Total Amount Of Fluoride Research Articles

Concentración de flúor en cremas dentales y enjuagues bucales para niños vendidos en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia

Introducción:el uso de flúor ayuda en el control de la caries dental; las cremas dentales y los enjuagues bucales constituyen los medios de aplicación más usados por la población. Objetivo: determinar las concentraciones de flúor en las cremas dentales y enjuagues bucales para niños, vendidos en los supermercados de la ciudad de Bogotá y verificar si estos valores estaban consistentes con los informados por los fabricantes. Materiales y Métodos: fueron encontradas 17 cremas dentales y 4 enjuagues bucales. En todas las cremas dentales fue evaluado el flúor total (FT) y flúor iónico (FI); en las que contenían Monofluorofosfato de Sodio adicionalmente se evaluó el flúor soluble total (FST). En los enjuagues bucales se evaluó flúor iónico (FI). Para los análisis fue usado un electrodo específico de flúor acoplado a un analizador de iones, calibrado previamente con padrones de flúor después de adicionar TISAB II como solución tampón. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo de los datos. Resultados: el 18% de las cremas dentales presento valores entre 12,46 a 13,93% por debajo del valor esperado para el FT. Para el FI una presento valores del 77% menos de lo esperado, que fue la misma con valores en FST del 48,7% menor a lo esperado. Uno de los enjuagues bucales obtuvo un valor de FI 7% mayor a lo esperado. Conclusión: la mayoría de las cremas dentales y enjuagues bucales analizados presentan valores de FT y FI de acuerdo a la información presentada por los fabricantes. Sin embargo, se observó inconsistencia en la concentración de flúor en algunos productos que puede afectar su efecto anticaries.

Total and soluble fluoride content in commercial dentifrices in Chile

Objective. Regardless of the total amount of fluoride (F) in a dentifrice, only the soluble fraction presents anti-caries activity and its concentration must be above 1000 ppm. No information regarding the quality of F in Chilean toothpastes is available. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the F concentration present in commercially-available toothpastes in Chile. Materials and methods: Eighteen toothpastes of five different brands were tested, each purchased from three different chain drugstores in Chile. For each toothpaste, total, total soluble and ionic F concentrations were assessed and expressed as ppm of F (μg F/g). Results. Among the dentifrices evaluated, 77.8% contained NaF (sodium fluoride), 16.7% MFP (monofluorphosphate) and 5.6% both types of F salts; 77.2% of the dentifrices showed similar total F content to that declared by the manufacturer in the labeling with only five with lower concentration than expected, beyond a 5% disagreement tolerance range. Total soluble F ranged from 958.8–1496.3 ppm (mean ± SD: 1270.5 ± 183.7). Five toothpastes showed lower total soluble F than total F. Only one toothpaste showed soluble salt levels below the recommended dose for this type of dentifrice. Conclusion: Most Chilean dentifrices evaluated contained soluble F within the range of 1000–1500 ppm and, therefore, may have anti-caries activity.

Preconcentration of phosphate and arsenate at sub-ng ml −1 level with a chelating polymer-gel loaded with zirconium(IV)

In an acidic medium, a chelating polymer-gel loaded with zirconium(IV) rapidly adsorbed phosphate and arsenate, which were reversibly desorbed in an alkaline medium. By using a mini-column packed with this polymer complex, phosphate and arsenate at a sub-ng ml −1 level were quantitatively recovered in a flow system. Common cations and anions did not interfere with the adsorption; even fluoride did not interfere unless the total amount of fluoride, phosphate, and arsenate ions exceeded the active Zr sites. In combination with a molybdenum blue method for detection, the calibration based on their chemical amounts was achieved and the limits of detection defined by the signal-to-noise ratio=3 were 20 ng for P and 45 ng for As. Phosphate in environmental water was successfully determined. This preconcentration method may be combined with any detection system.

Biodegradation of Halothane, Enflurane and Methoxyflurane

The biodegradation of halothane, enflurane and methoxyflurane was studied in 22 patients undergoing abdoninal surgery, by measuring the uptake and elimination of each agent and the fluoride excretion in urine. Six control patients were anaesthetized with nitrous oxide in oxygen together with neuromuscular blocking drugs, five patients with nitrous oxide in oxygen and 0.93% halothane, five with nitrous oxide in oxygen and 1.30% enflurane, and six with nitrous oxide in oxygen and 0.31% methoxyflurane. The ratio of the fluoride excretion in urine to the total amount of fluoride contained in the amount of each anaesthetic agent absorbed during anaesthesia was estimated to be 17.7% for halothane, 2.3% for enflurane and 46.3% for methoxyflurane. The serum fluoride concentration increased to a maximum of 15.8±3.8 μmol litre−1 (mean±SD) at 6 h after anaesthesia with methoxyflurane, while it did not exceed 8 μmol litre−1 with the other anaesthetic agents.