Topographic Background Research Articles

High-resolution 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic maps of developing Drosophila embryos and larvae.

Drosophila has long been a successful model organism in multiple biomedical fields. Spatial gene expression patterns are critical for the understanding of complex pathways and interactions, whereas temporal gene expression changes are vital for studying highly dynamic physiological activities. Systematic studies in Drosophila are still impeded by the lack of spatiotemporal transcriptomic information. Here, utilizing spatialenhancedresolutionomics-sequencing (Stereo-seq), we dissected the spatiotemporal transcriptomic changes of developing Drosophila with high resolution and sensitivity. We demonstrated that Stereo-seq data can be used for the 3D reconstruction of the spatial transcriptomes of Drosophila embryos and larvae. With these 3D models, we identified functional subregions in embryonic and larval midguts, uncovered spatial cell state dynamics of larval testis, and revealed known and potential regulons of transcription factors within their topographic background. Our data provide the Drosophila research community with useful resources of organism-wide spatiotemporally resolved transcriptomic information across developmental stages.

Effect of topographic background on sand wave migration on the eastern Taiwan Banks

Observational analysis has revealed an apparent immobility of giant sand waves on the Taiwan Banks, while sand waves on the eastern Taiwan Banks show distinct dynamics influenced by the underlying larger-scale sand ridge bedforms. In this study, the effects of these sand ridge bedforms on sand wave migration and the local hydrodynamic environment were investigated using bathymetric and hydrodynamic datasets from 2016 and 2018. Upon separating the NNW-SSE sand ridge crest, the opposing sand wave migration and complementary sediment loss/gain on either side of the sand ridge are interpreted as convergence processes that serve to maintain the shape of the sand ridge. Analysis of the hydrodynamics revealed that, during the flood phase, the northward directed flow on the western side of the ridge crest was enhanced due to rapid shoaling. This caused the development of a flow shadow zone on the eastern side of the ridge crest, where the flow was rotated and weakened. During a tidal cycle, the dominance of the flood current on the western side of the ridge resulted in northward migration of sand waves. Conversely, due to the weakened flood current on the eastern side of the ridge, sand waves migrated southward in response to the stronger ebb current. This study thus provides insights into bedform dynamics in complex morphological settings and the maintenance mechanism of morphodynamic bedform systems.

Mapping Turin’s Urban Topography in Elena Ferrante’s The Days of Abandonment

Much 1 attention has been paid to Naples as the setting of Elena Ferrante’s novels. But her tetralogy My Brilliant Friend (L’amica geniale 2011–2014) features a narrative frame set in the city of Turin. Turin is also the topographic background of her second novel, The Days of Abandonment (I giorni dell’abbandono, 2002; translated in English in 2005). In this article, I examine Ferrante’s spatial poetics by charting the walking routes of Olga, the narrator of The Days of Abandonment. I approach The Days of Abandonment as a spatial story, a narrative contingent on the protagonist’s walking in the city, on her body’s negotiating a hostile urban cityscape. I traverse the novel’s urban text punctuated by concrete sites––fountains and street intersections, urban signs and graffiti, public urinals and bronze monuments—to locate the novel’s narrative events on Turin’s map. The itineraries that I trace position Olga in a real-life topography that oppresses her body and psyche. This plotting of her body onto Turin’s map offers a topographic lens through which to explore urban space and culture as they inform the feminine physical and psychic landscapes in a contemporary Italian cityscape. Read through its itineraries and urban sites, The Days of Abandonment constitutes a feminine walking tour of Turin, mapping the intersections of women’s bodies and cityscapes.

Introduction to the cartographic and sedimentological study of the coverage of the TAHANAOUT BASIN (HIGH ATLAS, MOROCCO)

This study is carried out on the northern edge of the High Atlas of the MARRAKECH basin. The TAHNAOUT DOUAR SOUR basin belongs to the Atlasic domain which is structured by the Hercynian orogeny, taken up and elevated by the Alpine orogeny, our main goal in this studying is to map the TAHNAOUT DOUAR SOUR basin and to characterize all these geological formations, For this purpose we analysed sedimentary tectonic structures ,made lithostratigraphic sections with description and draw a geological map at scale 1/25000 on a topographic background by used MapInfo platform. As final results, our studying of the TAHANOUT basin consists of two main lithological units: the basement formed by conglomeratic and turbidite deposits (alternating sandstone and pelites), and the lithological unit that forms the cover of the TAHNAOUT basin formed by a red detrital material and, carbonate deposits in some cases depending on the deposition environment, The TAHNAOUT basin is also affected by tectonic activity at the basement and Meso-Cenozoic cover levels [1-2]. Magmatic activity is absent and no trace has been recorded.

CREATING STRATEGIC BUSINESS VALUE FROM BIG DATA ANALYSIS – APPLICATION TELECOM NETWORK DATA AND PLANNING DOCUMENTS

Abstract. Mobile networks carrier gather and accumulate in their database system a considerable volume of data, that carries geographic information which is crucial for the growth of the company. This work aimed develop a prototype called Spatial On -Line Analytic Processing (SOLAP) to carry out multidimensional analysis and to anticipate the extension of the area of radio antennas.To this end, the researcher started by creating a Data warehouse that allows storing Big Data received from the Radio antennas. Then, doing the OLAP(online analytic processing) in order to perform multidimensional Analysis which used through GIS to represent the Data in different scales in satellite image as a topographic background). As a result, this prototype enables the carriers to receive continuous reports on different scales (Town, city, country) and to identify the BTS that works and performs well or shows the rate of its working (the way behaves) its pitfalls. By the end, it gives a clear image on the future working strategy respecting the urban planning, and the digital terrain model (DTM).

Unknown Unknowns in Map Preparation for Historical Atlases

Unknown Unknowns in Map Preparation for Historical Atlases

The Topographic Sources of Defoe’s Tour

Abstract The most important study of the topographic background to Daniel Defoe’s Tour thro’ Great Britain (1724–1726) is still one written by the historical geographer J. H. Andrews in 1960. This article seeks to amplify what Andrews says about two aspects of the subject: the use that the author made of maps in compiling his work, and his recourse to the text of topographic volumes, including atlases and guides. On the first issue, the evidence corroborates what Andrews suggested about the use of maps in the Tour, but it shows that Defoe enlisted their aid more widely than previously suspected in areas of the country such as Westmorland. The discussion draws chiefly on maps by Robert Morden, but also those by John Speed, Herman Moll, and others. On the second point, Andrews tended to understate Defoe’s acquaintance with counties such as Dorset, Somerset, and East Yorkshire. As a result, except for parts of Cornwall, he exaggerated the degree to which the author relied on A New General Atlas (1721). Some other sources that he did not consider have now surfaced. A full comparison between the Tour and John Macky’s Journey is provided, exploring the kind of topographic detail each writer supplied. It remains the case that much of the treatment by Andrews continues to be valid after 60 years, and the article endorses his conclusion that even when we identify Defoe’s borrowings, they do not diminish the importance of ‘a great pioneer work of economic geography’.

The first geological map: an Italian legacy

Although the popular map by William Smith “ A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales with Part of Scotland ” is properly celebrated as the first complete geological map of an entire country, the basic principles used by the famous English canal surveyor were epistemologically founded and utilized by the Italian Count Luigi Ferdinando Marsili about a century earlier. Marsili, “ uomo d’arme e scienza ” (“man of army and science”), represents a vitally important pioneer in the fields of geography, cartography, and oceanography, with farther-ranging knowledge that included, for example, the field of archaeological survey. With his geologic map of the Cesenate sulphur mines Marsili was the first geologist to make the quantum leap from simple mineralogical maps – which report the location and access of mines on a topographic background – to a proto-geological map, wherein the areas represented by corresponding lithostratigraphic units are delimited. If Smith’s map is rightly regarded as an ambitious work for the areal extent covered, Marsili’s “ Treatise on the Structure of the Earthy Globe ” (lamentably unfinished) was by far more ambitious. The 200 sheets that come down to us include about 50 pen drawings and more than 35 water-colored plates. These clearly show how the work of Marsili took radical departure from the classic systems or “ Theories of the Earth ” espoused by British contemporaries such as Burnet and Woodward: in the Italian scientist we find the first arguments on the mountain roots and the observations that, much later, led to the principle of isostasy. In the fields of stratigraphy, regional geology, oceanography, and geological mapping, Marsili anticipated scholarly thought by at least a century.

Placing dots in dot maps

Dot mapping is a cartographic representation method to visualise discrete absolute values and their spatial distribution. To achieve this, dots equal in size and represented value are used. According to the dot value, a certain number of dots are used to depict a data value. These dots usually form dot clusters. The data value needs to be rounded to a multiple of the dot value. It is possible to roughly determine the visualised data value by counting the dots and multiplying this number with the dot value. As there are many parameters – dot size, dot value, map scale – to consider when designing a dot map, the manual way is very complex and time consuming. This paper presents a method to automatically create a dot representation of a dot map from given statistical data that needs no cartographic expertise. The dot representation may be combined with other elements, such as a topographic background, to form a complete map. So the algorithm can easily be integrated into the map design process. The paper refines the basic approach of automated dot mapping published earlier. The dot placement and arrangement have been improved compared to the basic method.

Influence of Graphic Design of Cartographic Symbols on Perception Structure

This paper presents a research that was established by interdisciplinary cooperation of psychologists and cartographers. The research is focused on influence of graphic design of map symbols on perceptual structure. Two different sets of map symbols were presented on identical topographic background. Each of the symbol sets was created by different authors and particular symbols vary in size, structure or colour shades. An influence of cognitive style of respondents was observed too.

Prototypes of Orthoimage Maps as Tools for Geophysical Application

Orthoimage maps have become very popular and frequently produced cartographical outputs in geosciences during recent years. However, the unambiguous terminology, definitions, content and appearance specifications have not been widely researched. This paper deals with the new definition of the orthoimage map, its component delineation, and basic classification. The authors present aspects of topographic and thematic orthoimage maps. The main theoretical achievement of the authors’ research is the determining of the image component and the symbol component of orthoimage map content. The presented orthoimage map concept is applicable in geophysics practise which is demonstrated by three presented topographic and thematic orthoimage maps. They differ according to the relationship between topographic background and thematic content, and between image and symbol component. The image component can be a carrier of thematic geophysical information, or it can be used as topographic background for geophysics-oriented symbol component. All prototypes give examples of how to design, complete and use image-based cartographical products. Those variants might be used as guidelines for future orthoimage map production, especially for the geophysics community.

Improved semi-arid community type differentiation with the NOAA AVHRR via exploitation of the directional signal

Mapping semi-arid vegetation types at the community level is extremely difficult for optical sensors with large ground footprints such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Attempts to use solar wavelength AVHRR data in community type differentiation have often resulted in unacceptable classification errors which are usually attributed to noise from topographic and soil background variations, inaccurate reflectance retrieval and poor registration. One source of variation which is rarely accounted for adequately is the directional signal resulting from the combined effects of the surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) and the variation of viewing and illumination geometry as a function of scan angle, season, latitude and orbital overpass time. In this study, a linear semiempirical kernel-driven BRDF model is used to examine the utility:of the directional signal in community and cover type differentiation over discontinuous but statistically homogeneous semi-arid canopies in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, and New Mexico, USA. This research shows that the directional signal resulting from the physical structure of the canopy-soil complex can be retrieved to provide information which is highly complementary to that obtained in the spectral domain.

Eddy Formation and Interaction in a Baroclinic Frontal Geostrophic Model*

Abstract The authors investigate the behavior of buoyancy-driven coastal currents in a series of numerical experiments based on a two-layer frontal geostrophic model. The model focuses on baroclinic instability, allows for finite amplitude variations in the upper-layer thickness, and includes a topographic background vorticity gradient. Simulations of isolated fronts demonstrate meandering of the frontal outcropping, filamentation, and the development of both warm core and cold core eddies. Eddies can merge with each other, separate, or be reabsorbed into the current. Despite the assumption of only two layers, it is found that growth rates and length scales of the emergent features are in agreement with results of studies based on more sophisticated primitive equation models. It is determined that the cross-front topographic slope has a significant effect on the instability. In particular, a bottom that slopes in the same sense as the fluid interface hinders the growth of perturbations. Simulations with t...

A topographic background symmetry display for comparison with routine EEG

We describe a new approach for assessing EEG background symmetry by topographic display of spectral band amplitude. Asymmetry is expressed as a percentage in much the same way that routine EEG symmetry comparisons are made. Spectral graphs of each channel are simultaneously displayed to facilitate interpretation. This method enhances the use of topographic mapping as an adjunct to conventional EEG interpretation.

IDECAP Interactive Pictorial Information System for Demographic and Environmental Planning Applications

AbstractIDECAP is a database type information system. It is different from regular database systems as the information is mainly presented via thematic maps displayed on a graphics screen. Retrieval of information is usually achieved by means of graphical interaction with these images. The system utilizes interaction techniques and systems software from interactive computer graphics, using vector graphic and colour raster graphic stations for output. The present databank contains data based on grids and polygonal data. The system is being applied, but not restricted, to the Dutch 1971 Census data and the 1978 land use data. It allows the mapping of grid variables against a topographic background. Areas of interest can be investigated in detail by zooming in on a window drawn on the graphics screen by the user. Maps can be adjusted by user‐definable class distributions shown in the form of histograms with standard deviations.

Analysis and mapping of geomorphological processes in environmental management

The paper explains some detailed geomorphological maps of Italy that offer a global vision of the relief forms of actual morphogenetic processes and of traces of those which have been followed in the past and give indications about the evolution of the landscape. The documents are rigorously scientific, but nevertheless for an applied scope they may not be of immediate and easy practical use, in fact the quantity and density of the data can make the reading quite difficult. For this reason geomorphological stability maps were created, deriving from the detailed geomorphological maps, with a selection and simplification of data which make the final document much more useful. The paper also explains the legend of the geomorphological stability maps, where the unstable areas are classified on the grounds of the cause of degradation. This degradation is dependant on the morphogenetic processes operating and rock type, both elements being essential for the choice of the most suitable and effective remedy against instability. The unstable areas are marked by different symbols, while firm and stable territories have no markings on the topographic background. The geomorphological stability maps are presented, compiled according to the legend described, and derived from the geomorphological maps explained previously; the importance of this type of document as a base for environmental management is emphasized. Finally the author describes also two geomorphological stability maps on a medium scale (respectively on the scale of 1:150,000 and 1:250,000) with regard to the District of Lake Garda in Italy and the East Central State in Nigeria. These two documents have been elaborated in the description of interdisciplinary studies of environmental management, for which geomorphology in the dynamic sense constitutes the basic science.

The Maori Geography of the Wellington Coast HOROWHENUA: ITS MAORI PLACE‐NAMES AND THEIR TOPOGRAPHIC AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND. By G. Leslie Adkin.

New Zealand GeographerVolume 5, Issue 2 p. 172-173 The Maori Geography of the Wellington Coast HOROWHENUA: ITS MAORI PLACE-NAMES AND THEIR TOPOGRAPHIC AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND. By G. Leslie Adkin. Roger Duff, Roger DuffSearch for more papers by this author Roger Duff, Roger DuffSearch for more papers by this author First published: October 1949 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.1949.tb01268.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume5, Issue2October 1949Pages 172-173 RelatedInformation