Tomography For Detection Research Articles

Diagnostic precision of endoscopic ultrasound versus contrast-enhanced computed tomography in detection of vascular involvement in pancreatic and periampullary cancers as compared to surgery

Diagnostic precision of endoscopic ultrasound versus contrast-enhanced computed tomography in detection of vascular involvement in pancreatic and periampullary cancers as compared to surgery

Accuracy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Detection of Strip Root Canal Perforations Using Two Different Voxel Sizes in Comparison to Digital Periapical Radiograph with a Parallel Technique, An in vitro study

Accuracy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Detection of Strip Root Canal Perforations Using Two Different Voxel Sizes in Comparison to Digital Periapical Radiograph with a Parallel Technique, An in vitro study

Role of Dual Energy Computed Tomography in Detection of Pulmonary Thromboembolism - A Prospective Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Centre of Central India

Role of Dual Energy Computed Tomography in Detection of Pulmonary Thromboembolism - A Prospective Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Centre of Central India

Comparative evaluation of the accuracy of electronic apex locators and cone-beam computed tomography in detection of root canal perforation and working length during endodontic retreatment

BackgroundTo evaluate the accuracy of the electronic apex locators (EALs), and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scanning, both in working length (WL) determination and in the detection of root canal perforations in retreatment cases.MethodsSixty human mandibular premolars were selected. After crown removal partially and canal access, root canals were instrumented and irrigated. The obturation process utilized gutta-percha and sealer with warm vertical compaction. Two groups were distinguished: one without perforation (Group 1) and the other with an apical third perforation (Group 2). Retreatment included filling removal, apical preparation, and irrigation. Actual working lengths (AWL) were determined using a stereomicroscope. CBCT images were used to measure CBCT working length (CWL), with adjustments for optimal views. Propex II and Dentaport ZX were used to measure electronic working length (EWL). Differences between EWL and AWL, as well as CWL, were analyzed to gauge accuracy. Data underwent Two-way ANOVA analysis. Measurements within ± 0.5 and ± 1 mm tolerance ranges were deemed successful for each device, followed by applying the Pearson Chi-square test.ResultsThe study reveals no significant inter-group variations in device performance (p > .05). Dentaport ZX missed detecting perforation in two Group 2 (apical perforation) cases. For ± 1 mm tolerance, Propex II displayed the highest success in Group 2 (apical perforation).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the comparable performance of Propex II, Dentaport ZX, and CBCT in endodontic retreatment, providing insights into diagnostic reliability.

On the capability of high redshift kSZ measurement with galaxy surveys

The kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect has been detected at z < 1 using various techniques and data sets. The ongoing and upcoming spectroscopic galaxy surveys such as DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) and PFS (Prime Focus Spectrograph) will push the detection beyond z = 1, and therefore map the baryon distribution at high redshifts. Such detection can be achieved by both the kSZ stacking and tomography methods. While the two methods are theoretically equivalent, they differ significantly in the probed physics and scales, and required data sets. Taking the combination of PFS and ACT (Atacama Cosmology Telescope) as an example, we build mocks of kSZ and galaxies, quantify the kSZ detection S/N, and compare between the two methods. We segment the PFS galaxies into three redshift bins: 0.6 < z < 1.0, 1.0 < z < 1.6, and 1.6 < z < 2.4. For tomography method, our analysis reveals that the two higher redshift bins exhibit significantly higher S/N ratios, with values of 32 and 28, respectively, compared to the first redshift bin, which yielded an S/N of 8. This is attributed to not only the increasing of electron density with redshifts, but also the larger survey volume and the reduced non-linearity, facilitating velocity reconstruction at higher redshifts. Therefore, the capability of the PFS survey to measure high redshift kSZ effect stands as a substantial advantage over other spectroscopic surveys at lower redshift. The S/N of kSZ stacking largely depends on the number of galaxy groups available from another photometric survey. But in general, its S/N is lower than that of kSZ tomography, largely due to CMB instrument noise and error in galaxy group redshift. Incorporating next-generation CMB surveys like CMB-S4, characterized by significantly reduced instrument noise and improved angular resolution, is expected to enhance tomographic detection by a factor of ten and stacking detection by fivefold. This future high S/N detection holds the promise of not only providing precise constraints on the overall baryon abundance but also initiating a new insight into baryon distribution.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography with Computer Tomography in Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Extrahepatic Metastases

Diagnostic Accuracy of Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography with Computer Tomography in Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Extrahepatic Metastases

Efficiency of Preoperative 64-Channel Multidetector Computed Tomography in Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation due to Liver Cirrhosis: A Comparison of Radiological and Pathological Findings

Efficiency of Preoperative 64-Channel Multidetector Computed Tomography in Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation due to Liver Cirrhosis: A Comparison of Radiological and Pathological Findings

Development of a human-size magnetic particle imaging device for sentinel lymph node biopsy of breast cancer.

In this study, a novel human-size handheld magnetic particle imaging (MPI) system was developed for the high-precision detection of sentinel lymph nodes for breast cancer. The system consisted of a highly sensitive home-made MPI detection probe, a set of concentric coils pair for spatialization, a solenoid coil for uniform excitation at 8kHz@1.5mT, and a full mirrored coil set positioned far away from the scanning area. The mirrored coils formed an extremely effective differential pickup structure which suppressed the system noise as high as 100dB. The different combination of the inner and outer gradient current made the field free point (FFP) move in the Z direction with a uniform intensity of 0.54T/m, while the scanning in the XY direction was implemented mechanically. The third-harmonic signal of the Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) at the FFP was detected and then reconstructed synchronously with the current changes. Experiment results showed that the tomographic detection limit was 30mm in the Z direction, and the sensitivity was about 10μg Fe SPIONs at 40mm distance with a spatial resolution of about 5mm. In the rat experiment, 54μg intramuscular injected SPIONs were detected successfully in the sentinel lymph node, in which the tracer content was about 1.2% total injected Fe. Additionally, the effective detection time window was confirmed from 4 to 6min after injection. Relevant clinical ethics are already in the application process. Large mammalian SLNB MPI experiments and 3D preoperative SLNB imaging will be performed in the future.

The accuracy of detailed analysis of optical coherence tomography in detection of plaque lipid content: dual-imaging study with optical coherence tomography and near-infrared spectroscopy

Background Lipid-rich plaque covered by a thin fibrous cap (FC) has been identified as a frequent morphological substrate for the development of acute coronary syndrome. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) permits the identification and measurement of the FC. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been approved for detection of coronary lipids. Aims We aimed to assess the ability of detailed OCT analysis to identify coronary lipids, using NIRS as the reference method. Methods In total, 40 patients with acute coronary syndrome underwent imaging of a non-culprit lesion by both NIRS and OCT. For each segment, the NIRS-derived 4 mm segment with maximal lipid core burden index (maxLCBI4mm) was assessed. OCT analysis was performed using a semi-automated method including measurement of the fibrous cap thickness (FCT) of all detected fibroatheromas. Subsequent quantitative volumetric evaluation furnished FCT, FC surface area (FC SA), lipid arc, and FC (fibrous cap) volume data. OCT features of lipid plaques were compared with maxLCBI4mm. Predictors of maxLCBI4mm >400 was assessed by using univariable and multivariable analysis. Results OCT features (mean FCT, total FC SA, FC volume, maximal, mean, and total lipid arcs) strongly correlated with the maxLCBI4mm (p = 0.012 for the mean FCT, respectively p < 0.001 for all other aforementioned features). The strongest predictors of maxLCBI4mm >400 were the maximal (p = 0.002) and mean (p = 0.002) lipid arc, and total FC SA (p = 0.012). Conclusions We found a strong correlation between the OCT-derived features and NIRS findings. Detailed OCT analysis may be reliably used for detection of the presence of coronary lipids.

Multidetector computed tomography in detection of pulmonary complications in patients with hematological neoplastic disorders

Background Hematologic malignancy patients are liable to have pulmonary complications along the course of the disease due to the disease itself or its treatment. Aim Our study aimed to evaluate the role of multidetector computed tomography in detecting pulmonary complications in hematologic neoplasm patients. Patients and methods In all, 30 patients with hematological neoplastic disorders in this prospective study underwent radiological imaging for assessment of pulmonary complications at the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Medical Imaging, at Tanta University Hospitals and Tanta Cancer Center from 2019 to 2022. In all, 16 patients were males and 14 were females. Their age range was from 17 to 70 years with a mean age of 46.57 ± 13.56 years. Results Computed tomography showed an overall diagnostic accuracy of 100% in the diagnosis of amalgamated lymph nodes, pulmonary edema, and coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia; otherwise, the least diagnostic accuracy was in the diagnosis of inflammatory conditions which was 90%. Thus, computed tomography showed very good results in almost all pulmonary complications except for inflammatory conditions. Conclusion Multidetector computed tomography is a very good modality in the early diagnosis of pulmonary complications in hematologic neoplasm patients.

Predictive Ability Of More Than 3-day Pre-atrial Fibrillation Ablation Cardiac Computed Tomography In Detection Of Left Atrial Thrombus

Predictive Ability Of More Than 3-day Pre-atrial Fibrillation Ablation Cardiac Computed Tomography In Detection Of Left Atrial Thrombus

DETECTABILITY AND ANATOMICAL CORRELATION OF MIDDLE EAR CHOLESTEATOMA USING NON ECHO PLANAR DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED IMAGING AND HIGH RESOLUTION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

This study was conducted to evaluate the role of non-echoplanar diffusion weighted imaging with apparent decient coefcient values and high resolution computed tomography in detection and anatomical extend of middle ear cholesteatoma, the extent of invasion of cholesteatoma using diffusion weighted imaging and high resolution computed tomography, and ability of MRI non-echoplanar DWI sequence unequivocally conrming the diagnosis of cholesteatoma. A cross sectional study with a t Materials and method: otal of 32 patients was conducted at Chettinad Hospitals and Research Institute's Department of Radiology between January 2020 and July 2021 after being diagnosed with chronic otitis media using otoscope as per inclusion and exclusion crietria . Written informed consent was taken to participate in the study, which was authorised by our institution's ethics committee. All statistical analyses we Results: re carried out on Microsoft Windows PCs using the SPSS, version 17. The descriptive data was represented using numbers and %ages. The data was expressed using the mean and standard deviation. To analyse qualitative data, the chi-square test was used. The screening test was carried out utilising a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve developed by the researchers. A p value 0.05 was judged statistically signicant on both sides of the equation. Combining DWI with HRCT is a Conclusion: valuable method for evaluating the soft tissue of the middle ear. It has high sensitivity and specicity for detecting all primary cholesteatomas in their various stages of development

Curvature Sensing-Based Pupil Alignment Method for Large-Aperture Telescopes

In optical systems, pupil alignment is an important component of wavefront sensing, closed-loop feedback, and imaging vignetting control because it directly affects the detection limit of the system and thus the realization of scientific goals. This study proposes the use of the energy transfer characteristics of the pupil edge to determine the misalignment of each pupil. The mechanism involves decoupling the influence of each pupil from the final exit pupil energy distribution by using aperture coding without the addition of other optical paths. The degree to which the pupil is aligned is characterized by the normalized point source sensitivity (PSSn). The pupil misalignment PSSn increased from 0.75 to 0.83. The results of this study can be used to perform tomographic detection of pupil alignment and obtain high-quality telescopic images.

Artificial Intelligence Assisted Computational Tomographic Detection of Lung Nodules for Prognostic Cancer Examination: A Large-Scale Clinical Trial.

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has emerged as a standard method for detecting early-stage lung cancer. However, the tedious computer tomography (CT) slide reading, patient-by-patient check, and lack of standard criteria to determine the vague but possible nodule leads to variable outcomes of CT slide interpretation. To determine the artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted CT examination, AI algorithm-assisted CT screening was embedded in the hospital picture archiving and communication system, and a 200 person-scaled clinical trial was conducted at two medical centers. With AI algorithm-assisted CT screening, the sensitivity of detecting nodules sized 4-5 mm, 6~10 mm, 11~20 mm, and &gt;20 mm increased by 41%, 11.2%, 10.3%, and 18.7%, respectively. Remarkably, the overall sensitivity of detecting varied nodules increased by 20.7% from 67.7% to 88.4%. Furthermore, the sensitivity increased by 18.5% from 72.5% to 91% for detecting ground glass nodules (GGN), which is challenging for radiologists and physicians. The free-response operating characteristic (FROC) AI score was ≥0.4, and the AI algorithm standalone CT screening sensitivity reached &gt;95% with an area under the localization receiver operating characteristic curve (LROC-AUC) of &gt;0.88. Our study demonstrates that AI algorithm-embedded CT screening significantly ameliorates tedious LDCT practices for doctors.

Comments on “Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Detection of Costovertebral Joint Injury after Cervical Spine Surgery: A Case Report” by Ko et al.

Comments on “Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Detection of Costovertebral Joint Injury after Cervical Spine Surgery: A Case Report” by Ko et al.

Reply to the Comments on “Single-Photon Emission-Computed Tomography in Detection of Costovertebral Joint Injury after Cervical Spine Surgery: A Case Report” by Ko et al.

Reply to the Comments on “Single-Photon Emission-Computed Tomography in Detection of Costovertebral Joint Injury after Cervical Spine Surgery: A Case Report” by Ko et al.

Diagnostic accuracy of triphasic CT scan abdomen in the diagnosis of distal esophageal varices taking endoscopic findings as gold standard.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography in detection of esophageal varices in patients with hrpatic cirrhosis. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kot Khawaja Saeed Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Period: January, 2021 to July, 2021. Material &amp; Methods: Two hundred seventy five patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis were included in our study. Multidetector CT of the abdomen was performed using multislice CT and the findings were recorded. The cases underwent endoscopy within the subsequent 8 weeks. The results of MDCT were compared with endoscopy findings, which were taken as gold standard. Results: We found 190 true-positives, 80 true-negatives, 03 false-negatives, and 02 false-positive results. MDCT demonstrated a sensitivity of 98.4%, a specificity of 97.6%, PPV of 99.0%, NPV of 96.4%, and an accuracy of 98.1%. Extra-esophageal findings on MDCT included other porto-systemic collaterals and hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion: MDCT is an effective modality for diagnosis of esophageal varices and can be used as a screening test for varices. CT also permits evaluation of extra-luminal pathology that impacts management.

Tomographic detection of photon pairs produced from high-energy X-rays for the monitoring of radiotherapy dosing

Measuring the radiation dose reaching a patient’s body is difficult. Here we report a technique for the tomographic reconstruction of the location of photon pairs originating from the annihilation of positron–electron pairs produced by high-energy X-rays travelling through tissue. We used Monte Carlo simulations on pre-recorded data from tissue-mimicking phantoms and from a patient with a brain tumour to show the feasibility of this imaging modality, which we named ‘pair-production tomography’, for the monitoring of radiotherapy dosing. We simulated three image-reconstruction methods, one applicable to a pencil X-ray beam scanning through a region of interest, and two applicable to the excitation of tissue volumes via broad beams (with temporal resolution sufficient to identify coincident photon pairs via filtered back projection, or with higher temporal resolution sufficient for the estimation of a photon’s time-of-flight). In addition to the monitoring of radiotherapy dosing, we show that image contrast resulting from pair-production tomography is highly proportional to the material’s atomic number. The technique may thus also allow for element mapping and for soft-tissue differentiation.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Digital Periapical Radiography and Cone-beam Computed Tomography in Detection of Simulated External Root Resorption

Diagnostic Accuracy of Digital Periapical Radiography and Cone-beam Computed Tomography in Detection of Simulated External Root Resorption

Role of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography in Detection of Early Recurrence with Peritoneal Disease in a Case of Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon and highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Common sites of metastasis are lung, liver, and lymph nodes. We present a case of ACC in a 54-year-old female with an early disease recurrence of unusual hypervascular peritoneal metastatic abdominal-pelvic deposits detected on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan.