Tooth Loss In Children Research Articles

Effectiveness of traditional band and loop space maintainer vs 3D-printed space maintainer following the loss of primary teeth: a randomized clinical trial

This study evaluates the efficacy of 3D-printed band and loop space maintainers (3D-BLSMs) to mitigate concerns caused by early primary tooth loss in children when compared to their conventional equivalents. Over 9 months, 62 participants aged 6 to 12 years participated in a randomized clinical study. This study evaluated their failure rates (de-cementation, debonding, solder breakage, loop breakage, band breakage, and abutment tooth fracture), gingival health, and patient overall satisfaction. Random assignments were made to place the participants in two groups: traditional band and loop space maintainers or the 3D-BLSMs. The findings show that at 9 months, 3D-BLSMs provided significantly higher survival rates (77.4%) than conventional maintainers (51.6%, p < 0.01). Gum inflammation was mild in both groups, highlighting the need for good oral hygiene. In both groups, patient satisfaction exceeded 90%. Although there was some pain at first with 3D-BLSMs, this eventually subsided and aesthetic preferences disappeared. There were no negative consequences noted, and both groups needed ongoing dental treatment. In conclusion, with excellent patient satisfaction in both groups, 3D-printed space maintainers offer greater long-term durability in reducing dental concerns following early primary tooth loss.

Smile Revival: Hollywood Bridge Appliance for the Esthetic Rehabilitation in a Preschooler

Dental caries affects people of all ages, often leading to early loss of teeth in children. Early childhood caries starts with the primary maxillary anterior teeth, then primary molars, with about 48% of preschoolers experiencing it worldwide. Rehabilitating a young child with multiple missing teeth due to caries or trauma is a challenging task for any pediatric dentist. Parents often seek aesthetic treatments to preserve their child's appearance and boost their self-confidence. In this case report, a 41⁄2-year-old girl was given a fixed Hollywood bridge appliance, enhancing her appearance, speech, and function while preventing harmful oral habits and boosting her confidence.

Review on risk factors associated with childhood caries

Caries, also known as tooth decay or worm's tooth, is a disease of the oral cavity caused by multiple factors. It is one of the most common diseases of humans worldwide, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified it as one of "three major diseases affecting human health" along with tumors and cardiovascular disease. Genetics, the environment, and microorganisms all play a role in the development of its diseases. Caries is the leading cause of tooth loss in children, with a prevalence that is five times higher than that of asthma. It lowers adult life quality by causing pain in the teeth, spoiling their appearance, and making it difficult to replace missing teeth. Preventing and controlling a condition like childhood caries requires an understanding of the elements that contribute to it. This research will conduct a systematic literature review to examine the potential causes of caries in younger children.

PREVALENCE AND IMPACT OF DENTOALVEOLAR TRAUMA IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

The study addresses the prevalence and impact of dentoalveolar traumas in children and adolescents. These traumas rank second among the most common accidents in this age group and are gaining increasing global attention due to associated physical and psychological implications. Detailed clinical assessment, along with radiographic examinations, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and the selection of appropriate treatment. Dental traumas often affect the supporting dental tissues, with varying degrees of severity, ranging from subtle cracks in the dental enamel to more severe injuries such as luxations and avulsions, which can also involve damage to surrounding bone structures. These traumas are one of the main causes of tooth loss in children, especially the upper anterior teeth, with a wide variation in incidence. Causes range from accidental falls to sports activities and other events. For rapid and accurate diagnosis, it is important to conduct a methodical assessment of patients, considering incident details and possible associated symptoms. Proper treatment performed by dental surgeons is crucial to prevent irreversible damage. The study also discusses the classification of traumatic dental injuries, encompassing different types of fractures and displacements, both in dental tissues and supporting structures. Pulp necrosis is one of the main consequences of these traumas, which can have aesthetic, psychological, and social impacts, in addition to implying significant costs. Immediate care is important, but long-term follow-up is often necessary. In summary, the study emphasizes the importance of dentoalveolar traumas in children and adolescents, highlighting their prevalence, classification, and implications. It also underscores the need for proper diagnosis and treatment, as well as the importance of long-term follow-up to minimize the adverse effects of these injuries.

One phase prosthetic and orthodontic treatment in children: Case study

Background: Dental trauma in children is reported about 25–33%. Besides dental trauma, children are also at high risk for malocclusion. The prevalence of malocclusion in children was reported as 39% in children and 93% in adolescents. If the patient has malocclusion and a history of tooth loss due to trauma at the same time, there is often a dilemma as to which treatment should be prioritized. This case report will combine the Prosthetic phase and the orthodontic phase at the same time. Case reports regarding denture-modified removable orthodontic appliances in children have so far not been found. Case Report: An 11-year-old boy came with his mother to pediatric dentistry department at Universitas Airlangga with the chief complaint of missing teeth due to extraction at the dentist two years ago due to trauma. On intraoral clinical examination, it was found missing 11, crossbite 21 with 31 and 32. Case Management: Patients were planned treatment of malocclusion with removable orthodontic appliances added with riding pontic 11. Discussion: Tooth loss in children will affect speech, eating, and self-confidence. Several authors have reported appliance modifications and reported satisfactory results. During malocclusion treatment, dentures may not provide optimal aesthetic results. However, the advantages provided by the presence of dentures during the treatment of malocclusion are considered to be greater. Conclusion: Modification of removable orthodontic appliances combined with dentures can be a solution to both prosthodontic treatment needs and malocclusion.

Mini-implant Supported Temporary Replacement of Teeth in ChildrenA Case Report

Dental agenesis or hypodontia is a frequent cause of tooth loss in children, most common being the maxillary lateral incisors. The absence of teeth affects aesthetics and results in functional impairment that hampers the psychological development of the young child. Treatment options available for replacement of congenitally missing teeth include fixed and removable dentures, resin-related retention devices, and single-tooth implants. The main deterring factor for implant placement in young children is the impending growth. To overcome this drawback, one can use self-drilling, one-piece orthodontic mini screw implants as a temporary abutment for the replacement of congenitally missing teeth. Mini-implant with temporary crown can serve as a permanent dental restoration for a growing child as the mini-implant is well maintained throughout his/her growth period without significant changes in skeletal morphology. This case report deals with a 12-year-old young girl patient, who has been treated with self-drilling orthodontic miniimplant with a strip crown for her congenitally missing bilateral lateral incisors, without any complications with six months follow-up.

Prevalence of premature loss of deciduous teeth and its relationship with gender among children from Acapulco, Guerrero: a cross-sectional study.

Premature loss of deciduous teeth is the exfoliation or extraction before physiological replacement with < 50% or < 75% of the root of the substitute tooth formed or if there is > 1 mm of alveolar bone covering the permanent successor tooth organ. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of premature tooth loss in children and identify associated factors in a health center in Acapulco, Guerrero. We conducted a cross-sectional study in which we collected information from 109 clinical records of children examined from January 2019 to August 2021. Sociodemographic data of the children and parents were collected: socioeconomic level, non-pathological personal history, and the history of premature deciduous tooth loss. Multivariate analysis to identify factors associated with premature deciduous tooth loss was performed with CIETmap statistical software. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association. The prevalence of premature loss of primary teeth was 40% (43/109). The leading cause was caries (84%, 36/43). The tooth organ with the highest loss occurrence was the lower right second molar (33%, 14/43). Gender was identified as an associated factor, with males having a higher risk of loss (ORa = 2.97; CI95% = 1.33-6.65). Our results were similar to those reported in other studies. Strategies aimed at health promotion directed at parents and children should be reinforced.

MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL ROOT FRACTURE OF ANTERIOR TEETH WITH OPEN APEX AND CLOSED APEX BY FRAGMENT REATTACHMENT - A REPORT OF TWO CASES

Background: Dental trauma is one of the main causes of loss of teeth in children. Dental trauma is a situation in which the patient is not only affected physically, but socially or psychologically also. Treatment of fractured teeth, particularly in young patients, is further complicated by the often difcult but essential procedure. Advances in adhesive dentistry have enabled dentists to use the patient's own fragment to restore the fractured tooth. Reattachment is such an ultraconservative technique that it provides safe, quick, and aesthetically please results. In Method: the rst case, the cervical root fracture in 11 with open apex was treated by root canal treatment followed by bio-dentine apical plug and then with the help of bre post, the tooth fractured fragment were reattached. In the second case, a cervical root fracture in 11 with closed apex was treated by root canal treatment followed by reattachment of the fragment by bre post. Results: The patient was reevaluated in the subsequent follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic with favourable soft tissue healing and good aesthetics. This case report includes proper history taking, diagnosi Conclusion: s, and treatment of cervical root fracture by fragment reattachment to educate the population that reattachment is an inexpensive treatment option for the patient with a positive emotional and psychosocial response.

Aesthetic Restoration of Traumatized Deciduous Anterior Teeth Using Custom Fabricated Zirconia Crowns - A Case Report

Loss of anterior teeth in children can adversely affect the aesthetics, decrease masticatory efficiency, cause speech disturbance and result in the development of parafunctional habits and psychological problems. There are various complete crown coverage restorations like polycarbonate crowns, stainless steel crowns (SSC), open-faced SSC, commercially veneered SSC, Figaro crowns and Zirconia crowns. The superior aesthetics, inertness, and biocompatibility of ceramics have made them acceptable as a dental restorative material by clinicians. Zirconia ceramics have become a frequently employed biomaterial in dentistry due to their enhanced aesthetics and mechanical properties.&#x0D; The aesthetic management of decayed and traumatized deciduous anterior teeth using complete coverage restoration in children is strenuous owing to their limited size, proximity to the pulp, decreased surface area for bonding, teeth isolation difficulties and lack of cooperation. Structural loss of anterior teeth affects aesthetics, impairs mastication and phonetics, causes eruption disturbance of permanent teeth and leads to the development of non-nutritive habits. This may result in a psychosocial crisis in the patient including reduced self-esteem.&#x0D; Full coronal restorations like polycarbonate crowns, strip crowns, and modifications of stainless-steel crowns including the open-faced and pre-veneered crowns are being used by clinicians to restore discoloured incisors. However, they are often associated with technical, functional, or aesthetic limitations. Over the past decades, advancement in different technologies in the sphere of dentistry and the immense booming of dental materials have always resulted in a continuous re-assessment of different treatment principles so employed. Paediatric zirconia crowns were introduced in 2010 and have gained popularity for aesthetic considerations.[1] Zirconia crowns are clinically justifiable and with greater parental gratification when compared with other full coverage coronal restorations. Zirconia crowns express high strength, aesthetics, durability, biocompatibility, reduced wear of opposing teeth, and cause less gingival irritation.

Prosthodontic management of pediatric patients

Loss of teeth in children may lead to both functional and esthetic problems. Absence of teeth in both anterior and posterior regions may lead to malfunctions in mastication and proper pronunciation. The common complications that occur when missing teeth are present and not replaced includes adjacent tooth migration, loss of alveolar bone, and irregular occlusion. Premature loss of teeth may develop complexes and low esteem, leading to insecurities considering the sensitive nature of children. It should also be taken into consideration that prosthetic appliance should not hinder the growth of orofacial system and must meet necessary functional and esthetic standards as there is active nature of growth in children and adolescents.

Prevalence, Pattern, and Severity of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren of Moradabad City.

Recently, molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has become more evident and one of the most common reasons for loss of teeth in children after dental caries. Being a country with a diverse ethnic population, the prevalence of MIH in different regions of India may differ. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, pattern, and severity of MIH in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren in Moradabad city. This study was conducted in various schools of Moradabad city to target a sample of 2,300 children aged between 8 and 12 years. The examination was done in their respective schools by a calibrated examiner in natural daylight using European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry diagnostic criteria for MIH 2015. The results, thus obtained, were statistically analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test. A prevalence of 3.96% (91/2300) for MIH was reported without any gender predilection. Molar hypomineralization showed a prevalence of 1.3% (29/2300) whereas the prevalence for hypomineralization of second primary molars was 1.4% (22/1620). The most common type of defect was type 2 and most of the affected teeth were of grade I. Mandibular molars were more commonly affected compared to the maxillary molars. A prevalence of 3.96% (91/2300) was observed for MIH. Frequent dental screening camps should be organized in schools at the community level for the enhancement of early diagnosis of MIH and designing appropriate management strategies. Khan A, Garg N, Mayall SS, et al. Prevalence, Pattern, and Severity of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren of Moradabad City. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(2):168-174.

Premature Loss of Deciduous Teeth as a Symptom of Systemic Disease: A Narrative Literature Review.

Background: Premature loss of primary teeth can occur as a consequence of dental trauma, neonatal tooth extraction, early childhood caries, or periodontal problems, or it can be a manifestation of systemic disease. This review aims to present systemic disorders that can lead to premature loss of deciduous teeth in children and to provide a comprehensive resource for clinical practice for both physicians and dentists. Methods: This study is a narrative review of original studies and case reports published in English and Polish between 1957 and 2021 that was conducted by searching electronic scientific resources: PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The schema of the qualification process is represented by a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). In total, 196 articles were identified; after provisional assessment of the titles and abstracts by two reviewers, 46 were found to be relevant to the topic, including 1 review, 16 original papers, and 27 case reports regarding systemic disease resulting in premature tooth loss. Results: In this study, 16 systemic diseases were linked to premature primary tooth loss in children: Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome, mucocutaneous dyskeratosis, Coffin–Lowry syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, cherubism, hypophosphatasia, acatalasia, Chediak–Higashi syndrome, cyclic neutropenia, erythromelalgia, Down syndrome, Hajdu–Cheney syndrome, short bowel syndrome, leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1), and Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WSS).

Outcome and success rate of dental autotransplantation: A long‐term evaluation of 144 teeth

Aim To evaluate a sample consisting of 144 autotransplanted teeth performed in 128 patients, which were subjected to periodic follow-up from 6 months to 23 years. Materials and methods The sample consists of 33 molars, 91 premolars, 4 canines and 16 incisors. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed every 6 months since the day of transplantation. In the last follow-up visit, successful autotransplantation should present the following: absence of active inflammatory root resorption and ankylosis; crown/root ratio <1 (root size higher than crown size); radiographic evidence of additional root growth (in case of partly formed root grafts); absence of tooth mobility, periodontal disease and persistent periapical lesions after endodontic treatment. The success rate was acquired by percentage of transplanted teeth that met the criteria in relation to the total number of transplanted teeth in the sample. Statistical tests were performed as indicators of success. Results The evaluation showed a 93% success rate for the completion of autotransplanted teeth. Eight teeth showed inflammatory root resorption and five teeth, ankylosis. The success rate of molars was 91% and canines was 100%. All variables presented statistical p value of <0.05, except for tooth colouration, root development, donor site and recipient site. Conclusion These findings support that tooth autotransplantation is a reliable treatment and preferred solution for early tooth loss in children and young patients. Furthermore, it demands the professionals the correct evaluation as well as to create the necessary conditions regarding the site receptor, tooth to be transplanted, quality of the surgical procedure, aesthetic complement and periodic control of each case.

Dental Implants in Pediatric Dentistry: A Review Article

Loss of teeth in children is commonly caused due to traumatic exposure or anodontia. It can lead to lossof masticatory function, altered speech, lack of self confidence and mal-alignment of teeth overtime. Thishampers the esthetic and psychosocial development of children. Management of missing teeth can be doneusing removable prosthesis or fixed prosthesis and implants. The removable prosthesis can lead to residualridge resorption and several periodontal problems and can cause oral hygiene maintenance issues in a childfor which dental implants are considered to be an ideal mode of treatment for tooth loss. Placing an implantin a growing child can cause undue effects on maxillary and mandibular skeletal growth for which the dentistmust plan a treatment taking into account the total number of missing teeth, degree of skeletal growth andrelated psychological stress to the child.

Influence of a programme for prevention of early childhood caries on early orthodontic treatment needs

ObjectivesThe aim of this prospective birth cohort study was to evaluate the effect of the programme for prevention (PP) of early childhood caries and the resulting need for orthodontic treatment in 8-year-old German children.Material and methodsChildren who had been enrolled in a caries-risk-related recall system with continuous dental care starting at the time of birth (prevention group, PG) were compared with children of the same birth cohort whose parents decided not to participate in the programme (control group, CG). All children (n = 289) participating in the last PP evaluation at the age of 5 years were invited again and examined by blinded clinicians. Dental caries was scored using the WHO diagnostic criteria expanded to d1-level without radiography. Impressions were taken of children with premature tooth loss to analyse space conditions.ResultsTwo hundred twenty-seven children (mean age 8.4 ± 0.6 years; 46.7% female) were examined. Children in the PG (n = 127) showed significantly lower caries prevalence and experience (3.1%, 0.4 ± 1.0 d3–4mft) than children in the CG (37.3%, 3.9 ± 3.5 d3–4mft). Orthodontic analysis found a higher prevalence of premature tooth extraction, followed by a greater extent of space loss in the CG (41.0%; 3.3 ± 4.4 mm) vs. PG (7.9%; 0.4 ± 1.9 mm) and an increase in early orthodontic treatment need (KIG P3, IOTN 5).ConclusionsThe PP was an effective approach for preventing caries-related premature tooth loss in children and conserving relevant arch length.Clinical relevanceChildren who received continuous dental care starting at the time of birth showed better oral health with less premature loss of deciduous teeth and lower need for orthodontic treatment at the age of 8 years.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register DRKS00003438, https://drks-neu.uniklinik-freiburg.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00003438

Color Changes of Pediatric Dental Bridges

Trauma and/or dental caries is the common causes those result in premature loss of teeth in children.

Genomewide Identification of Essential Genes and Fitness Determinants of Streptococcus mutans UA159.

Transposon mutagenesis coupled with next-generation DNA sequencing (Tn-seq) is a powerful tool for discovering regions of the genome that are required for the survival of bacteria in different environments. We adapted this technique to the dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans UA159 and identified 11% of the genome as essential, with many genes encoding products required for replication, translation, lipid metabolism, and cell wall biogenesis. Comparison of the essential genome of S.mutans UA159 with those of selected other streptococci for which such information is available revealed several metabolic pathways and genes that are required in S.mutans, but not in some Streptococcus spp. We further identified genes that are essential for sustained growth in rich or defined medium, as well as for persistence in vivo in a rodent model of oral infection. Collectively, our results provide a novel and comprehensive view of the genes required for essential processes of S.mutans, many of which could represent potential targets for therapeutics. IMPORTANCE Tooth decay (dental caries) is a common cause of pain, impaired quality of life, and tooth loss in children and adults. It begins because of a compositional change in the microorganisms that colonize the tooth surface driven by repeated and sustained carbohydrate intake. Although several bacterial species are associated with tooth decay, Streptococcus mutans is the most common cause. Therefore, it is important to identify biological processes that contribute to the survival of S.mutans in the human mouth, with the aim of disrupting the processes with antimicrobial agents. We successfully applied Tn-seq to S.mutans, discovering genes that are required for survival, growth, and persistence, both in laboratory environments and in a mouse model of tooth decay. This work highlights new avenues for the control of an important human pathogen.

Determining Caries Activity Using Oratest Among 12-to 15-year-old Children.

Dental caries is the primary pathological cause of early tooth loss in children, which may lead to malnutrition and other health problems. Identification of patients with active carious lesions and at high risk for caries can help to dramatically decrease the disease prevalence. Thus, recognising the importance of early diagnosis of caries, the present study was carried out to correlate caries with oral microflora using Oratest among 12- to 15-year-old schoolchildren. A total of 100 children were divided into control and test groups (n = 50) according to their DMFT scores. The test group was further divided into subgroup 1 (DMFT = 1-3) and subgroup 2 (DMFT > 3). Oratest, a caries activity test, was performed on all the children. Comparison among the variables was done using ANOVA and the independent sample t-test. Boys had lower DMFT values (1.35 ± 0.2) than did girls (1.67 ± 0.2) (p = 0.38), and the Oratest time was higher among boys (132.8 ± 0.5 min) than girls (126.4 ± 0.5 min) (p = 0.53). The control group had the highest mean Oratest time (172.7 ± 0.3 min), followed by subgroup 1 (97.8 ± 0.2 min), and subgroup 2 had the lowest Oratest time (68.5 ± 14.8 min). A statistically significant negative correlation (r = -0.893) was found between the mean DMFT and the Oratest time (p < 0.001), ie, they were inversely related to each other. An inverse relationship exists between Oratest and DMFT score.

Dermatoglyphic patterns in children with dental caries: An In vivo Study

Background: Dental caries is the predominant cause of tooth loss in children and young adults. Mutans streptococci are the principal etiological agents of dental caries, of which Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Streptococcus sobrinus are most important in terms of human caries. Genetic factors also contribute to dental caries of which dermatoglyphics is one. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the unique relationship between genetic component (dermatoglyphics) and dental components (dental caries, salivary pH, SM level) and to identify children at particular risk of dental decay. Settings and Design: One hundred children, 6–12 years of age, were selected and divided into two groups: Group 1 (children with dental caries, subject group) and Group 2 (children without dental caries, control group). Methods: Dermatoglyphic patterns were recorded using a digital scanner (CanoScan LiDE), and dental caries status was recorded with “decayed-extracted-filled teeth” index for primary teeth and “decayed-missing-filled teeth” index for permanent teeth. Salivary pH was determined using pH meter strips. SM level was estimated by microbial culture of collected saliva samples. Statistical Analysis: Mann–Whitney test, Wilcoxon test, and Z-test were applied. Results and Conclusion: (1) Subject group had a decreased frequency of loops, whereas control group had increased frequency of loop pattern on palmer digits (P < 0.001). (2) Subject group had a low salivary pH toward normal and control group had high salivary pH values toward normal (P < 0.001). (3) Subject group had high SM level as compared to control group (P < 0.001). Therefore, there exists a relationship between genetic component (dermatoglyphics) and dental component (dental caries, salivary pH, and SM level).

Early tooth loss in children: a warning sign of childhood hypophosphatasia (Dent Update 2017; 44: 317–321)

Dental UpdateVol. 44, No. 6 Letters to the EditorEarly tooth loss in children: a warning sign of childhood hypophosphatasia (Dent Update 2017; 44: 317–321)Arkadiusz DziedzicArkadiusz DziedzicSearch for more papers by this authorArkadiusz DziedzicPublished Online:22 Jun 2017https://doi.org/10.12968/denu.2017.44.6.578AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View article