seminiferous tubules were represented by hypoplasia of the germinal epithelium and spermatogenic arrest at various stages of spermatogenesis. The most prominent changes reported in the intertubular tissue were represented by the presence of a homogeneous and intensely eosinophilic ground substance in the interstitial areas, congestion of blood vessels as well as haemorrhage. The histological changes were also significantly increased by time and dose.