Tomography Imaging In Diagnosis Research Articles

421 Migratory Foreign Bodies in Theaero-Digestive Tract: The Importance of Computerised Tomography (CT) Imaging

Abstract Aim We discuss this case to stress the role of computerized tomography imaging in diagnosis of foreign bodies of the upper aerodigestive tract and propose an algorithm for management of such cases. Case Presentation A 35-year-old male presented with dysphagia and swelling in the left lower part of the neck for 2 days. He gave a history of suspected fish bone ingestion one week prior, followed by pain and discomfort in the throat. Patient underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which was inconclusive. The patient was reassured and sent home. Examination showed 3 x 4cm soft tender swelling in the left lower part of the neck. Computed tomography showed heterogeneously enhancing soft tissue density with multiple air shadows in the left para-pharyngeal space [fig 1]. Long, narrow, calcified lesion was present in the midst of the soft tissue density, suspected to be a fish bone [fig 2]. Vertical incision was made along the anterior border of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle and 20 ml pus was drained. Carotid sheath was identified and was swollen, surrounded by extensive granulation tissue. Fish bone was found adjacent to the thyroid lobe [Fig 3], was removed - it was serrated and four cm in length [Fig 4]. Repeat endoscopy and a barium meal showed no leak. He was discharged with oral antibiotics for two weeks with no further follow up. Conclusions Accidental fish bone ingestion is a very common situation in otarhynological emergencies. The role of CT imaging in the management of rare instances like perforation and migration of foreign bodies can prevent serious and life-threatening complications.

Machine Learning-Based Head Computerized Tomography Imaging in Diagnosis and Surgery Treatment of Hypertension Cerebral Hemorrhage

The aim of this study was to explore the adoption of computerized tomography (CT) based on machine learning in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral hemorrhage. A total of 150 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage who underwent surgical treatment in hospital in the recent three years were selected. All patients underwent brain CT examination, and image data were collected. FCM, DRLSRE, FCRLS, and other algorithms were utilized to segment the patient’s bleeding region, and the segmentation performance of each algorithm was compared. Based on the FCRLS algorithm segmentation, the bleeding area was calculated by using the function in the MATLAB toolbox. Based on the previous research, a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system was designed and verified. The results showed that FCRLS had the best segmentation effect and the fastest segmentation speed for discontinuous and irregular bleeding areas. The CAD system can obtain the information of bleeding site, bleeding amount, midline displacement, and ventricle compression comprehensively and accurately. The accuracy of this system was 94% and 86% for hematoma of patients with rapid bleeding and those with slow bleeding, respectively. The overall accuracy was 91.3%. To sum up, the CAD system based on machine learning and head CT image had good diagnostic effect for patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and had high clinical adoption value.

Application of Computed Tomography Imaging in Diagnosis of Endocrine Nerve of Gastric Cancer and Nursing Intervention Effect

In this article, some parameters and characteristics of computed tomography (CT) images in patients with gastric cancer are analyzed and the application of CT images in the diagnosis of gastric cancer endocrine nerves and the impact of nursing intervention on the quality and mental state of CT images of patients with gastric cancer are discussed. First, all patients were scanned with CT, and the CT values of the normal stomach wall and all lesions at different single-energy levels were recorded separately. Second, the improved back propagation network model was applied to realize the diagnosis of gastric cancer through the analysis of various features of CT images. The effect of nursing intervention on the image quality and mental state of CT imaging of patients with gastric cancer was studied. The results show that the energy spectrum curve of CT images and the improved back propagation network model are helpful for the initial diagnosis and identification of gastric cancer. Nursing intervention has a good influence on the clinical examination, image diagnosis, and psychological state of patients with gastric cancer, and it is easy for patients to undergo image diagnosis and examination according to correct operating procedures.

Role of Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging in Diagnosis and Staging of Lung Cancer

Role of Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging in Diagnosis and Staging of Lung Cancer

Incidence of neoplasia in patients with clinically suspicious nasal lesions and the value of computed tomography imaging in diagnosis.

There is no consensus as to whether all routine bilateral polypectomy specimens should be sent for formal histopathological diagnosis to exclude underlying neoplastic pathology. This study assessed the necessity for histopathological investigation as routine practice in cases of bilateral and unilateral nasal lesions by estimating the incidence of unexpected pathologies. It also evaluated the ability of computed tomography to predict histopathological diagnosis in patients with unilateral nasal lesions. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 98 patients undergoing nasal polypectomy over a 12-month period. Five of 23 patients with a unilateral lesion on nasendoscopy had inverted papillomas on histopathological examination. None of the 75 patients with clinically bilateral lesions on nasendoscopy showed evidence of neoplasia on histopathological examination. Patients with inverted papillomas had significantly lower total Lund-Mackay scores than those with bilateral polyps. Asymmetry scores of inverted papilloma patients were significantly higher compared to both bilateral and unilateral polyps patients. The results suggest that histopathological diagnosis is only necessary in unilateral lesion patients as no unexpected histopathological diagnoses were made in bilateral lesion patients. Computed tomography imaging may have a role in predicting histopathological diagnosis by demonstrating asymmetry and less overall sinus opacification in patients with neoplastic lesions.

Current and future status on cardiac computed tomography imaging for diagnosis and risk stratification

Computed tomography (CT) permits cross-sectional imaging with high spatial resolution and has, during the past years, undergone tremendous development mainly concerning the temporal resolution. By use of multidetector spiral technology, as well as electrocardiography-gated image acquisition and reconstruction techniques, 16- and 64-slice CT permits visualization of cardiac morphology and function. In this context, however, CT imaging does not play a major clinical role because other imaging methods (mainly echocardiography) usually provide all necessary information. Under certain conditions, multidetector CT also permits visualization of the coronary arteries. Detection of coronary calcification, as well as coronary CT angiography, can provide clinically useful information if applied to suitable patient groups. It is foreseeable that CT angiography will become part of the routine workup in some subsets of patients with suspected coronary artery disease, either alone or in combination with other imaging techniques. Among the limitations of cardiac CT are the requirement of a regular (and preferably low) heart rate, the associated x-ray exposure, and the need for an iodinated contrast agent for most applications. It is important to note that reliable and accurate results will require use of the most advanced CT scanner technology, optimal image quality, and sufficient experience in the acquisition and interpretation of cardiac CT data sets.