Total Bone Mass Density Research Articles

Assessment Of Bone Mineral Density And Symptoms Related With Low Energy Availability (lea) And Relative Energy Deficiency In Sport (red-s), Among Young Acrobatic Gymnasts

Assessment of Bone Mineral Density and Symptoms Related with Low Energy Availability (LEA) and Relative Energy Deficiency In Sport (RED-S), Among Young Acrobatic Gymnasts. Energy consumption and expenditure imbalance exposes athletes to relative energy deficiency syndrome in sports (RED-S). The syndrome exposes athletes to low bone mass density (BMD), delay in growth and development, with risk to reduced final height. Female athletes may have menstrual disorders and amenorrhea. Acrobatics encourages lean body for better performance, and judgement related bias. There is information on RED-S among female athletes from parallel sports to acrobatics. Yet, for male, data is scarce. Our aim was to examine the eating habits, energy balance, body composition and BMD of acrobats. Healthy girls and boys aged 12-18 years, participating in competitive acrobatics were evaluated at Ruth Rappaport Children’s Hospital. Each participant completed questionnaire (m-DEAQ) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Participants received a food log, and an activity watch for the subsequent 3 days.Eighteen acrobats participated (age 14.3 ± 1.2 years, males 6/18). Total BMD was 0.938 ± 0.124 (g/cm2) with total body z score 0.4 ± 1.0. Acrobats positioned in top levels in the team had lower total body Z-score (-0.2 ± 0.3 vs 0.8 ± 0.3, p = 0.032), but not forearm (0.2 ± 0.5 vs 0.8 ± 0.7, p = 0.331). No differences were found between males and females in BMD, BMI or energy availability. Males consumed significantly more calories per day (2053 vs 1412, p = 0.008) and had higher % of their daily recommended vitamin B12, calcium and phosphate than females. Among females 42% reported pre-menarche, all of the rest had Irregular menstruation and 66% reported being asked to lose weight by coaching staff. Low total body z score was found in acrobats in higher positions (middle and top). Yet, no similar difference found for forearms. This could be due to specific training (high forces applied on upper limbs). Lower limb training (higher impact, e.g. running) should be considered to potentially increase BMD. Larger comprehensive studies, including more male acrobats are needed to identify unique aspects.

VDR, RANKL and OPG polymorphisms as possible predisposing cofactors of postmenopausal osteoporosis: explorative study in Italian population

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PO) has a strong genetic component. Presently, the published evidence on the association between the main single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kb ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) and bone mass density (BMD) are scarce, mostly considering Italian population. This study sought to determine whether OPG (rs2073618), RANKL (rs9525641) and the VDR (rs2228570) SNPs were associated with BMD in a sample of 139 North-Italian postmenopausal women. The allelic distribution of rs9525641 in women with PO or osteopenia (OP + OPE group) differed from controls (p < 0.05), suggesting that this allele might confer a greater susceptibility to bone resorption. Concerning rs2228570, CC genotype was associated with OP + OPE women, with a worst total hip BMD. Notably, the combined genotype RANK (CT)–VDR (TT) was significantly associated to spine BMD (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this pilot study showed that rs9525641 and rs2228570 polymorphisms might contribute, separately or in combination, in determining BMD phenotype in selected postmenopausal populations.

Association between body composition and hip fractures in older women with physical frailty.

We sought to determine the extent to which higher lean and fat mass as measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry in older adults with frailty are related to total hip bone mass density (BMD) index and the rate of hip fractures. The data are from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. We identified 872 participants aged ≥65 years with body composition measures and positive frailty. Frailty was determined using modified Fried's criteria. Linear and Cox regressions were used to model study outcomes. During the follow-up period, 5.6% patients (n = 49) had sustained a hip fracture. Body composition indexes were associated with total hip BMD (P < 0.001 for all). In models adjusted for age, ethnicity, smoking, history of fractures, recurrent falls, number of frailty criteria and corresponding lean mass, the hazard ratio for hip fracture per 1 kg/m2 increase in fat mass was 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.60-0.88) for appendicular compartment, 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.65-0.89) for trunk and 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.77-0.93) for whole-body fat mass. The hazard ratio for hip fracture per 1 kg/m2 increase in appendicular lean mass was 0.63 (95% confidence interval 0.46-0.88). However, after final adjustment for total hip BMD, the only index that remained statistically significant was whole-body fat mass (P for trend = 0.04). We showed that in frail older women, higher fat and lean mass was associated with reduced hip-fracture rates. Higher whole-body adiposity, however, was also associated with lower hip-fracture rate independent of total hip BMD. The present results confirm the importance of weight maintenance in frail populations. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 898-904.

TNFRSF11B polymorphisms are associated with metabolic traits in Uyghur and Han ethnic groups

Introduction: To test whether genetic variants of osteoprotegerin gene (TNFRSF11B) affect metabolic traits (body mass index [BMI], glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol) and bone mass traits. Methods: We conducted a population based association study to investigate associations of eight tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) of the TNFRSF11B gene with the aforementioned traits in a Chinese Han population and an ethnic group admixed with Caucasians and Asians – Uyghur. The associations between the tSNPs and bone mass density (BMD) were also tested in Han population. Results: We found that SNP rs3102727, located in the first intron of the TNFRSF11B gene, was significantly associated with triglyceride levels in Uyghur population and Han population simultaneously. T allele of the rs3102727 variant was associated with a 0.10 mmol/L and 0.09 mmol/L lower level of triglyceride than C allele in Uyghur (p = 0.019) and Han subjects (p = 0.037), respectively. In addition, the T allele is also associated with a lower level of hip BMD (p = 0.025) and total BMD (p = 0.048). Further, we found significant associations between SNP rs11573869 and BMI in Uyghur subjects and SNP rs3134062 with hip BMD in Han sbujects. Rs11573869-T allele was associated with a 0.81 kg/m2 lower level of BMI than C allele (p = 0.002) and the hip BMD decreases with the copy of rs3134062-T allele increases (p = 0.002). Conclusion: We detected novel associations between TNFRSF11B polymorphisms and metabolic traits in Uyghur and Han populations. In addition, we found associations between TNFRSF11B polymorphisms and bone mass traits in Han population.

¿Se fracturan la cadera los hombres y las mujeres ante los mismos factores de riesgo?

Background and aims Osteoporosis has been traditionally considered as a disease in women. However, it is now known that this condition is also important in men. It is a multifactor condition whose main independent risk factor to suffer fractures, in general, and those of the hip, specifically, is bone mass. Nonetheless, there are other independent risk factors of importance. This study has aimed to study if men and women suffer hip fractures with the same bone mass and if they have the same risk factors associated to this condition. Patients and methods We studied 105 patients with non-traumatic hip fracture and 68 healthy controls. The different risk factors were analyzed, including clinical data, lifestyle, analytic data, data related to bone metabolism and sex hormones as well as a complete bone evaluation. Results and conclusions Hip bone mass density (BMD) values are the main risk factor for osteoporotic fractures in both genders. These values are comparable when expressed in terms of volumetric density. In women, risk factors that determine the appearance of fractures are previous non-traumatic fractures when they are older than 50 years, total hip BMD, serum calcium levels and thiazide intake while in men only total hip BMD reaches statistical significance.

Serum Dioxin Concentrations and Bone Mineral Density in the Seveso Womenʼs Health Study

O-29B4-1 Background/Aims: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a widespread environmental contaminant, is a known endocrine disruptor. Bone metabolism is both estrogen- and androgen-dependent. In animal studies, exposure to TCDD and dioxin-like PCBs impairs bone metabolism and increases fragility. No studies have examined this association in humans. On 10 July 1976, as a result of a chemical explosion, residents of Seveso, Italy, experienced the highest levels of TCDD in a human population. In 1996, we initiated the Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS), a retrospective cohort study of the reproductive health of the women. In 2008, we followed up the SWHS cohort and measured bone density in women who were ≤20 years in 1976. Methods: TCDD concentrations were measured in serum collected near the time of the explosion by high-resolution mass spectrometry. In total, 833 women (86%) participated and those who were ≤20 years old in 1976 were eligible to have bone mass density (BMD) measured at the lumbar spine and femur (neck, trochanter, shaft, total hip) using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. We examined the relation of TCDD and BMD at each site using linear regression. Results: In total, 3250 (82% of eligible) women underwent a bone density examination. The average age at explosion was 10.7 (±5.0) years and at follow-up was 43.3 (±5.0) years. The median serum TCDD level of the women was 74.3 ppt, lipid-adjusted, and mean BMD of the lumbar spine and total hip were 1.01 (±0.13) g/cm2 and 0.89 (±0.12) g/cm2, respectively. In unadjusted analysis, lumbar spine BMD (beta = 0.018, P = 0.06) but not total hip BMD (beta = 0.004, P = 0.69) was positively associated with a 10-fold increase in TCDD. Conclusion: Multivariate results and effect modification by age at exposure will be presented and interpreted in light of study advantages and limitations.

Association of LPR5 Polymorphism with Bone Mass Density and Cholesterol Level in Population of Chinese Han

Recently, two single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs4355801 near the osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene and rs3736228 in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene, were found to be associated with osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in Caucasians in a genome wide association study. In the present study, we investigated the association between these two SNPs (rs4355801 and rs3736228) and bone mass density (BMD), whole body T score and metabolic phenotypes (e. g., body mass index, glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol) in 425 Chinese Han subjects. We observed a significant association between rs3736228 in LRP5 and hip BMD, total BMD, and T score. The level of hip BMD, total BMD, and T score was significantly reduced with the number of at risk T alleles (p=0.006, p=0.003, and p=0.006, respectively). This finding was still significant after accounting for gender and age. We also observed a significant association between rs3736228 and total cholesterol (CHO) levels in our sample. The CHO levels of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 4.71, 4.76, and 5.24, respectively (p=0.031). For OPG rs4355801, the level of hip BMD, spine BMD, and total BMD was consistently reduced in persons with the copy of A allele, but none of these findings were statistically significant. We also did not observe a significant association between the above two polymorphisms and body mass index, glucose, and triglyceride levels in Chinese Han subjects. Thus, our observations support the association between rs3736228 and BMD in Han subjects. We also provide first evidence that the T allele of rs3736228 increases the total cholesterol level in a general Han population.

Correlates of increased lean muscle mass in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Muscle mass plays an important role in determining cardiovascular and metabolic risks in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In addition, whether lean mass influences carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in PCOS has not been assessed. Prospective investigation. Ninety-five women with PCOS were age- and weight-matched to 90 ovulatory controls. All women had dual X-ray absorptiometry for lean, fat and bone mass, and bone mass density (BMD). Serum testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin, and glucose and carotid IMT were determined. Free androgen index (FAI) and insulin resistance (by QUICKI) were calculated. In PCOS, waist circumference and insulin were higher and QUICKI lower than in controls (P<0.01). Trunk fat mass, % trunk fat, and lean mass were higher in PCOS compared to controls (P<0.01), while total bone mass and BMD were similar. IMT was increased in PCOS (P<0.01) but only 15% of PCOS patients had abnormal (> or = 0.9 mm) values. Lean mass correlated with fat parameters, insulin, QUICKI, and FAI, but not with total testosterone; and after adjustments for insulin and QUICKI, lean mass still correlated with fat mass (P<0.01) but not FAI. Lean mass correlated with IMT (P<0.01), but this was dependent on insulin. However, excluding those patients with abnormal IMT values, IMT correlated with lean mass independently of insulin. Bone mass correlated with lean and fat mass, but not with insulin or androgen. PCOS patients with 'pathological' IMT values had higher % trunk fat, lean mass, and insulin, lower QUICKI, and higher testosterone and FAI compared with those with normal IMT. Lean mass is increased in PCOS, while bone mass is similar to that of matched controls. The major correlates of lean mass are fat mass and insulin but not androgen. Lean mass also correlated with IMT, and although influenced by insulin, small changes in IMT may partially reflect changes in muscle mass, while clearly abnormal values relate to more severe abnormalities of PCOS.

I028 Effects of lean and fat mass on bone mineral density and arterial stiffness in elderly men

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fat and lean mass on both arterial stiffness and bone mass density (BMD) in elderly men. Methods This study was performed in 169 French males over 60 years. Aortic stiffness was assessed by carotid/femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). BMD and body composition were determined with a DEXA device in lumbar spine L1-L4, femoral neck and total body. Results Lean mass was positively correlated with the three T-scores accounting for 11.6 %, 26.6 % and 12.2 % of the variability in lumbar spine L1-L4, femoral neck and total body BMD T-scores respectively. Fat mass had no effect on BMD. However, fat mass was positively correlated with aortic PWV accounting for 9.8 % of its variability. Lean mass was not a determinant of PWV. Hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia were associated with higher PWV but had no effect on BMD. Conclusions In males from a general population over 60 years of age, bone and arterial aging are differently influenced by lean and fat mass. Our results indicate that elderly men with high lean mass and low fat mass exhibit the best arterial and bone profile, with the lowest arterial stiffness and the highest BMD.

Effects of lean and fat mass on bone mineral density and arterial stiffness in elderly men

The role of body composition on arterial stiffness and osteoporosis remains unclear, especially in the elderly male population. Our results indicate that elderly men with high lean mass and low fat mass exhibit the best arterial and bone profile with the lowest arterial stiffness and the highest bone mineral density. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fat and lean mass on both arterial stiffness and bone mass density (BMD) in elderly men. This study was performed in 169 French males over 60 years old. Aortic stiffness was assessed by carotid/femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). BMD and body composition were determined with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device in the lumbar spine L1-L4, femoral neck, and total body. Lean mass was positively correlated with the three T scores accounting for 11.6%, 26.6%, and 12.2% of the variability in the lumbar spine L1-L4, femoral neck, and total body BMD T scores, respectively. Fat mass had no effect on BMD. However, fat mass was positively correlated with aortic PWV, accounting for 9.8% of its variability. Lean mass was not a determinant of PWV. Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were associated with higher PWV but had no effect on BMD. In males from a general population over 60 years of age, bone and arterial aging are differently influenced by lean and fat mass. Our results indicate that elderly men with high lean mass and low fat mass exhibit the best arterial and bone profile with the lowest arterial stiffness and the highest BMD.

Beneficial effect of liver transplantation on bone mineral density in small infants with cholestasis

Reports of bone mineral density in children after liver transplantation are few. Eleven cholestatic children were analyzed before and 6 months after liver transplantation. No changes in serum levels of calcium, alkaline phosphates, or 25OHD were observed before versus after LTx. The serum levels of phosphorus and 1-25(OH) 2D 3 as well as total bone mass density and Cole index were significantly increased after liver transplantation.