Topics In Last Decade Research Articles

Experimental Analysis of Wall Flow Pattern and Fluid Shear Stress Effects on Creeping Flow Field in Convergent-Divergent Microchannels

The flow of fluids including micron particles in micro channels and manufacturing microfluidics tools have been one of the important topics in last decades and are utilized in different industries. The research procedure is experimental in this work. The experimental tests are carried out on the flow in a convergent-divergent microchannel having 200 $mu$m height. The utilized experimental method in this research is particle tracking based on the xerography technique, observation, record and data processing. The results showed that the velocity of the particles in Y-direction has a great effect on their motion in the convergent-divergent channel. Study of the particles' sedimentation in different Reynolds showed that it can be eliminated the destructive effect of channel obstruction using convergent-divergent channel which is originated from increasing sedimentation in low Reynolds. The shear stress and velocity gradient are two main factors of the particles' velocity in the convergent-divergent channel. The results showed that the shear stress has an excessive impact on the particles' velocity than the velocity gradient. Moreover, besides the upper and bottom walls, side walls affect the particles' velocity. The flow of fluids including micron particles in micro channels and manufacturing microfluidics tools have been one of the important topics in last decades and are utilized in different industries. The research procedure is experimental in this work. The experimental tests are carried out on the flow in a convergent-divergent microchannel having 200 $mu$m height. The utilized experimental method in this research is particle tracking based on the xerography technique, observation, record and data processing. The results showed that the velocity of the particles in Y-direction has a great effect on their motion in the convergent-divergent channel. Study of the particles' sedimentation in different Reynolds showed that it can be eliminated the destructive effect of channel obstruction using convergent-divergent channel which is originated from increasing sedimentation in low Reynolds. The shear stress and velocity gradient are two main factors of the particles' velocity in the convergent-divergent channel. The results showed that the shear stress has an excessive impact on the particles' velocity than the velocity gradient. Moreover, besides the upper and bottom walls, side walls affect the particles' velocity.

Is having O blood type a risk factor for Fibromyalgia syndrome? The importance of nutrition in Fibromyalgia syndrome

Aim: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FS) is characterized with diffuse pain and sensitivity at specifc anatomical points and occurs together with mood, sleep and cognitive disorders. Life quality of the patients was destroyed and this situation creates an important economical issue in the medical care system. According to different antigens placed on the surface of red blood cells, there are four different blood type groups such as A, B, O and AB. To give nutritional recommendations for different blood types became one of the most popular topics in last decades. In this study, we investigated the link between FS and ABO blood types. Methods: In this study, we included 200 female patients with FS diagnosis (according to American College of Rheumatology, 2010 criteria) who visited our Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic between July 2015 and December 2015. The patients’ age, blood group, Rh antigen system were saved. Control group was also formed from 185 volunteer healthy female patients. P<0.05 was evaluated as statistically signifcant. Results: In our study, age distribution of FS group (N=200) was 40.6±10.8 and for control group (N=185), it was 43.0±14.8. In the control group, 58 people was A type (%31,4), 29 people was B type (%15.7), 23 people was AB type (%12.4) and 75 people (40.5%) was O type blood group according to ABO classifcation system. In the FS group, 60 people was A type (%30), 21 people was B type (%10.5), 10 people was AB type (%5) and 109 people (54.5%) was O type blood group according to ABO classifcation system. In both groups, a statistically signifcant difference was observed (p=0.03). There were more O type blood group carrying patients were detected in FS group. Conclusion: Most of the treatments used for FS are not effective. In order to decrease oxidative stress, weight management, nutritional condition, diet and nutrition supplement are important in these patients. To see more O type carrying people in FS group will guide us for etiopathogenesis, monitoring, clinical follow and treatment.

Harmonization of Intercultural Barriers in International Business: Case of Latvia and Norway

Development of international business has reduced the gap between countries and induced the collaboration of individuals with different cultural backgrounds. People across the globe are united trough business unities to achieve common goals. Cross-cultural management has become one of the pressing topics in last decades, but still it is causing cooperation failures. This article presents main mail stones in cross cultural research development, economical impact of intercultural barriers and suggestions for harmonization of cross-cultural barriers. The aim of the paper is to analyse and evaluate cross-cultural barriers in international business environment based on example of Latvia and Norway in order to develop suggestions for harmonization of intercultural barriers. Based on objective of this paper, authors are planning to develop practical cross-cultural barriers harmonizing instrument for international organizations, which can provide them with higher succeeding potential in intercultural relations. Existing researches mostly are focusing on culturally mixed projects, extern intercultural barriers, etc. In this research authors are focusing on organization's intern international relations, like relations between mother and daughter or sister or other related units in management level. Authors are seeking answers to questions like: How culture affects leadership style and corporations between leaders? How the culture impacts international relations of organization units? How leadership style affects employee's international cooperation skills? What is the economical impact of culturally miss leaded cooperation?

Policy instruments and recent advances of the greenhouse gas regulating framework in shipping

The development of a global framework for regulating GHG emissions from shipping is one of the most intensively discussed environmental topics in last decade. In general, shipping is considered an environmental friendly mode of transportation due to its energy-efficiency results. In July 2011 came a first mandatory global GHG reduction measure for the shipping industry. However, market-based mechanisms were also considered, since it is expected that there will be substantial growth in world trade during the next decades. These measures claim to regulate GHG emissions from international shipping in a cost effective and non-discriminatory way while achieving environmental targets and enhancing the sector’s ability to invest in technological improvements. However, stakeholders have serious disagreements about the mechanisms, which seem to bring discussions to a deadlock. The aim of this paper is to provide an inter-subjective view of the current status, based on cause and effect analysis on the conflict areas.