Food grains form an important part of the vegetarian Indian diet. Grain production has been steadily increasing due to advances in production technology, but improper storage results in high losses in grains. Post-harvest losses in India amount to 12 to 16 million metric tons of food grains each year, an amount that the World Bank estimates could feed one-third of India's poor. The monetary value of these losses amounts to more than Rs. 50,000 crores per year (Singh, 2010). Natural contamination of food grains is greatly influenced by environmental factors such as type of storage structure, temperature, moisture, etc. During storage, quantitative as well as qualitative losses occur due to insects, rodents, and micro-organisms. A large number of insect pests have been reported to be associated with stored grains. At any given time 60–70% of grains is stored on the farm in traditional structures like Kanaja, Kothi, Sanduka, earthen pots, Gummi and Kacheri. However, indigenous storage structures are not suitable for storing grains for very long periods. The post-harvest losses in two major food grains, viz. rice and wheat where about 75 per cent of the total post-harvest losses occur at the farm level and about 25 per cent at the market level (Basavaraja et al., 2007). The storage losses at different stages have added up to about 36 per cent of the total post-harvest losses in rice and 33.5 per cent in wheat, while harvesting and threshing operations together account for about 17 per cent of total losses in both the crops. Transit losses at different levels have been an important component of post-harvest losses, contributing to about 20 per cent of the total losses. Educating and training the farmers on post-harvest operations would greatly help in reducing the post-harvest losses in food grains. The establishment of small-size cold storage units in the production centres would help in reducing the storage losses. In this direction, the zero energy cool chambers technology developed by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research needs to be popularized. It is high time that both the Central and state governments should think about the severity of the problem of storage losses. One strategy could be that the Food Corporation of India could keep the stocks with the farmers. An adequate organization needs to be set up at the Centre and in the states to take coordinated action in this direction. We should go in for a systems approach rather than piece meal. Establishment of National Grid of rural godowns as per ecological zones is a must. The ‘Save Grain Campaign’ programme needs to be strengthened. In villages, from primary school through to high school and intermediate level the subject of grain storage should be taught. The subject should also be included in the job card of extension workers. Arrangement for training in grain storage for the framers should be made all over the country- in the villages at farmers’ house where 70–80% grain is stored.