Top Of Tank Research Articles

Autonomous Vibrationless Temperature-Controlled Cryosystem for Optical Studies with a Spectroscopic Ellipsometer

Introduction. Ellipsometry is a highly sensitive, non-destructive optical method used to study the optical and structural properties of materials and thin films.Problem Statement. At the Institute of Semiconductor Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the first in Ukraine serial spectroscopic ellipsometer SE-2000 (manufactured by SEMILAB Ltd., Hungary) has been employed for research, but its measurement capabilities are currently limited to room temperature.Purpose. This research aims to expand the functionality of the SE-2000 by creating a temperature-controlled cryosystem that operates within a temperature range from –195 оC to +80 оC (approximately 80—353 K).Materials and Methods. An autonomous, precision, vibrationless, cryosystem has been designed and manufactured for low-temperature optical investigations in reflection mode, based on a gas-flow cryostat. The cryosystem includes a cryostat, a microprocessor temperature controller, and an adjustment table.Results. The cryostat operates on a gas-flow principle. A laminar gas flow is generated by excess pressure achieved through the heating of cryogenic liquid by a heater-evaporator in the feeder tank. The flow intensity is regulated by adjusting the power supplied to the heating element, eliminating vibrations in the cryostat and sample. The heat exchange chamber is positioned at the top of the nitrogen tank, with the test sample mounted in horizontal plane. Incident and reflected light beams interact with the sample from the upper hemisphere. Sample positioning is adjustable via translational motion along three Cartesian coordinates and by tilting the cryostat with the help of the adjustment table.Conclusions. This system is suitable for use in optical devices that operate in specular reflection mode, with access to the sample surface from the upper hemisphere.

Heat transfer research on the cooling process of waxy crude oil storage in the vault tank based on VOF model

This paper focuses on the static cooling process for waxy crude oil stored in dome roof tanks. For the three phases of gas on top, liquid crude oil, and bottom water in storage tank, the VOF method is used to describe the evolution of physical quantities at the “oil–water”/“oil–gas” interface. The porous medium method is used to quantitatively characterize the sol–gel conversion process for waxy crude oil. A physical and mathematical models are established to describe the flow-heat transfer coupling behavior of the three-phase medium of crude oil, gas on top, and water at the bottom of the dome roof tank. In terms of the overall cooling process,The gas at the top of the tank has the simplest and fastest physical field evolution. It has the most uneven distribution (average temperature variance of 4 °C2), the strongest flow (average flow velocity of 0.4 m/s), the highest cooling rate (0.632 °C/h), and the lowest temperature (14.84 °C at the end). Its physical field is influenced by both the atmosphere and crude oil. The evolution of the physical field of crude oil is the most complex. It lags behind the gas at the top of tank and is directly effectted by it. Based on the evolution characteristics of the flow field of crude oil, the cooling process is divided into three stages: Stage I (0–––10 h) is the stage of convection generation and evolution in the crude oil region; Stage II (10 h − 34 h) is the stage of convection stability in the crude oil region; Stage III (after 35 h) is the stage of flow field transformation of crude oil. In stages I and II, the flow and momentum exchange at the oil–gas interface are significant. Crude oil is jointly influenced by the natural convection of the gas at the top of the tank and its own natural convection, forming a counterclockwise large vortex structure. The low-temperature area is near the central axis boundary of storage tank, oil–gas interface, and tank wall. The high-temperature area is within a range of 0.1 m − 3.3 m from the tank wall. After entering stage III, the flow and momentum exchange at the oil–gas interface weaken. The flow field of crude oil is only controlled by its own natural convection and transforms into a clockwise large vortex dominated. The low-temperature area is concentrated in the enclosed area of “oil–gas interface − tank wall” and “oil–water interface − tank wall”. The temperature field changes accordingly. Eventually, the high-temperature area is concentrated in the area slightly above the center of the tank. The physical field evolution of bottom water lags behind crude oil and is most unstable. Its cooling rate is 0.164 °C/h, slightly higher than crude oil’s 0.157 °C/h. The temperature is always slightly lower (33.47 °C at the end), and the physical field is the most uniform (average temperature variance of 0.0003 °C2), affected by the tank bottom environment and liquid crude oil.

Deformation and Stress Prediction of Tank under Uneven Settlement

Abstract The differential settlement of crude oil tank foundations can lead to deformation and stress concentration, posing significant risks to the safe operation of storage tanks. This study developed a finite element model for a large crude oil storage tank subjected to harmonic settlement to address the issue of non-uniform settlement around the tank. The model systematically varied the tank’s diameter-to-thickness ratio, height-to-diameter ratio, and the wind beam’s relative bending stiffness. The research examined the impact of these three factors on the maximum dimensionless radial displacement at the tank top and the maximum equivalent stress at the tank bottom. A predictive method was proposed for estimating the radial displacement at the tank top and the equivalent stress at the tank bottom under uneven settlement, offering valuable insights for assessing the integrity of large tanks in such conditions.

Dynamic characteristics of high-pressure and high-density carbon dioxide leakage process

The leakage of high-pressure and high-density carbon dioxide (CO2) during storage and transportation can result in the rapid release of a substantial amount of CO2, presenting significant risks to Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology. Investigating the dynamic characteristics of high-pressure and high-density CO2 leakage in storage tank, as well as understanding the variations in CO2 pressure, temperature, density, and phase during the leakage process, is crucial for the design of tank and pipeline leakage prevention. Existing research mainly focuses on leakage at the top or side of storage tank, there is a lack of attention to leakage from the bottom of storage tank. To simulate the bottom leakage processes, a depressurized experimental system with a 0.065 m3 CO2 storage tank volume was constructed. The range of CO2 parameter conditions for filling density is 811 ∼ 998 kg/m3, with initial pressure ranging from 5.72 ∼ 16.50 MPa. According to the change in the slope of the pressure drop in the storage tank, the leakage can be divided into three processes. The closer to the top of the storage tank, the liquid–gas phase transition of CO2 occurs earlier. The pressure shows two inflection points (point I and point II) representing the upper and lower limits of CO2 saturation pressure, respectively. The lower filling density results in a higher saturation pressure, while the higher initial pressure also leads to a higher saturation pressure. The current work can help to better understand pressure, temperature, density, and phase state changes of CO2 during leakage.

Inversion Method for Transformer Winding Hot Spot Temperature Based on Gated Recurrent Unit and Self-Attention and Temperature Lag.

The hot spot temperature of transformer windings is an important indicator for measuring insulation performance, and its accurate inversion is crucial to ensure the timely and accurate fault prediction of transformers. However, existing studies mostly directly input obtained experimental or operational data into networks to construct data-driven models, without considering the lag between temperatures, which may lead to the insufficient accuracy of the inversion model. In this paper, a method for inverting the hot spot temperature of transformer windings based on the SA-GRU model is proposed. Firstly, temperature rise experiments are designed to collect the temperatures of the entire side and top of the transformer tank, top oil temperature, ambient temperature, the cooling inlet and outlet temperatures, and winding hot spot temperature. Secondly, experimental data are integrated, considering the lag of the data, to obtain candidate input feature parameters. Then, a feature selection algorithm based on mutual information (MI) is used to analyze the correlation of the data and construct the optimal feature subset to ensure the maximum information gain. Finally, Self-Attention (SA) is applied to optimize the Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) network, establishing the GRU-SA model to perceive the potential patterns between output feature parameters and input feature parameters, achieving the precise inversion of the hot spot temperature of the transformer windings. The experimental results show that considering the lag of the data can more accurately invert the hot spot temperature of the windings. The inversion method proposed in this paper can reduce redundant input features, lower the complexity of the model, accurately invert the changing trend of the hot spot temperature, and achieve higher inversion accuracy than other classical models, thereby obtaining better inversion results.

Numerical simulation study on explosion characteristics of large vault tanks with different height-to-diameter ratios

ABSTRACT This study employs Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to investigate the effects of the Height-to-Diameter (H/D) ratio on the explosion characteristics of gasoline-air mixtures in storage tanks, and the flow field, flame propagation velocity, and explosion overpressure were analyzed. The research shows that the dynamic change of the vortex in the tank is the key to the explosion oscillation, its generation accelerates the flame propagation, and its weakening inhibits the explosion. As the H/D ratio increases, the peak speed of flame propagation decreases, and when the H/D ratio increases from 0.5 to 0.9, the peak speed decreases by 200%. The study also reveals that with the decrease of H/D, both peak explosion overpressure and flame velocity increase. The maximum overpressure appears near the tank top, and when H/D is 0.5, the maximum overpressure of the tank top is 3.75 MPa. The simulation result shows that internal explosion pressures exceed the tanks’ design limits across all H/D ratios, which indicates that it is necessary to take reasonable pressure relief measures to prevent and control the explosion disaster of the vaulted tanks. The research results provide important theoretical and practical guidance for the safe design of storage tanks and the prevention of explosion accidents.

A new experimental strategy to enhance thermal stratification of solar hot water storage tank using different PCM layouts

ABSTRACT The study examines the effect of different positions and layouts of phase change material (PCM) inside the solar hot water storage tank experimentally. Three similar circular horizontal perforated plates similar to baffles are designed for placing some PCM cylindrical capsules. The thermal stratification performance and collector’s efficiency are sought. The circular plates are considered at the height of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mm from the top of tank. Various conditions including without PCM and with one, two, and three plates of PCM are investigated. The results indicate that the temperature difference improves 37.3% for the single-row of PCM at a height of 30 cm as compared to the without PCM. In addition, during the PCM discharging period, the tank shows better thermal stratification for a single row of PCM at a height of 300 mm. In discharging process, in one or two- row which are from middle or above middle of the tank, the arithmetic mean temperature at different heights is 3.6°C and 2.6°C higher than the water tank without PCM. However, this study shows that during charging and discharging one row and two rows perform better for charging and discharging process. Results show that the perforated plates act as stabilizers.

Study on dynamic behavior and crack propagation mechanism of the tanks in one-step BLEVE accident

A boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) is one of the most serious accidents which generates overpressure and ejected fragments with potential great impact on the safety of the tank area. Hence, it is important to reveal the dynamic characteristics of the axial crack propagation at the top of the horizontal tank in a BLEVE accident. The rupture behavior of tanks under one-step BLEVE accidents is investigated and the detailed dynamic characteristics of crack opening angle and crack propagation rate were assessed through the small-scale BLEVE experiments with variations in tank wall thickness and filling levels. An extended Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model was proposed to calculate the dynamic damage of the tank during the rupture process. The dynamic stress-strain damage characteristics of the tank during the one-step BLEVE process and the circumferential transformation mechanism of the axial crack were explored. Based on an analysis of the material damage and the size characteristics of the tank structure, criteria were proposed for judging whether the direction of crack growth will change.

Влияние скорости воздушного потока на тепловое излучение от углеводородного пожара в резервуаре для хранения нефти

Purpose. The article assesses the effect of air flow velocity on the intensity of thermal radiation from a fire in a vertical steel tank with a floating roof of 65 000 m3 capacity (VSTWFR-65000) with crude oil. The indicators of hazardous fire factors - open flame, smoke and temperature at different wind speeds – have been studied. Methods. The method of numerical modeling in the Fire Dynamics Simulator software package, as well as the method of processing the obtained research results have been used in the study. Findings. The dependence of the flame inclination angle at different air flow speeds has been obtained. The simulation results have been shown: smoke distribution at different wind speeds, as well as temperature change at a distance from the fire source depending on the air flow velocity. Research application field. The results of the study can be used in the development of design documentation for measures to ensure fire safety of a tank farm with floating roof tanks, as well as in adjusting fire extinguishing plans. Conclusions. Based on the simulation results it has been found that with an increase in the air flow velocity the intensity of thermal radiation initially increases and then decreases. It has been found that at an air flow velocity of 9 m/s the maximum thermal radiation reaches 23.43 kW/m2 at the nearest point of the adjacent tank in the projection from the central axis of the burning tank. At an air flow velocity of 6.5 m/s the temperature at the top of the adjacent tank reaches 176 °C, and at 9 m/s – 426 °C, which is higher than the autoignition temperature of oil, which is within 222–256 °C, there by creating a threat of fire spread. The study has defined the maximum distances from the burning VSTWFR-65000 for the safe presence of people, amounting to 47.3; 48.9; 50.2; 53.4; 55.7; 56.8; 59.4 m for wind speed of classes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively.

Acute clomipramine exposure elicits dose-dependent surfacing behavior in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Chronic treatment with clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant drug, reduces symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and can influence the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. However, little is known regarding the effects of acute clomipramine on the immediate expression of stress responses. Serotonergic drugs can elicit surfacing, a behavioral profile potentially related to toxicity in fish, although surfacing has not yet been observed after clomipramine exposure. The present study investigated the impact of acute exposure to clomipramine on basal and stress-induced behaviors in the novel tank test and cortisol levels in mixed-sex, wild-type, adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). The findings show clomipramine-exposed groups (regardless of stress exposure) spent much more time in the top of the novel tank and had significantly less overall motor activity in the behavioral task compared to the fish not exposed to the drug. Then, the dose-dependent effects of acute clomipramine on activity in the surface of the novel tank (top third of the top half) were investigated further. Clomipramine dose-dependently increased surface-dwelling and elicited a dose-dependent hypoactivity in overall motor behavior. There were no statistically significant differences in whole-body cortisol levels in either experiment. Like other serotonin-acting drugs, clomipramine strongly elicited surface-dwelling and depressed motor behavior in adult zebrafish. Additional testing is needed to elucidate whether surfacing represents a toxic state and how serotonin regulates surfacing.

Design of Clean Water Booster Pump for High-Rise Buildings

A sanitary system is a supporting component designed to meet the clean water requirements of a building, primarily for sanitation activities. The average sanitary equipment used typically requires a shower pressure of ±1 Bar. However, the shower pressure can be significantly affected by factors such as the distance from the top tank and the building's layout, considering only the pressure due to gravity. To address inadequate shower pressure, an auxiliary pump known as a booster pump is necessary. The need for a booster pump is determined by the cumulative demand from plumbing equipment, where the total capacity required is 6057 liters/hour. To address this demand, the system employs two pump units, each with a capacity of 3 m3/hour. The distribution pipes utilized in the system adhere to established standards and are made of random polypropylene with a diameter of 2 inches and a flow rate of 0.005889 m3/second. The overall head loss resulting from this installation amounts to 31.62 meters. To accommodate the booster system, a pressure tank with a capacity of 67 liters is employed. The minimum working pressure required for the pumps is 1.8 Bar.

Determination of hexavalent chromium in textiles of daily use by ion chromatography and dermal risk assessment

The determination of hexavalent chromium in textiles and clothes is challenging since during extraction, the original oxidation state should not be altered. Since, as a matter of fact, current analytical methods are focused only on total chromium determination, the purpose of this research is to develop a reliable analytical method for the determination of Cr(VI) in textiles and tissues of daily use for a reliable application of risk analysis models, which are usually based on total Cr data.After optimization, a 0.0025 M Na3PO4 extraction solution was selected for the extraction of Cr(VI) from textiles. This solution minimizes possible interconversion redox reactions and interference, and provides good extraction recoveries (88.4 ± 2.5% - 105.5 ± 0.6 %, according to Cr(VI) concentration) and quantitation limits (0.017 mg/kg), fully complying the current limits set for Cr(VI) in textiles in contact with skin, and for leachable Cr(VI).The developed method was validated investigating intra-day repeatability (n = 10) and inter-day repeatability (n = 30) which were below 12%, and matrix effect which was below 6% confirming the precision of the method and the negligibility of a matrix interference during the whole analysis. The method, which was proved to be suited also for bioaccessibility studies in saliva and sweat, was applied to the analysis of tank top, coloured paper napkin, polyamide tights, panties, highlighting Cr(VI) content in the panties only at very low concentration (0.028 mg/kg). As verified by ECHA and US EPA approaches, this amount does not pose a non-carcinogenic risk for human health. As regards carcinogenic risk, considering both adult and child exposure, the dermal contact with the panties poses an acceptable risk (R ≤ 10−6).

Performance evaluation of a solar desalination-hot water system using heat pipe vacuum tube parabolic trough solar collector – An experimental study with Taguchi analysis

The utilization of renewable energy to generate hot water and distilled water can considerably reduce pollution. This study looked at a hybrid system that used a parabolic-trough heat pipe solar collector to generate hot water while also providing drinking water. The system is constructed in two stages, the first producing distilled water and the second producing hot water. A concave mirror increases the temperature of a vacuum tube heat pipe's evaporator area and the condenser of the heat pipe, which is directly connected to the desalination system's saltwater tank. To improve the amount of drinking water generated and to transfer thermal energy to the hot water generation system, a condenser region at the top of the saltwater tank, as well as multiple heat pipes, were employed. The effect of the water flow rate (200, 300, 400 and 500 ml/min), number of heat pipes (0, 1, 2 and 4), and the filling porous medium (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 m) of the vacuum tube on the system performance were evaluated. In addition, Taguchi-Based design of experiments was used to determine the effect of independent input parameters on the energy and efficiency of the system. The results showed that the effects of water flow rate, porous medium length, and number of heat pipes on the energy efficiency were approximately 50.89%, 26.53%, and 20.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the cost of distilled water and the cost of hot water were approximately 0.0380 $/L and 1.01 $/m3, respectively. Additionally, the highest daily productivity of the system (4940 ml/day) was obtained with a water flow rate of 200 ml/min, a length of porous media of 0.6 m, and four heat pipes. The CO2 emission reduction based on the environmental and enviroexergoeconomic parameters of the proposed systems ware improved by 37.5% and 268.4%, respectively, resulting in returns of approximately $358.1 and $260.5, respectively.

Multiprocess Control using PLC

Abstract: In this project, the pressure and flow control are given by placing a digital flow meter between pipelines in addition to connecting a pressure transmitter to the tank's top. Pressure flow will be converted into an analogue signal via the pressure transmitter. With the aid of a pneumatic control valve that is activated by the I/P converter, the pressure and flow can be adjusted and monitored by the PLC in accordance with the setpoint. PLC is used throughout the system to communicate with the automation system.

Estimation of the tip-height of mixing jet issuing from a nozzle by one-dimensional droplet model

This study newly proposes a one-dimensional droplet model to estimate the jet-tip height of a subcooling mixing jet issuing from the bottom to the top of tank. Cryogenic liquids, such as liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, are used as propellants and oxidants in spacecraft propulsion systems that require long-term storage in a closed tank. However, thermal stratification forms near the gas–liquid interface during long-term storage of cryogens due to heat flowing into the tank from the surrounding environment. In addition, boil-off gas (BOG) is generated from the interface, which causes increased pressure in the tank. To reduce the BOG, it is effective to destroy the thermal stratification by mixing in the cold jet issuing from the bottom of the tank. In this case, the tip-height of mixing jet issuing from the bottom of the tank is an important factor for mixing performance. Ground experiments using FC-72 and water as test fluids are conducted to investigate the jet behavior which is visualized using the Shadowgraph system. The height of the jet-tip is investigated under various experimental conditions, and the experimental results compared to the proposed one-dimensional spherical droplet model as the tip of the jet. The proposed model is also verified by comparison with experimental data available in the literature. The results show that the proposed model aligns well with the experimental data.

Visitors

Visitors Monica Macansantos (bio) His eyes lingered on Dina's mouth as she bit into her filet mignon, but she chose to ignore him because it was the only way she could finish her meal. He chose a different restaurant each time, but his request remained the same: he'd take her to a fancy restaurant and foot the bill, and then sit back as he watched her eat. Today, he had taken her to a steakhouse at Houston's Galleria, and as tourists outside took selfies against a background of shimmering water cascading down a high twisting wall, their maître d' led them to a table near the window, plucking a plastic "Reserved" sign from its crisp tablecloth before handing them their menus. After they took their seats, Duc raised an index finger, his signal that he was in charge. "One filet mignon, and a glass of Australian malbec, for her," he said, lifting his palm towards her, as though to cradle an invisible offering. "I'll have a glass of malbec too." When their waiter left, she glanced at the window, her eyes drawn to the golden curtain of water outside that streamed downwards, towards an invisible underground pool. When she glanced at him, he was also looking out the window, too absorbed to notice her gaze. Maybe he was watching the girl in a frilled Quinceañera dress who pulled her ruffled skirt over her knees as she strode to the watery wall, as a young man, maybe her older brother, held a camera to his chest, waiting for her to find the right spot. The girl's face glistened with sweat as she followed her brother's directions, raising her chubby arm in the air and lifting her face toward it, like a queen, or maybe a startled fairy. What was Duc thinking as he watched this girl strike pose after pose before turning to the camera, baring her teeth hesitantly as she smiled? Dina knew he wasn't one for small talk, and yet her thoughts circled around the silence that fell between them, straining against it before finally falling away. Her steak was served, and their wine glasses were filled. He watched her as she loosened the knot of her napkin roll, revealing a fork and knife she held in her left hand as she draped her napkin over her skirt. She had dressed nicely for this occasion, pairing a gold ballerina tank top with a ruffled chiffon skirt, its pattern of faded roses spreading on her lap like a faint yet exuberant bouquet. It was a gift from a former john who took [End Page 136] her to outlet malls after she'd serve him breakfast in bed, naked. She had forgotten to bring a sweater with her, not expecting to feel this cold; they hadn't seen each other in almost a year, and she had forgotten how cold it usually was at these posh restaurants. As she rubbed her arms, he smiled and asked, "Are you cold?" She nodded like a child, and he eased his blazer from his shoulders, lifting it by the collar as he rose. Draping it over her shoulders, he said, "I don't want you to be uncomfortable." As he returned to his seat, she fingered its collar, noting its softness as she inhaled the deep, woody scent of his cologne. "You don't like my jacket?" he asked, as he brought his wine glass to his lips. "Thank you," she hurriedly said, taking her fork and knife and holding them in her hands, like a conductor pausing to collect herself before her performance began. _____ They met at her old job in a midtown bar that attracted an assortment of yuppies, college students, and lone drinkers who'd sit right in front of her and watch her breasts jiggle as she mixed drinks behind the bar. Duc ordered scotch on the rocks, and his gentle, appraising eyes made her think of Tony Leung from In the Mood for Love, except his hair wasn't slicked back but fell in graying curls over his forehead. Crow's feet formed at the corners of his eyes...

Potus by Selina Fillinger, and: For Colored Girls … by Ntozake Shange (review)

Reviewed by: Potus by Selina Fillinger, and: For Colored Girls … by Ntozake Shange Sonja Arsham Kuftinec POTUS. By Selina Fillinger. Directed by Susan Stroman. Shubert Theatre, New York. May 7, 2022. for COLORED GIRLS… By Ntozake Shange. Directed and Choreographed by Camille A. Brown. Booth Theatre, New York. May 8, 2022. How does feminism perform on Broadway in the wake of Covid cautions, Supreme Court throw-downs, and challenges to “White American Theatre?” Two plays staged in neighboring theatres [End Page 89] offer some insights: the premiere of 28-year-old Selina Fillinger’s comedy POTUS, or Behind Every Great Dumbass Are Seven Women Trying to Keep Him Alive, and a revival of Ntozake Shange’s 1976 choreopoem for colored girls who have considered suicide / when the rainbow is enuf. Both productions featured seven-woman ensembles helmed by Tony-nominated director-choreographers. But where POTUS worked within the conventions of farce to critique the narcissistic and obtuse dimensions of presidential power and illuminate its less visible networks of female support, for colored girls reanimated a radical-spirituality-infused poetics that centered Black and brown women’s bodies supporting each other. Click for larger view View full resolution POTUS cast featuring (left to right) Vanessa Williams (Margaret), (Chris) Lili Cooper, Rachel Dratch (Stephanie), Julie White (Harriet), Julianna Hough (Dusty), and Suzy Nakamura (Jean). Photo: Paul Kolnik. The Shubert production of POTUS connected to a Girl Boss energy in which “Bitch” playlists and power poses both animated and punctured the idea of empowerment. Mask requirements for audiences could not stifle the exuberance prompted by preshow pop songs featuring Annie Lennox and Pat Benatar, establishing a sonically energetic rather than visually specific orientation to the production. The curtain then rose on a White House setting (delightfully designed by Beowulf Boritt) that felt masculine and patriarchal: heavy wooden furniture and gold drapes flanked by portraits of a uniformed General Eisenhower and Roosevelt Rough Riders on dusty horseback. Executive power represented as sturdy warrior energy. Press Secretary Jean (Suzy Nakamura) punctured that energy linguistically with a four-letter word for female anatomy—launching the play’s action through a high-stakes exchange with harried Chief of Staff Harriet (a sneaker-clad Julie White). The linguistic transgression also set in motion one of many crisis-driven plot points. In this case, the President had publicly used the derogatory term to reference First Lady Margaret (a gutsy stiletto-Croc-clad Vanessa Williams). Opening the play with a shocking slur also launched a dynamic of rule-bending within the rule-keeping conventions of farce: bawdy bodies breaking boundaries of restraint while ultimately sustaining the status quo. And Fillinger’s script crafts these women’s bodies as excessive. They leak breast milk in the Press Room (Lilli Cooper’s Chris, a journalist hunting for a scoop), smuggle drugs into the White House (Lea Delaria’s deliciously grungy Bernadette, the President’s sister), and vomit blue slushies into a vase (Julianne Hough’s Dusty, the President’s pregnant girlfriend). In the most memorable sustained performance of excess, former SNL star Rachel Dratch’s buttoned-up secretary character, Stephanie, lets loose after consuming hallucinogenic pills she [End Page 90] thought were Tums. The accidental ingestion led to a second act unraveling that concluded with a bloodied Stephanie surfing scenes in a pink plastic pool ring, clad only in granny panties, silken tank top, and Post-It notes. This liberatory energy of excess pressed against a dramaturgy of containment—of crises, secrets and gaffes, as well as pregnant, criminal, and possibly dead bodies. The plot also details the daily labor of propping up this unnamed POTUS “dumbass.” As Harriet intones, “Today began with calling his wife ‘cunty’ while in the Diplomatic Room.” Indeed, as the women’s capacity for problem-solving unfolded several characters remarked to others, “You should be president!” An intriguing dynamic emerged with the production illuminating the hidden details of manipulated narratives required to prop up this problematic president. The private becomes public and support figures take center stage. At the same time, even characters who function as agents of chaos emerge as savvier than they at first appeared. Defined initially by her status as the pregnant, rural, slushy...

Study on heat flow transfer characteristics and main influencing factors of waxy crude oil tank during storage heating process under dynamic thermal conditions

In response to the energy conservation and emission reduction targets proposed by China's Fourteenth Five-Year Plan, it is necessary for oilfield enterprises to achieve the purpose of reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions of crude oil storage under the premise of ensuring safe production of oil depots. As the preferred oil storage facility for crude oil depots, the internal heat flow transmission process of storage tanks plays a vital role in the overall energy consumption of oil depots. In this paper, a three-dimensional theoretical model of the heating process of large waxy crude oil tank storage is established, and the influence law of the circumferential effect of the coil on the heating process of waxy crude oil is put forward. The external environment influence area, the internal temperature rise heat flow influence area and the transition area are put forward. The multi-nonlinear regression method is innovatively used to establish the main influencing factor model for each influence area so as to realize the quantitative characterization of the influence mechanism between the heat flux at the tank boundary and the dynamic thermal environment and the variable physical properties parameters of crude oil. The results show that the convective heat transfer of oil in the tank bottom area is greatly influenced by the circumferential effect of the coil, and the circumferential effect of the coil is enhanced with the gradual proximity of the coils on both sides, and the low temperature area at the tank bottom is obviously improved. The heat loss of the storage tank is mainly concentrated at the boundary of the tank. According to the change of heat flux in each boundary area, the external environment influence area, the internal heating heat flow influence area and the transition area are divided. Among them, the top of the storage tank forms an external environmental impact area dominated by solar radiation heat transfer, supplemented by natural convection of temperature difference, and the bottom of the storage tank forms an external soil impact area dominated by heat conduction to the external soil. Due to the effect of the thermal insulation layer, the influence of the external dynamic thermal environment on the position of the tank wall is weakened, and only the influence area of the internal temperature rise heat flow dominated by the natural convection of crude oil is formed. At the same time, there is a transition area with different thickness between the internal and external influence areas, which is affected by the external dynamic thermal boundary conditions and the physical properties of crude oil. The internal heat transfer direction is different, which causes the influence weight of each factor to fluctuate, and with the reduction of the external dynamic thermal environment, the transition area becomes the external condition influence area.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM PLAMBING PADA BANGUNAN WISMA MESS SEPOLWAN CIPUTAT

The construction of high-rise buildings in big cities is currently increasing rapidly, before the building is built, it is necessary to plan a plumbing system to meet the needs of water supply for daily needs in buildings and waste water disposal. In planning the plumbing of Wisma Mess Sepolwan 3 floors, the need for clean water is 28.92 m3/day, the GWT (Ground Water Tank) bottom tank capacity is 6.5 m3/day, the top tank capacity (Roof Tank) is 5.4 m3/day and the sewer tank 25 m3/day.The transfer of clean water from the ground water tank to the top water tank (roof tank) uses a transfer pump with a capacity of 5.4 m3/minute, pump head of 39.64 m. Fordistribution of clean water on 3 floors using a pressure booster pump with a capacity of 0.16 m3/minute and a pump head of 10.3 m.Transfer of clean water from the bottom water tank (Ground Water Tank) to the top water tank (Roof Tank) using a pipe size of 40 mm. The design of the diameter of the clean water distribution pipe for each floor gets a size of 150 mm diameter of the main pipe / water main pipe and 50 mm per floor.The design of the diameter of the sewerage pipe from (closet and toilet) size to the standpipe for each floor is 100 mm and the diameter of the riser standpipe is 150 mm. The design of the diameter of the waste water pipe from (hand sinks and traps) to the size of the standpipe for each floor is 80 mm and the diameter of the riser standpipe is 100 mm. The design of the vent pipe diameter for the size of the standpipe for each floor is 50 mm and the diameter of the riser standpipe is 80 mm

TEXTURES: The History and Art of Black Hair

TEXTURES: The History and Art of Black Hair