Topical Collection Research Articles

Perspectives on the quality of climate information for adaptation decision support

We summarise the contributions to the Topical Collection on quality of climate information for adaptation decision support. Based on these contributions, we draw some further lessons for the development of high-quality climate information and services, bridging between a “credibility-first” paradigm (exemplified by top-down information provision from systematic downscaling or impact projections) and a “salience-first” paradigm (exemplified by user-led tailored information products or storylines) by looking to identify their respective strengths and use cases. We emphasise that a more nuanced collective understanding of the dimensions of information quality in climate information and services would be beneficial to users and providers and ultimately support more confident and effective climate adaptation decisions and policy-making.

Preface for the special topic collection celebrating the achievements and life of Joe Greene

Preface for the special topic collection celebrating the achievements and life of Joe Greene

Sentiment Analysis of Google Maps User Reviews on the Play Store Using Support Vector Machine and Latent Dirichlet Allocation Topic Modeling

These days, traveling is made easier by utilizing easily accessible online directions such as Google Maps. Google Maps provides real-time routes by displaying and presenting the closest routes that users can take. However, lately, the routes provided by Google Maps services often get users lost by presenting routes such as forests, narrow roads, and even dead ends. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level of user satisfaction and sentiment into two categories, namely positive and negative, based on reviews on the Google Play Store platform using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm and topic modeling using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to find out the collection of topics that are the main topics of conversation by users regarding Google Maps services. The results of this study show that the SVM algorithm is feasible to use in sentiment analysis classification with an accuracy value of 86%, precision of 93%, recall of 53%, and f1-score of 52%. In addition, topic modeling is applied to generate coherence values for each topic, which shows that the higher the coherence value, the more specific the topic is. The highest coherence value generated in this study was two topic models with a coherence value of 35.15%, but this study took five with a coherence value of 33.39%. The five topic models to be applied in this study are selected because they have a good enough coherence value to identify the main topics and hidden topics in Google Maps user reviews with the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model. The topic model shows five aspects users often discuss: Google Maps route accuracy, system and service errors, navigation application directions, lost time history, and convoluted route provision.

The Rise of Tech Ethics: Approaches, Critique, and Future Pathways

In this editorial to the Topical Collection “Innovation under Fire: The Rise of Ethics in Tech”, we provide an overview of the papers gathered in the collection, reflect on similarities and differences in their analytical angles and methodological approaches, and carve out some of the cross-cutting themes that emerge from research on the production of ‘Tech Ethics’. We identify two recurring ways through which ‘Tech Ethics’ are studied and forms of critique towards them developed, which we argue diverge primarily in their a priori commitments towards what ethical tech is and how it should best be pursued. Beyond these differences, we observe how current research on ‘Tech Ethics’ evidences a close relationship between public controversies about technological innovation and the rise of ethics discourses and instruments for their settlement, producing legitimacy crises for ‘Tech Ethics’ in and of itself. ‘Tech Ethics’ is not only instrumental for governing technoscientific projects in the present but is equally instrumental for the construction of socio-technical imaginaries and the essentialization of technological futures. We suggest that efforts to reach beyond single case-studies are needed and call for collective reflection on joint issues and challenges to advance the critical project of ‘Tech Ethics’.

Charged-particle transport in high energy density plasmas

This Special Topic Collection grew out of two gatherings of researchers active in the high energy density (HED) physics community: a mini-conference on charged-particle transport in HED plasma held during the 64th annual meeting of the American Physical Society's Division of Plasma Physics (Spokane, WA, November 2022) and a dedicated charged-particle transport coefficient code comparison workshop (Livermore, CA, July 2023). These gatherings provided opportunities for theoretical, computational, and experimental researchers to discuss the state of the field, including current capabilities and methods, needs of hydrodynamic simulations, and frontiers for future research. This special issue collects a total of 13 research and review articles on charged-particle transport in HED plasmas.

Questionnaire survey for the International Journal of Legal Medicine on the occassion of the 26th triennal meeting of the International Academy of Legal Medicine.

A questionnaire was prepared in advance of the 26th triennial conference of the International Academy of Legal Medicine (IALM) and sent to 474 email addresses included in the IALM mailing list. The questionnaire addressed three current challenges faced by the International Journal of Legal Medicine (IJLM): the publication of guidelines and validation studies in the field of legal medicine, the publication ethics of case reports, and the recruitment of new reviewers for the IJLM. The response rate was 20%. The survey results highlight the need for international guidelines in various areas of legal medicine. Some desired guidelines already exist. To provide visibility and knowledge of the existing national guidelines, the IJLM has launched a Topical Collection on Quality Assurance in Legal Medicine. This collection aims to inform readers about country-specific characteristics of legal medicine structures and the existing national guidelines.Around 80% of the participants stated that there are legal or ethical requirements for the publication of forensic case reports or case series. Various options for obtaining consent for publication are discussed. Eighty-six of the 97 participants indicated their willingness to review manuscripts for the IJLM. It is emphasized that the contributions of reviewers should be duly recognized and valued.

Introduction to Topical Collection: Changing Values and Energy Systems

This paper is the introduction to a topical collection on “Changing Values and Energy Systems” that consists of six contributions that examine instances of value change regarding the design, use and operation of energy systems. This introduction discusses the need to consider values in the energy transition. It examines conceptions of value and value change and how values can be addressed in the design of energy systems. Value change in the context of energy and energy systems is a topic that has recently gained traction. Current, and past, energy transitions often focus on a limited range of values, such as sustainability, while leaving other salient values, such as energy democracy, or energy justice, out of the picture. Furthermore, these values become entrenched in the design of these systems: it is hard for stakeholders to address new concerns and values in the use and operation of these systems, leading to further costly transitions and systems’ overhaul. To remedy this issue, value change in the context of energy systems needs to be better understood. We also need to think about further requirements for the governance, institutional and engineering design of energy systems to accommodate future value change. Openness, transparency, adaptiveness, flexibility and modularity emerge as new requirements within the current energy transition that need further exploration and scrutiny.

Strategic justice, conventions, and game theory: introduction to a Synthese topical collection

Evolutionary, game-theoretic approaches to justice and the social contract have become increasingly popular in contemporary moral and political philosophy. (Vanderschraaf, Strategic justice: convention and problems of balancing divergent interests, Oxford University Press, 2019) theory of strategic justice represents the most recent contribution to this tradition and, in many ways, can be viewed as a culmination of it. This article discusses some of the central features of Vanderschraaf’s theory and relates them to the contributions in this collection. Some of the contributions directly address Vanderschraaf’s work, while others explore related topics in game theory, bargaining theory, formal philosophy, rationality, equality, justice, and the theory of conventions. This collection aims to bridge a gap between disjoint but closely related literature spanning a wide range of disciplines. The contributions allow readers to systematically engage with the topic of strategic justice, advance dialogue, and more easily follow this rich and expanding field of study.

Topical collection “Hadrontherapy and BNCT: current status and future trends”

Topical collection “Hadrontherapy and BNCT: current status and future trends”

Arctic environmental governance: challenges of sustainable development

The Arctic is one of the key regions in relation to global climate change, experiencing radical transformations in environmental governance as well as challenges in terms of its ecological protection. The region is witnessing a number of irreversible climatic shifts, such as melting permafrost, rising sea levels, contamination of the Global Ocean, and changes in the lives of indigenous people. The Arctic is a global hot spot in climate change where international cooperation (scientific, environmental, diplomatic, etc.) should be a priority to overcome existing ecological challenges. This article provides detailed analysis of these issues from cross-disciplinary perspectives, bringing insights from economics, history, anthropology, international relations, and political science from the perspective of literature on environmental regionalism. The article analyzes a selection of heterogeneous actors, many of whom have contradictory rules, norms, and priorities. Analysis of the Arctic through the lens of regional environmental governance aspires to contribute to understanding of the complexity of existing challenges and their potential solutions. This article offers an analysis of the major findings in this topical collection. It contributes to the development of cross-disciplinary approach to the studies of the Artic and outlines a research agenda.

Exposition of techno-functional components of intelligent food supply chain: a review and future research agenda

PurposeThe new technology aspects of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), such as digital technologies including artificial intelligence (AI), block chain, big data analysis and the internet of things (IoT) as a digital cosmos, have the potential to fundamentally transform the future of business and supply chain management. By augmenting the functional components of the food supply chain (FSC), these technologies can transform it into an intelligent food supply chain (iFSC). The purpose of this study is to identify the I4.0 utilization for FSC to become an iFSC. Additionally, it suggests future research agendas to bridge the academic knowledge gaps.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilizes the bibliometric analysis methodology to investigate the techno-functional components of iFSC in the context of I4.0. The study followed steps of bibliometric analysis to assess existing components’ knowledge in the area of intelligent food supply chain management. It further reviews the selected articles to explore the need for I4.0 technologies’ adoption as well as its barriers and challenges for iFSC.FindingsThis study examines the integration of emerging technologies in FSC and concludes that the main emphasis is on the adoption of blockchain and internet of things technology. To convert it into iFSC, it should be integrated with I4.0 and AI-driven FSC systems. In addition to traditional responsibilities, emerging technologies are acknowledged that are relatively uncommon but possess significant potential for implementation in FSC. This study further outlines the challenges and barriers to the adoption of new technologies and presents a comprehensive research plan or collection of topics for future investigations on the transition from FSC to iFSC. Utilizing artificial intelligence techniques to enhance performance, decision-making, risk evaluation, real-time safety, and quality analysis, and prioritizing the elimination of barriers for new technologies.Originality/valueThe uniqueness of this study lies in the provision of an up-to-date review of the food supply chain. In doing so, the authors have expanded the current knowledge base on the utilization of all I4.0 technologies in FSC. The review of designated publications yield a distinctive contribution by highlighting hurdles and challenges for iFSC. This information is valuable for operations managers and policymakers to consider.

Legal Design Patterns: New Tools for Analysis and Translations Between Law and Technology

Design patterns, a concept originated in urban architecture and adopted also in software engineering, provides a potential approach also for translations between law and technology. This approach will be examined and elaborated from various viewpoints in this topical collection, for which this introductory article provides an overall framework. Here, we discuss design patterns as documentations of living practice, which embed legal concepts, rules, and thinking and between internal and external perspectives to law. We argue that design patterns provide a structured format for interdisciplinary discussions and enhance problem-solving and self-reflecting capabilities of legal scholarship.

Participation Experience in Simulation Training Using Holographic Standardized Patients

To develop simulation practice education content and improve the quality of practice education by identifying nursing students' perception types regarding simulation practice education experiences using Holographic Standardized Patients (HSP) and analyzing and describing the characteristics of each type of nursing students' perception. This study is a qualitative study that applied phenomenological methods to explore the essential meaning of nursing students' perceptions of nursing students' simulation training using HSP. It was conducted after obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee, and the data collection period was from October 24, 2022 to September 31, 2023. The interview was conducted as an in-depth interview. The participants were third-year nursing students at a university who received training implemented through simulation using HSP. Among the 14 students who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study after receiving an explanation of the contents of the study, they were the dropouts. The subjects were 10 people excluding. As a result of this study, 81 meaning compositions, 20 topic collections, and 4 categories were derived: 'interesting classes', 'expectations that overcome obstacles', 'models for future classes', and 'strengthening practical skills'. Korean nursing students have already become accustomed to digital culture for a long time, and it has been confirmed that this form of converged technology-based simulation education no longer poses a technical problem to students. If various simulation-based education is developed in the future, it is believed that it will lead to integrated development of nursing education and simulation education beyond the limited clinical practice environment.

Introduction to the topical collection ‘locating representations in the brain: interdisciplinary perspectives’

Introduction to the topical collection ‘locating representations in the brain: interdisciplinary perspectives’

Introduction to topical collection: social science and sustainability technology

Introduction to topical collection: social science and sustainability technology

Risks associated with global warming of 1.5 to 4 °C above pre-industrial levels in human and natural systems in six countries

The Topical Collection “Accrual of Climate Change Risk in Six Vulnerable Countries” provides a harmonised assessment of risks to human and natural systems due to global warming of 1.5–4 °C in six countries (China, Brazil, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, and India) using a consistent set of climate change and socioeconomic scenarios. It compares risks in 2100 if warming has reached 3 °C, broadly corresponding to current global greenhouse gas emission reduction policies, including countries’ National Determined Contributions, rather than the Paris Agreement goal of limiting warming to ‘well below’ 2 °C and ‘pursuing efforts’ to limit to 1.5 °C. Global population is assumed either constant at year 2000 levels or to increase to 9.2 billion by 2100. In either case, greater warming is projected to lead, in all six countries, to greater exposure of land and people to drought and fluvial flood hazard, greater declines in biodiversity, and greater reductions in the yield of maize and wheat. Limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, compared with ~ 3 °C, is projected to deliver large benefits for all six countries, including reduced economic damages due to fluvial flooding. The greatest projected benefits are the avoidance of a large increase in exposure of agricultural land to severe drought, which is 61%, 43%, 18%, and 21% lower in Ethiopia, China, Ghana, and India at 1.5 °C than at 3 °C, whilst avoided increases in human exposure to severe drought are 20–80% lower at 1.5 °C than 3 °C across the six countries. Climate refugia for plants are largely preserved at 1.5 °C warming in Ghana, China, and Ethiopia, but refugia shrink in areal extent by a factor of 2, 3, 3, 4, and 10 in Ghana, China, India, Ethiopia, and Brazil, respectively, if warming reaches 3 °C. Economic damages associated with sea-level rise are projected to increase in coastal nations, but more slowly if warming were limited to 1.5 °C. Actual benefits on the ground will also depend on national and local contexts and the extent of future investment in adaptation.

Editorial Introduction to the Topical Collection: Accrual of Climate Change Risk in Six Vulnerable Countries

Editorial Introduction to the Topical Collection: Accrual of Climate Change Risk in Six Vulnerable Countries

Correlations in strong-field-emitted ultrashort electron pulses from metal needle tips

When two electrons are emitted from a metal needle tip with the help of femtosecond laser pulses, they show a strong anticorrelation signal in the energy domain. Depending on the wavelength and intensity of the driving laser pulses, the electron emission process can be either in a perturbative regime, like single- or multi-photon photoemission, or in the strong-field regime, where emission is dominated by the instantaneous electric field of the laser pulse, or in the intermediate regime. Here, we report on the two-electron anticorrelation signal and how it evolves from the multiphoton toward the strong-field emission regime. We show that in both cases, the resulting anticorrelation signal can be well explained by semi-classical simulations using a point-particle model, thus the dynamics is dominated by the center-of-mass dynamics of the individual electrons. However, the actual emission process of multiple interacting electrons requires improved quantum mechanical models and therefore remains the subject of future work.This paper is part of the Special Topic Collection: papers from the 31th Annual International Laser Physics Workshop 2023 (LPHYS 2023).

LifeWatch ERIC Strategic Working Plan Outcomes

LifeWatch ERIC has embarked on its new destination towards upgrading and (co-)constructing its Infrastructure as a response to the needs of its target communities and stakeholders. Through an industrialisation process, all independent data, software components, publications and other types of research products contributed by the Member Countries will be consolidated and integrated to enable collaborative development. The Technology Readiness Level of LifeWatch ERIC will be raised to level 9. This process is described in its new Strategic Working Plan on its second implementation period (2022-2026). Accordingly, this topical collection of papers includes articles which describe the main outcomes, that is the deliverables of this new Strategic Working Plan. The deliverables published in this topical collection are not of a confidential nature and are developed in the form of a standard, structured template.

Reactivity in the human sciences

The reactions that science triggers on the people it studies, describes, or theorises about, can affect the science itself and its claims to knowledge. This phenomenon, which we call reactivity, has been discussed in many different areas of the social sciences and the philosophy of science, falling under different rubrics such as the Hawthorne effect, self-fulfilling prophecies, the looping effects of human kinds, the performativity of models, observer effects, experimenter effects and experimenter demand effects. In this paper we review state-of-the-art research that falls under the remit of the philosophy of reactivity by considering ontological, epistemic and moral issues that reactivity raises. Along the way, we devote special attention to articles belonging to this journal's Topical Collection entitled “Reactivity in the Human Sciences”.