This study aimed to analyze the temporal trends of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) in Brazil from 2013 to 2023, comparing young adults (20 to 44 years) to older adults (≥ 45 years). Sex, age, staging, year, and Federative Unit of diagnosis were evaluated for all cases registered under the ICD-C02 code in a public nationwide database. Statistics encompassed the Dickey-Fuller and Mann-Kendall tests, Kendall's Tau coefficient, and Sen's Slope Estimator. The registry of OTSCC increased from 2013 to 2023, with a stronger and more consistent trend in young adults. OTSCC showed a stronger, more consistent, and higher rate of increase in young females than in young males. OTSCC was diagnosed at advanced stages in both age groups. OTSCC increasing trends were pronounced in the North region. This study presented an overview of the temporal trends of OTSCC in Brazil, evidencing an increase among young women.

Biomimetic platelet membrane-engineered nanoplatforms for self-reinforcing ferroptosis-PDT synergy in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Elective neck dissection (END) for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) typically involves level 4 due to potential metastases that may bypass levels 1-2. Our study challenges this notion and investigates the necessity of level 4 inclusion in END for OTSCC. A retrospective cohort study performed in a tertiary-care university affiliated medical center and included all OTSCC patients treated with END from 2000 to 2020, with a minimum 2-year follow-up. The study compared patients with END levels 1-3 to those with levels 1-4 regarding regional recurrence, disease-specific and disease-free survival rates. 120 patients with OTSCC and clinically negative neck were included. END included levels 1-4 in 33 patients (27.5%) and levels 1-3 in the remaining 87 patients (72.5%). Out of all 33 patients who underwent END of levels 1-4, only 1 patient had level 4 metastasis (3%). There was no significant difference in the regional recurrence rate (21.8% vs. 18.2%, p = 0.66) and level 4 recurrence rate (3.5% vs. 3%, p = 0.91) between the groups. No difference regarding 5-years overall, disease-specific, and disease-free survival was demonstrated between the 1-3 END and 1-4 END groups (69.3% vs. 61.1%, Log-rank p = 0.7, 82% vs. 66.2%, Log-rank p = 0.15% and 66.4% vs. 60.7%, Log-rank p = 0.54, respectively). Inclusion of level 4 in the elective neck dissection for OTSCC does not seem to improve regional control, disease-free and overall survival. Hence, elective neck dissection of levels 1-3 seems appropriate for most cases of OTSCC, as for other oral cavity subsites.

Prediction of lymph node metastasis and recurrence risk in early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma with fully automated MRI deep learning.

Although not widely known, several types of cancers express histamine. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue is one such cancer, and histamine expression is associated with the tumor microenvironment. Our aim was to examine whether histamine expression is a useful prognostic factor for tongue SCC. Histamine cannot be accurately measured directly because it is rapidly degraded after secretion. Therefore, L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC), an enzyme that synthesizes histamine in a single step, was used to estimate histamine secretion. In a retrospective study, tongue SCC samples from patients were immunohistochemically stained for HDC; the staining intensity was semi-quantified and evaluated relative to indices used in histopathological diagnosis. High expression of HDC was associated with the worst tumor invasion and tumor budding. Overall survival curves revealed that patients with tongue SCC showing high HDC expression had a poor prognosis. The expression of histamine may be a prognostic indicator for tongue SCC.

Trans-hairline robotic neck dissection and robotic microvascular free flap reconstruction in oral cavity cancer.

Comparative analysis of HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in patients with base of tongue, cervical, and tonsillar squamous cell carcinomas: Indications of a shift in HPV genotype patterns

DPM1 expression as a potential prognostic tumor marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Evaluation of the Apoptotic Effect of Carbamazepine on Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line (In Vitro study)

Automatic prediction of depth of invasion in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma using a multimodal regression network fusing prior text and anatomical knowledge.

Elaeodendron buchananii (Loes.) Loes. stem bark: Unveiling the phytochemical profiles and selective bioactivity to combat tongue cancer.

An interpretable machine learning model using SHapley Additive exPlanations for preoperative cervical lymph node metastasis risk stratification in tongue squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter study.

To identify T1N0M0 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) patient subgroups benefiting most from neck dissection (ND) based on the SEER database. Patients with T1N0M0 OTSCC were identified from the SEER database. Propensity score-matching (PSM) was utilized to balance baseline characteristics between ND and non-ND groups. Survival differences between these groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis and log-rank tests. Additionally, a multivariable Cox regression model was applied to the pre-matched cohort to identify independent prognostic factors. In total, 2426 cases were included. In the multivariable model adjusted for key prognosticators, ND was an independent factor associated with significantly improved OS and DSS. After PSM, 1702 well-balanced patients were analyzed. Subgroup analyses based on tumor characteristics revealed that favorable survival outcomes associated with ND were predominantly observed in patients with tumor sizes 11-20 mm and those with moderate or poor/undifferentiated differentiation. For patients with small tumors (1-10 mm) or well-differentiated histology, survival outcomes were comparable between the ND and observation groups. ND was associated with improved survival for T1N0M0 OTSCC patients with 11-20 mm tumors and moderate/poor/undifferentiated differentiation. For patients with smaller tumors (1-10 mm) or well-differentiated histology, the observation strategy had demonstrated survival benefits comparable to ND.

To evaluate the prognostic value of the worst pattern of invasion-5 (WPOI-5) for patients with pathologically early-stage and low-risk oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). A total of 224 patients treated between 2005 and 2016 were analyzed. WPOI-5 was defined as tumor satellites ≥ 1 mm from the main tumor or nearest satellite. Its prognostic impact on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) was assessed, and a WPOI-5-based nomogram was developed. Patients with WPOI-5 had significantly worse 5-year CSS and LRRFS (both p < 0.001). In Cox analysis, WPOI-5 independently predicted poorer CSS (HR 6.908, p = 0.006) and LRRFS (HR 14.910, p < 0.001). Adding WPOI-5 improved the nomogram's 5-year LRRFS AUC from 0.789 to 0.842. WPOI-5 is an adverse prognostic factor in pathologically early-stage, low-risk OTSCC and may justify trials of adjuvant therapy in these patients.

Cisplatin resistance in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) correlates with poor prognosis, where natural killer (NK) cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a crucial role. This study investigated the mechanism by which exosomes from cisplatin-resistant TSCC cells suppress NK cell function. We found that exosomal long non-coding RNA SNHG26, highly enriched in cisplatin-resistant TSCC cells and their exosomes, was transferred to NK cells. Within NK cells, SNHG26 acted as a scaffold promoting WWP2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of the transcription factor SOX2, thereby inhibiting HLA-DRA transcription and subsequent IL-2/JAK-STAT5 signaling. Concurrently, SNHG26 competitively bound miR-515-5p, relieving its suppression of TGFB1 mRNA and activating the TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway. These dual mechanisms significantly impaired NK cell proliferation, activation, and cytotoxicity. SNHG26 depletion reversed NK cell suppression and cisplatin resistance in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our study identifies exosomal SNHG26 as a key mediator of cisplatin resistance and NK cell dysfunction in TSCC, suggesting its potential as a promising therapeutic target.

Background In patients with clinically non-metastatic (N0) oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), occult metastases remain a critical determinant of survival. Aims/Objectives This study evaluates sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) utilizing dual ICG fluorescent and 99mTc radioactive tracers as a less invasive technique to detect lymphatic dissemination, compared to elective neck dissection. The primary objective was to determine the sensitivity and negative predictive value of SLNB. Secondary objectives included characterizing the distribution of sentinel nodes (SNs) and metastases and to assess recurrence rates. Material and Methods 40 consecutive T1-T3N0 OTSCC (C02.1) patients underwent SLNB followed by ipsilateral modified neck dissection. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Results The study demonstrated a sensitivity of 92.3% (95% CI: 66.7–98.6%) and a negative predictive value of 96.4% (95% CI: 82.3–99.4%) for SLNB. In 53% of the cases, SNs were identified outside of ipsilateral levels 1–3, with 13% in the contralateral neck. Metastatic involvement of SNs outside ipsilateral levels 1–3 occurred in 42% of cases, and contralateral metastases in 8%. The overall recurrence rate was 13%, with isolated regional recurrence in 2% of patients. Conclusions and Significance The results suggest that SLNB with combined tracers is an accurate and reliable alternative to neck dissection for evaluating lymphatic spread in early-stage OTSCC.

Plumbagin remodels the tumor immune microenvironment to overcome cisplatin resistance in tongue squamous cell carcinoma via KLF2 activation and ZWINT/NF-κB inhibition.

X-ray fluorescence analysis of elemental concentrations in human tongue tissues: Distinguishing healthy from carcinoma profiles.

Correlation between HPV infection in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma and lymph node metastasis

Radiobiological effects of AB-BNCT on tongue squamous cell carcinoma: An in vitro and in vivo study.