Collection Tool Research Articles

Nurses' Adherence to Infection Control Practices in Emergency Departments

Background: Follow-Up on Infection Prevention Measures It is an assortment of techniques intended to keep things free of microbes, Patient protection from diseases necessitates several actions. Preventing and controlling infections is one of the most crucial tasks for nurses. Using hand hygiene with personal protection equipment is a crucial step that can help prevent infections or their repercussions. The safety of patients and maintaining sterility and cleanliness in hospitals are the responsibilities of all nurses working there. Objectives: to evaluate the adherence of emergency department nurses to infection control protocols and recommendations. Methodology: This cross-sectional study selected a nonprobability (purposive) sample of 120 nurses working in emergency departments across three hospitals: Baghdad Teaching Hospital (50%), Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital (35.8%), and Sheik Zaydi Hospital 14.2%. The study was conducted from September 20, 2023, to 30 June 2024. collection tool, which consists of two parts: The first part is the demographic characteristics of the nursing staff (age, gender, level of education, years of experience in the emergency department, and participation in training courses related to infection control measures). Second part: Checklists were utilized for observation. The study instrument's reliability was assessed using the Statistical Package for Social Science Program (IBM SPSS) by applying Cronbach's Alpha. Results: The study finding shows that, based on the data, 66.7% of the respondents reported a fair level of practices about infection control measures. Sociodemographic factors such as qualifications notably impact nurses' practices regarding adherence to infection control practices. CONCLUSIONS: The researcher concluded that the nurses' practices were not at the level required (fair) to fit with the critical and special nature of the emergency department. Recommendations: Standard precautions are the basic level of the infection control process. The participants may possess satisfactory knowledge and compliance levels. However, more training programs and more focus on the standard precautions by educational institutes are needed for nurses to improve their knowledge and compliance with infection-control standard precautions.

Retrospective Study Of The Clinical Characteristics Of Cases With Covid-19

background: COVID-19 pandemic placed immense pressure on health systems. The disease is transmitted by inhalation or contact with infected droplets. The symptoms are usually fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue and malaise. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of cases with covid-19. Design: Observational retrospective study was followed in this study. Study setting: This study was conducted at Tanta main university hospital and Itay El-baroud general hospital. Subjects: A purposeful sample of 100 adult isolated patients from the previosly mentioned settings was included in the study. Collection tools: one tool was used to collect data in this study "Covid-19 clinical characteristics assessment sheet" this tool consists of 2 parts: Part (1): Demograhic data of the studied cases with covid-19 Part (2): clinical characteristics of studied cases with covid-19. The results were as follow: the results indicated that around one third of the participants were dead and there was highly significant relationship between hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum Ferritin level and blood group A and death (p<0.001). ICU admission rate was 71% and 35% of covid-19 cases needed invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: it was concluded that the majority of confirmed covid-19 patients were old males. The highly reported signs and symptoms were fatigue, weakness, anorexia, tachypnea and fever. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most reported comorbid diseases of confirmed covid-19 patients. Recommendations: Generalize the awareness of the most reported clinical characteristics of covid-19 to help health care providers to make the correct initial suspected diagnosis of COVID-19

IMPROVING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS' KNOWLEDGE REGARDING IDENTIFICATION RECORDING AND STUDENTS’ PERSONAL HEALTH RECORDING AT SDN KAMPUNG DALEM 6 KEDIRI

Medical Records in the world of education are very important to be implemented in terms of administrative and documentation aspects. In terms of administration, the existence of health records can make it easier for teachers or principals to store and search for files related to the health of their students, while in documentation it can make it easier for teachers to find out the health history of students. The purpose of this study was to identify elementary school teachers' knowledge about students’ personal health records at SDN Kampung Dalem 6 Kediri. This study used a simple descriptive design with a collection tool in the form of a questionnaire. The study was conducted at SDN Kampung Dalem 6 Kediri with total sample of 13 respondents. Samples were taken using the training, technical guidance, facilitation approach methods. The results of the study showed that more than half of the respondents (69.20%) had high knowledge about personal health records and the rest (31.80%) had moderate knowledge. The recommendation of this study is to conduct further research by increasing the number of respondents.

Vulnerability of the Infrastructure: Risk Management and Implementation of the Information Systems

This article focuses on a comprehensive view of the connection between infrastructure, risks, and Geographic Information System (GIS). In the context of the current era, where critical infrastructure faces various threats and risks, it is essential to explore new methods and technologies that enable better identification, assessment, and management of these challenges. The first part of the article analyzes the current state of critical infrastructure and its connection to risks. Understanding how various threats, from natural disasters to cyber-attacks, affect infrastructure elements is crucial for effective protection and resilience. The second part examines the benefits and uses of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the context of risk assessment and management of critical infrastructure. GIS provides tools for collecting, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data, improving the ability to identify key risk areas and their interconnections. The results of this paper demonstrate how effectively linking these elements can enhance the resilience of critical infrastructure to various hazards.Overall, this article provides an overview of current trends in connecting infrastructure, risks, and Information Systems, emphasizing the importance of this comprehensive approach to ensuring the security and sustainability of critical infrastructure.

Enhancing arthropod occurrence in wheat cropping systems: the role of non-chemical pest management and nitrogen optimization

This study analyzes arthropod biomass and abundance to track the changes in arthropod occurrence in relation to pesticide use in three winter wheat cropping systems managed at different intensities (organic, conventional, and hybrid). Arthropod occurrence was surveyed using three collection tools: sweeping nets, eclector traps, and yellow traps. Sampling was conducted over three years from 2020 to 2022 with 588 samples collected. The wet weight of the captured organisms was determined and arthropod abundance calculated. The application of a NOcsPS (no chemical-synthetic pesticides) strategy, a new hybrid cultivation method realized with optimized use of nitrogen fertilizers but without chemical-synthetic pesticides, showed a higher arthropod occurrence and performed more convincingly regarding produced arthropod biomass and abundance than the other cropping variants. The results also demonstrate a dependence of the obtained insect indices on the collection method. Although arthropod biomass and abundance correlated for all collection methods, the combination of various methods as well as multiple procedures of sample analysis gives a more realistic and comprehensive view of the impact of the wheat cultivation systems on the arthropod fauna than one-factor analyses.

Factors Affecting Postoperative Pain Beliefs Among Surgical Patients in Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundFrequency, ability to cope, and severity of pain; the genetic structure of the individual affects their emotional and cultural characteristics, beliefs, and personal characteristics. It is stated that pain beliefs are one of the factors affecting emotional pain control and approach to pain. AimsThis study, it is aimed to determine the pain beliefs of individuals experiencing postoperative pain. MethodsCross-sectional descriptive study. Surgical services of a single secondary care hospital. 170 patients who were in the first week after surgery, experienced acute pain, were between the ages of 18–65, and did not have a psychiatric disorder were evaluated. Collection Tools: Postoperative pain levels of the patients were evaluated with a Visual Analog Scale. As the VAS score increases, the pain level increases. Pain beliefs were evaluated with the Pain Beliefs Scale. Pain Beliefs Scale increases in the score obtained from the sub-score of the scale indicate that the pain beliefs related to that test are high. A student T-Test was used for bivariate comparisons between groups. One-way ANOVA was used to compare trivariate groups. In addition, Spearman's Correlation analysis was performed. Statistically, a confidence interval of >95% was used. The statistical significance level was set as p < 0.05. ResultsIt was found that the pain levels of the patients participating in the study were low and the scores they received from the Pain Beliefs Scale subscales were moderate. It was determined that those with lower education levels had higher scale scores in the psychological beliefs sub-dimension of the Pain Beliefs Scale. In the organic beliefs sub-dimension, it was determined that those with lower income levels had higher organic beliefs. It was determined that the postoperative pain experienced did not affect pain beliefs (p > 0.05). ConclusionIt was concluded that there was no relationship between the pain level and pain beliefs of patients with low pain in the postoperative period. Individuals experiencing postoperative pain believe that pain occurs due to the influence of both organic and psychological factors. For this reason, it is recommended factors that nurses who care for individuals experiencing postoperative pain provide care for both organic and psychological sources of pain.

The Significant, Threats and Management of Boswellia Papyrifera (Del.) Hochest Tree Species in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review

Boswellia papyrifera (Del.) Hochst is one of a combretum-terminal deciduous ecosystem with the key dry land tree forest in the world planet which belongs to the family Burseraceae. This review paper was presents to review the importance, threat and its management techniques of Boswellia papyrifera forest tree species in Ethiopia. Boswellia papyrifera woodland provides considerable economic, ecological, socio-cultural, traditional and industrial benefits in the dry lands of Ethiopia. The review showed that in Ethiopia Boswellia papyrifera tree population are declining at an alarming rate mainly due to overgrazing, absence of regeneration and saplings, pests, agricultural expansion, over tapping for frankincense production, poor policy and other interrelated factors. There are different important demands being made on the Boswellia papyrifera reducing conversion of woodland, using appropriate collection tools and methods, speedy environmental rehabilitation, improving tapping methods and timing, and provision of tree products as soon as possible in Ethiopia. Continuous capacity building training on sustainable utilizations and managements of Boswellia papyrifera woodland should also be provided for all relevant stakeholders.

Printmaking beyond the expanded field: Aura of practice as matrix

The article concerns the transmedial qualities of printmaking that will be revealed with theory retrieved from the field of major mediums such as painting and sculpture and applied with a focus on the key concepts of the artist's practice as the printmaking matrix. The matrix is the mould used to cast an image, such as the copper plate, woodblock, or lithography stone. Due to the expanding heterogeneous term of printmaking, this article is limited to what can be considered analogue or hard copy printmaking (e.g., intaglio, relief, litho), as well as its collective tools and materials (e.g., inks, plates, roller, press, acid) which can be found in a printmaking studio. The notion of aura is drawn from Walter Benjamin’s concept but is used in a dialectical sense to emphasise the immaterial dimension of the artist’s practice which correlate with(in) the matrix.

Generative AI Solutions for Faculty and Students: A Review of Literature and Roadmap for Future Research

Aim/Purpose: This paper aims to address the gap in comprehensive, real-world applications of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in education, particularly in higher education settings. Despite the evident potential of GenAI in transforming educational practices, there is a lack of consolidated knowledge about its practical effectiveness and real-world impact. Background: This study addresses this gap by conducting a systematic literature review to collate and analyze real-life instances of GenAI applications in higher education, thus providing a nuanced understanding of its practical implementations and measurable outcomes. Methodology: The paper utilizes a systematic literature review methodology, adopting the PRISMA approach complemented by a thematic analysis procedure to ensure a comprehensive and in-depth evaluation of the literature. It synthesizes information from relevant articles from 2022 to 2024, focusing on the applications of GenAI in higher education. This analysis covers various aspects, including research settings, analysis scales, data types, collection tools, and analytical methods. Contribution: The paper contributes to the academic community by offering a comprehensive review of GenAI applications in education, highlighting the current precision level of these tools, and providing strategic recommendations for their effective use in academia. Furthermore, the research defines seven specific cases where Gen AI can be utilized as a reference for educational institutions in their adoption strategies. Findings: Key findings include the versatility of GenAI in generating teaching materials, enhancing skill development, supporting student tasks, academic performance evaluation, feedback delivery, and its role as a virtual assistant and in research support. Recommendations for Practitioners: Practitioners are advised to explore the integration of GenAI for diverse educational purposes, from content creation to student assessment, while being cognizant of its limitations and ethical considerations. Recommendation for Researchers: Future research should focus on addressing the gaps identified, such as the implications of GenAI in research roles, its application in various disciplines, and the exploration of newly developed AI tools tailored to specific educational needs. Impact on Society: The findings of this paper highlight the potential of GenAI in revolutionizing the educational sector, offering personalized learning experiences, and significantly influencing teaching methodologies and student engagement, but it also reveals significant deficiencies of Generative AI, known as hallucinations, which can impact the expected results. Future Research: Subsequent research should explore the evolving capabilities of GenAI models, their impact on various academic disciplines, and the development of pedagogical strategies to optimize their use in education.

THE EFFECT OF PAKEM METHODS AND LEARNING MOTIVATION TOWARDS EIGHT GRADE STUDENT’S LEARNING OUTCOMES ON IPS at SMP PGRI 2 MUNCAR BANYUWANGI

This study is a causal, quantitative research are : 1) Is there any influence on learning outcomes ?, 2) Is there any influence of learning motivation to ward student learning result ?, and 3) Is there any interaction influence of PAKEM) learning and learning motivation to ward student learning result ? Objectives : 1) The examine the impact of PAKEM learning on student learning outcomes. 2) examine the effect of learningmotivation on the student learning outcomes. 3) examine of the influence of PAKEM learning motivation on student learning outcomes.&#x0D; The population of this studied in this research is the students of SMP PGRI 2 Muncar distric Banyuwangi, with the number of 30 student, the research area is determined by purposive sampling method. The research is aquantitative research with causal design.Data collection tools use questionnaires, test and methods of documentationand intervew. Valid and valid realibility tools with validity and reliability tets. The instrument analysis test use :1) descriptive test, 2) normality test, 3) homogeneity test. Test the hypotesis by : 1) regression analysis, 2) F test, 3) t test,4) testcoefficient of determination (R2).&#x0D; The resultshowed that: 1) sig showed that: 1) sig value of learning variables PAKEM on studentlearning outcomes 0,000, conclusion sig&gt;0,05, mean learning of PAKEM have signifficant effectto resultof studentlearning, 2) sig value of learning of motivation variable is 0,000, sig conclusion&gt;0,05 this means learning motivation has a signifficant effecc on student learningoutcomes, 3) the output of regression analysis obtained F hitung 29,142 with sig. 0,000, because &gt; 0,05 then there is interaction influence of learning of PAKEM and motivation learn earnestly to result learn

Post-Divorce Emotion/Social Adjustment of Women: Effectiveness of a Psycho-Education Program Based on Cognitive Behavioral Theory

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the psycho-education program based on the Cognitive Behavioral Teory (CBT) on the emotional/social adjustment levels of newly divorced women. The research was carried out with a true experimental design with a control group in which pre-test-post-test and follow-up measurements were made. The research started with 15 newly divorced women in both groups. However, after the group was completed, 12 women remained in the experimental group and 11 women in the control group.Data collection tools are Fisher Divorce/Separation Adjustment Scale-Short Form and Personal Information Questionnaire. The results of the study reveal that the psychoeducation program based on CBT is effective in increasing the post-divorce adjustment of women. In addition, the psycho-education program was found to be effective in increasing women's self-worth and reducing grief reactions, disentanglement from relationship, and anger levels. Such a difference was not observed in the control group. At the same time, the effectiveness of the psycho-educational program continued in the follow-up measurements five weeks later.

완도 정착해녀의 어휘 연구

This study was conducted on a lexical analysis of the vocabulary of Haenyeo settled in Wando-gun. Wando’s settlement Haenyeo used ‘Haenyeo, Jamsu, Jeomnyeo’ like the Jeju Haenyeo, but they also used ‘Bojaegi’, which reveals a negative perception of Haenyeo. And although the names of Haenyeo are ranked as upper, middle, and lower, the hierarchy is not as strict as that of Jeju Haenyeo because there are not many active Haenyeo and they are older. Unlike Jeju Haenyeo, Wando’s settlement Haeyeo used the standard language to name the sea. The vocabulary related to the sea space is named as the name or space of the island that works, unlike Jeju Haenyeo. Wando’s settlement Haeyeo called the work they did in the morning ‘Achim-mule, Achim-mulji’. The vocabulary related to the distance of work was not as subdivided like Jeju Haenyeo and in relation to the space, Wando’s settlement Haeyeo did not use the vocabulary of Jeju Haenyeo when referring to the space. Regarding the act, Wando’s settlement Haenyeo used the ‘Hombes-soli, Sonbi-soli’, which is associated with the ‘Sumbi-soli’ of Jeju Haenyeo. As a collection tool, Wando’s settlement Haenyeo used ‘Mangsali, Mang-ali’ like Jeju Haenyeo and Wando’s settlement Haenyeo used ‘Galgoli, Kkakkuli, Homeng-i’ as a tool for catching octopu and sea urchin, but there was no difference from Jeju Haenyeo’s term. Haenyeo uses ‘Dasdol, Dasjul’ as a secondary tool, but Shinji-myeon and Yaksan-myeon Haenyeo did not use ‘Dasdol, Dasjul’ by changing the method of collecting seafood. Haenyeo also uses ‘Tewag, Duleumbag’ as a secondary tool, and Wando’s settlement Haenyeo said ‘Duleumbag, Duleongbag and Duleombag.’ Wando’s settlement Haenyeo collected ‘Miyeog, Dasima, Mojaban, Tos’ among brown algae. However, unlike Jeju Haenyeo, they used standard language a lot. Shinji-myeon Haenyeo, used ‘Boli-miyeog’ regarding the time of seaweed harvesting. There are also ‘Cheong-gag, Palae’ among green algae, but they did not collect much. Among the red algae were ‘Umu, Cheoncho and Cheonchu.’ Among the mollusks, ‘Sola, Godung, Gunbeos, Gunso, Mun-eo, Jeonbog’ were collected, and among echinoderms, ‘sea urchin and sea cucumber’ were collected. However, unlike Jeju Haenyeo, Wando’s settlement Haenyeo used the standard language. Wando’s settlement Haenyeo were influenced by Jeju Haenyeo and used Jeju Haenyeo’s vocabulary, but also used the Jeonnam dialect in relation to space. However, standard language was used more when talking about the marine environment or harvested products. The reason seems that they used standard language rather than the Jeonnam dialect due to the negative perception of the Haenyeo’s job or the difficulty of settling in the local area. In addition, it seems that standard language has been used more due to various factors such as the influence of broadcasting media, changes in collection methods, and changes in sales methods.

Public Transport Services of Minibus between Cotonou and Porto – Novo in Benin

African cities, including Cotonou and Porto-Novo, have experienced an increase in their populations over the past four decades due to migration on the one hand and the services offered by the latter on the other. This requires mass transport for the mobility of urban populations and those on the outskirts of these cities. This research contributes to a better understanding of the risks to which the passengers of public transport provided by minibuses between Cotonou and Porto-Novo are exposed. The methodological approach used is based on documentary research, data collection in the field, data processing and analysis of results. The collection tools used are the observation grid, the questionnaire and the interview guide with 148 people and 21 municipal authorities. SPSS 2.1 was used for statistical data processing. The Excel 2013 spreadsheet, Word 2013 and QGIS software were respectively used for word processing, the creation of graphs and tables and then various maps. The analysis of the results shows that the socio-professional class of minibus public transport passengers between Cotonou and Porto-Novo is made up of workers 33% of the respondents; sellers and resellers of finished products, food (43%); students/pupils (11%) and others (13%) of those questioned. The purchasing power of this target remains weak, which does not allow it to use other means of public transport, which cost more than three times the minibus fare according to this one. Public transport by minibus is, therefore, the preferred method for low-class passengers. In addition, the results of this research reveal four main risks, which are: contamination of communicable diseases, including COVID-19, according to 23% of those questioned; the fall of apprentices or even users/passengers/customers for 24% of respondents; road traffic accidents (47%) and injuries related to discomfort in the seats of minibuses to which 6% of the passengers surveyed referred. Taking into account these risks and the weaknesses identified by this research will improve mass transport services by minibus between Cotonou and Porto-Novo.

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Human Resource Management Priorities

Abstract The pandemic situation associated with the Covid-19 disease has changed people's lives and significantly affected the functioning of companies and organizations. Managers of industrial companies faced a new situation and had to look for new solutions to the problems that arose. Employees were forced to get used to new conditions and adapt not only to new private along with new work situations caused by the pandemic. The success of any organization depends on its employees, which is why a high-quality human resource management was important also in the pandemic situation. The aim of the article is to interpret the results of research aimed at identifying priorities in the field of human resource management in terms of the situation before and during the pandemic as well as the priorities that will dominate after the return to the standard work regime. The collection tool was a questionnaire distributed online. As many as 70 managers and specialists from industrial companies in Slovakia took part in the questionnaire survey. The obtained data were evaluated through descriptive statistics, in the form of graphs and tables. The results can be useful for practice of industrial companies in the field of setting priorities, or evaluating and comparing the situation in the field of human resource management before and during the pandemic as well as after the return to the standard work regime.

Application of Intelligent Image Recognition and Digital Media Art in the Inheritance of Black Pottery Intangible Cultural Heritage

With the development of science and technology, intelligent image recognition and digital media art are gradually applied to the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage. In the inheritance of black pottery, intelligent image recognition can help identify the authenticity and age of black pottery, and digital media art can inject new vitality into black pottery culture. Digital media, which combines digitalization and mediaization, breaks the limitations of traditional media and provides ideological and technical guarantees for the reconstruction, dissemination and promotion of intangible cultural heritage protection. Image recognition technology is no longer limited to the auxiliary detection of images, on the contrary, it has become a recording and collection tool. With the promotion and development of science and technology, it can be more widely shared and disseminated in time and space. In this paper, the traditional machine learning algorithm and the intelligent learning algorithm are compared in image recognition, and the image information recognition rate, the number of iterations, the training time, and the information loss rate are compared in four aspects. The results have found that compared with the traditional learning algorithm, the number of iterations of the intelligent learning algorithm is reduced by 20%, the training time is reduced by 40%, the information loss rate is reduced by 6.3%, and the recognition accuracy rate is improved by 6.1%, which showed that under the current technology, intangible cultural heritage can be better inherited, and Chinese culture can be better promoted, so that more people can understand and join in the protection of intangible cultural heritage.

ANALYSIS OF SERVICE QUALITY IN AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE MEMBER SATISFACTION (CASE STUDY ON PT.PIM SHARIA EMPLOYEE COOPERATIVES)

In a cooperative, satisfactory service is the most important thing that needs to be considered for cooperatives to satisfy their customers or customers. Product and service services must be carried out properly and correctly so that they get sympathy and are attractive to the community of prospective customers concerned. If the service is carried out properly and correctly, the marketing of products and services is expected to be successful as well. Service is an activity or series of activities that are invisible (cannot be touched) that occur as a result of interactions between consumers and employees, or other things provided by service delivery companies that are intended to solve problems or customers. This research uses a qualitative research approach. where qualitative research as a scientific method is often used and carried out by a group of researchers in the field of social sciences, including education. A number of reasons were also put forward, which in essence is that qualitative research enriches the results of quantitative research. Qualitative research is conducted to build knowledge through understanding and discovery. Qualitative research approach is a process of research and understanding based on methods that investigate social phenomenon and human problems. In this study the researcher takes a complex picture, examines the words, reports detailed views of the respondents and conducts studies in natural situations. Qualitative research is carried out in natural conditions and is a discovery. In qualitative research, the researcher is the key instrument. Because of that researchers must have the provision of theory and broad insight so they can ask questions, analyze and construct the object being researched to be clearer. This research emphasizes more on meaning and bound by value. The essence of qualitative research is observing people in their environment interacting with them, trying to understand their language and interpretation of the world around them, approaching or interacting with people related to the research focus with the aim of trying to understand, explore their views and experiences to obtain information or data. what is needed Qualitative research where the role of the researcher is as a key instrument in collecting data, and interpreting data.Data collection tools usually use direct observation, interviews, document studies. While the validity and reliability of data using triangulation using inductive methods, the results of qualitative research emphasize meaning rather than generalization. Qualitative research is used if the problem is not clear, to find out hidden meanings, to understand social interactions, to develop theories, to ensure the correctness of data and to examine the history of development.

СУТНІСТЬ ТА ЗМІСТ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО АНАЛІЗУ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article analyzes the essence and significance of strategic analysis of an enterprise's activities. It is worth noting that, according to researchers, strategic analysis is the initial stage of development of any strategy and a tool for collecting, analyzing and evaluating a database of internal and external environment in order to identify positive and negative factors and ways to achieve strategic goals and directions of development of the industry. Attention is paid to defining the content of strategic analysis. It is noted that strategic analysis is a starting point for developing a company's strategy and is based on research and evaluation of the internal and external environment. The article provides basic questions illustrating the relationship between the analysis of the environment and its conclusions. In addition, the key issues of strategic analysis of the macro- and micro-environment of an enterprise are identified. Strategic analysis as a function of strategic management forms a set of alternatives for decision-making. Based on the analysis of these tasks, the article provides a scheme of logical transition from the analysis of the micro- and macro-environment of an enterprise to the development of alternatives and selection of the optimal strategy from them. The study presents related tasks that make up the appropriate strategy of an enterprise and visualizes the role of strategic analysis as a tool for choosing an appropriate strategy by an enterprise. In particular, the author determines that the first task is to analyze the macro-environment, which makes it possible to determine the subject of its activities; the second is to determine the goals; the third is to conduct a direct strategic analysis, and the fourth is to implement the strategy. The author emphasizes the place of strategic analysis in the development of strategic management tasks. The author agrees with the thesis that making a strategic choice based on strategic analysis is the basis that "sews" individual business decisions with competitive actions that take into account the current state of the enterprise.

Évaluation des capacités du système de laboratoires biologiques pour la détection des menaces infectieuses au Bénin

Background&#160;: International Health Regulations require countries to establish laboratory systems for rapid and safe confirmation of public health emergencies.Objective&#160;: This study assessed the capacity of the National Laboratory System for the detection of infectious threats to global health security in Benin.Method&#160;: The study was descriptive, cross-sectional, and evaluative. The targets were laboratories performing the confirmation of infectious threats. The sampling method was non-probabilistic with the reasoned choice of 74 laboratories. Four collection tools were used. The World Health Organization&#8217;s laboratory assessment tool for health facilities was used to assess the national public health laboratory. The assessment was based on the capacities of peripheric laboratories and of the national reference laboratory. The capacity was rated good if at least 80% of peripheric laboratories met at least 80% of the criteria and if the national public health laboratory had an average indicator of at least 80%. Otherwise, the capacity was rated insufficient.Results&#160;: The national laboratory system capacity was insufficient. Only 54% of peripheric laboratories had good capacity. The national reference laboratory had an average indicator of 71%. In this reference laboratory, specimen collection and transport, laboratory testing performance, consumables and reagents, and public health functions had the best scores, above 80%. Biorisk management, organization and management, and documents had the lowest scores. In peripheric laboratories, the testing performance was the only domain with good capacity.Conclusion&#160;: To ensure effective Global Health Security in Benin, a National Laboratory System capacity improvement strategic plan need to be developed and implemented.

Influence of covid-19 in the training and academic learning of students at Peleforo GON COULIBALY University of Korhogo (Ivory Coast).

UNESCO noted in 2020 that 85% of pupils and students in 165 countries are no longer in school because of COVID-19. Indeed, this disease has had several social consequences around the world. One of these is the academic component. In addition, the world has been exploring new methods of teaching and learning at a distance. This method, although innovative, has impacts on the university, the teacher and the student. Hence the need to question the impact of the Covid-19 in university training and learning, particularly at the Peleforo GON COULIBALY University (UPGC). To achieve this, a socio-anthropological study was conducted using a qualitative approach. Its purpose was to describe the impact of the health crisis on the student population of the UPGC. It took place from 10 July to 7 September 2021 in Korhogo, Ivory Coast, specifically at the UPGC. The collection tools were individual interviews and documentary research. According to rational choice sampling, 63 students and 8 members of the various examination commissions, i.e. 71 people in total, were mobilised.&#x0D; The results reveal that the duration of social distancing has created a sense of isolation for some UPGC students and lost learning time. In addition, the change in assessment procedures has led to a series of problems such as postponed or cancelled exams in some departments and in others replaced by group exercises or individual homework. Also, the use of NICTs to communicate and acquire knowledge has been intense during this health crisis, which could stimulate risks of visual disorders among students and teachers. Thus, the covid-19 crisis not only impacted on students' learning time, but also on the biology and quality of the knowledge received during this period

Internal Environment of the Organization and Strategic Choice in Cement Manufacturing Firms in Kenya

Purpose: The objective of this research is to look into the internal environment elements of the organization that have an impact on strategic choice in the Kenyan cement industry.&#x0D; Methodology: A descriptive research design was used. The target population consisted of six Kenyan cement manufacturing firms. To collect data, a census and a questionnaire were used. The collection tool was piloted prior to the actual study to determine its validity and reliability. The arithmetic standard deviation and mean were utilized to assess central tendency and dispersion.&#x0D; Findings: Research findings are expected to significantly inform cement manufacturing firms and accelerate infrastructural development in Kenya as well as East Africa. Organizational structure was also positively correlated at (r =.368 and P&gt;0.05), indicating a positive relationship, and organizational culture was positively correlated at (r =.358 and P &gt;0.05), indicating a positive (+ve) and significant relationship. At (r) =.597 and P&gt;0.05, managerial leadership styles had the greatest positive influence on strategic choice. The results of the study on organizational resources and strategic choice in Kenyan cement manufacturing firms revealed a moderately positive relationship that was statistically significant (r=.436 and P&gt;0.05). According to the study, organizational structure, culture, managerial leadership style, and resources all have a positive (+ve) and significant effect on strategic choice.&#x0D; Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy (recommendation): The research hopes to inform policy on the strategic importance of supporting and strengthening strategic choices through adapting dynamic organizational structures and implementation policies for Kenyan cement manufacturing and beyond. The study will further enable top management of Kenyan cement manufacturing firms unlock the value of their investment through effective strategic leadership. The study will help improve the management and development of strategic areas of capacity building and improve policies geared towards enhancing the strategic choice.