This study aimed to analyze and compare three-dimensional volumetric bone changes and stability of simultaneously placed dental implants following sinus augmentation using deproteinized human demineralized tooth matrix (dpDTM) and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM). Twenty-four patients who required lateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation with simultaneous dental implant placement were randomly assigned to receive either dpDTM (n = 12) or DBBM (n = 12). Cone-beam computed tomography and resonance frequency analysis of implant stability were conducted immediately after surgery and 6 months postoperatively. Changes in the graft sinus floor and graft height volumes in the sagittal and coronal views, along with the implant stability quotient (ISQ), were analyzed and compared. Volumetric graft alteration was comparable between dpDTM (120.33 ± 77.48 mm3) and DBBM (108.51 ± 65.15 mm3) (p = 0.690). Reduction in the average graft height was also comparable: dpDTM group ranged from - 0.59 to - 0.93mm and the DBBM group ranged from - 0.55 to - 0.82mm (p > 0.05) at most examined levels. However, greater reduction in the mesial-graft height occurred in the dpDTM group (- 1.08 ± 0.70mm vs. -0.58 ± 0.39mm, p = 0.04). The ISQ values increased similarly in both groups to reach 70 at 6 months. dpDTM demonstrated comparable stability in graft volume and height during the healing process compared to DBBM and could serve as a viable alternative to DBBM for sinus floor augmentation with simultaneous implant placement.