Topical Application Of Nitrogen Mustard Research Articles

Impaired healing of nitrogen mustard wounds in CXCR2 null mice.

To examine the significance of chemokine activation of CXCR2 in wound healing after chemical burn, cutaneous injury was created by topical application of nitrogen mustard on CXCR2 wild type (+/+), heterozygous (+/-), and knockout (-/-) mice. Wounds were analyzed histologically for neutrophil and monocyte infiltration and for reepithelialization at postwound days 4, 7, and 10. Neutrophil recruitment to the wound site was reduced through postwound day 7 in CXCR2 -/- mice as indicated by myeloperoxidase assay and by visual quantitation. Because there is always concern that mice with targeted deletion of a specific receptor may undergo developmental adaptations to offset the loss of the receptor, we also accessed chemical wound repair in the presence of a small molecule antagonist of CXCR2. Dietary supplementation with a CXCR2 antagonist (SB-265610) during the wound repair process also markedly delayed healing parameters in CXCR2 +/+ mice, even greater than treatment with glucocorticoids. These parallel studies further establish that mice deficient in CXCR2 function exhibit delayed cutaneous wound healing that may be primarily linked to impaired neutrophil recruitment after chemical burn with nitrogen mustard. Thus, there may be a potential therapeutic benefit of treating nitrogen mustard-induced skin lesions with agonists of CXCR2 to facilitate the wound repair process.

Long term follow up of topical mustine treatment for cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESSkin lesions in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) are often painful and difficult to treat. Topical application of nitrogen mustard (0.02% mechlorethamine hydrochloride, mustine), an alkylating cytostatic agent, has...

Small malignant melanoma in patients with mycosis fungoides

An increased risk for a second malignancy has been reported in patients with mycosis fungoides. We describe two subjects with mycosis fungoides who developed small malignant melanoma after topical application of nitrogen mustard.

Small malignant melanoma in patients with mycosis fungoides

An increased risk for a second malignancy has been reported in patients with mycosis fungoides. We describe two subjects with mycosis fungoides who developed small malignant melanoma after topical application of nitrogen mustard.

Topical nitrogen mustard: An effective treatment for cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis

In 16 children with multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (mean age 22 months, range 5 to 36 months) severe symptomatic skin involvement was treated with topical nitrogen mustard (mechlorethamine hydrochloride). In each case, rapid clinical improvement occurred within 10 days; subsequent complete healing was observed in 14 children, and partial healing in 2 others in whom treatment was a component of palliative care. Mean duration of treatment was 3.5 months (range 2 to 6 months). Systemic treatment was averted in 11 patients because response to topical therapy was so favorable, but bone marrow or respiratory failure led to a fatal outcome in 5 other patients. Adverse effects were minimal. One patient developed contact allergy to topical nitrogen mustard after 2 years of intermittent therapy, but was successfully desensitized and was then able to continue treatment. We conclude that the topical application of nitrogen mustard is an effective treatment for cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Although adverse effects were minimal in the short term, there remains concern about the possibility of long-term cutaneous carcinogenicity.

Nd:YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy Does Not Produce Elevation of Intraocular Pressure in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The mechanism of the intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation commonly seen in patients following neodymium (Nd):YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is unclear. Substance P, a potent polypeptide that is released into the eye after trigeminal nerve stimulation, may be the cause. In rabbits, topical application of nitrogen mustard causes a rise in IOP which is blocked by capsaicin, a presumed substance P depletor. In the present study, six eyes of three cynomolgus monkeys underwent extracapsular lensectomies. After 2 to 3 months, capsaicin was administered by retrobulbar injection on one side of each animal, and vehicle on the contralateral side. One day later, Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomies were performed using 31 mJ (total energy) per eye. Diurnal IOP measurements were made before and after the retrobulbar injections and the capsulotomies. Ten weeks later, laser capsulotomies were repeated using 200 mJ/eye without pretreatment with any potential blockers. None of the six eyes, each undergoing two separate capsulotomies 10 weeks apart, showed a postoperative rise in IOP. These results demonstrate that the cynomolgus monkey is a poor model for studying IOP elevation that often occurs following Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.

Remission of lesions in mycosis fungoides following topical application of nitrogen mustard: A Case Report

Remission of lesions in mycosis fungoides following topical application of nitrogen mustard: A Case Report

Sezary's syndrome: a clinical evaluation of eight patients

Clinical and laboratory investigations of 8 patients with Sézary's syndrome are presented. Sézary cells were found in peripheral blood as well as in bone marrow and lymph nodes. The overall follow-up period was 8 years. Different therapeutic regimens were given. The best results were obtained with chlorambucil and prednisone orally, combined with topical application of nitrogen mustard. Three patients died of pneumonia and septicaemia.

Hyperpigmentation Following Treatment for a Brain Tumor

After radiotherapy and chemotherapy for treatment of a brain tumor, hyperpigmentation occured in a Caucasian man. Ultrastructural examination of the hyperpigmented skin revealed melanocytes often very prominent and extending down into the papillary dermis. These melanocytes seemed to be increased in number and contained large cytoplasmic lipidic vacuoles. Most striking was the prominent alteration in melanosome distribution within the keratinocytes. The melanosomes were mainly nonaggregated, as in negroids and were no longer arranged in membrane‐bound groups, as is usually found in Caucasian skin. Most melanosomes were completely melanized and their greatest length was 0.65 μ. An increase in the number of melanosomes was apparent. The present study shows that the basis for this hyperpigmentation is in part similar to that of UVL plus psoralen or topical application of nitrogen mustard, in that melanosomes in Caucasians remain un‐aggregated in the keratinocyte.

Changes in Melanosome Distribution in Caucasoid Skin Following Topical Application of Nitrogen Mustard

Hyperpigmentation resulting from topical application of nitrogen mustard to skin of Caucasoid and Negroid patients with mycosis fungoides and psoriasis was studied using electron microscopic techniques. In Negroids the melanosomes retained normal tionaggregated patterns but increased in number. In Caucasoids treatments resulted in nonaggregation of melanosomes within keratinocytes without a concomitant increase in melanosome size.

Remission of Lesions in Mycosis Fungoides Following Topical Application of Nitrogen Mustard: A Case Report

Remission of Lesions in Mycosis Fungoides Following Topical Application of Nitrogen Mustard: A Case Report