Inconsistency Tolerance Research Articles

Penerapan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process dalam Penentuan Supplier Terbaik PT Supraco Indonesia

Inventory management at PT Supraco Indonesia aims to ensure condition amount material inventory quickly and accurately, ensure material arrives according to material list, controls quality the material according to predetermined standards and presents to client. Making analysis the best supplier selection at PT Supraco Indonesia using AHP (Analitycal Hierarchy Process) method requires analysis to select the best supplier. AHP is a decision support model method that describes complex multi-factor or multi-criteria problems into a hierarchy. AHP is used as a problem solving method with the reason of taking into account validity up inconsistency tolerance limit as criteria and alternatives chosen by decision maker. The criterion thatmost influence on selection of suppliers for PT Supraco Indonesia is Quality with the highest weight of 0.73. Calculation the weight of alternative values for each criterion, it was obtained that highest weighted Quality criterion was obtained by Aqua Terra, on Cost criterion highest weight was obtained by Manunggal, on Delivery criterion the highest weight was obtained by Sentra Medika. Based on the results of calculating all the criteria and alternatives in analysis of the best supplier selection, where Aqua Terra has the best performance while supplier with lowest performance is Sentra Medika.

Facilitators and barriers to clinical practice guideline-consistent supportive care at pediatric oncology institutions: a Children\u2019s Oncology Group study

BackgroundClinical practice guideline (CPG)-consistent care improves patient outcomes, but CPG implementation is poor. Little is known about CPG implementation in pediatric oncology. This study aimed to understand supportive care CPG implementation facilitators and barriers at pediatric oncology National Cancer Institute (NCI) Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) institutions.MethodsHealthcare professionals at 26 pediatric, Children's Oncology Group-member, NCORP institutions were invited to participate in face-to-face focus groups. Serial focus groups were held until saturation of ideas was reached. Supportive care CPG implementation facilitators and barriers were solicited using nominal group technique (NGT), and implementation of specific supportive care CPG recommendations was discussed. Notes from each focus group were analyzed using a directed content analysis. The top five themes arising from an analysis of NGT items were identified, first from each focus group and then across all focus groups.ResultsSaturation of ideas was reached after seven focus groups involving 35 participants from 18 institutions. The top five facilitators of CPG implementation identified across all focus groups were organizational factors including charging teams with CPG implementation, individual factors including willingness to standardize care, user needs and values including mentorship, system factors including implementation structure, and implementation strategies including a basis in science. The top five barriers of CPG implementation identified were organizational factors including tolerance for inconsistencies, individual factors including lack of trust, system factors including administrative hurdles, user needs and values including lack of inclusivity, and professional including knowledge gaps.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals at pediatric NCORP institutions believe that organizational factors are the most important determinants of supportive care CPG implementation. They believe that CPG-consistent supportive care is most likely to be delivered in organizations that prioritize evidence-based care, provide structure and resources to implement CPGs, and eliminate implementation barriers.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02847130. Date of registration: July 28, 2016.

Message Sidedness Effects in Advertising: The Role of Yin-Yang Balancing Theory

Past research has shown mixed results regarding the persuasiveness of two-sided messages. Various underlying constructs were suggested to explain the differences in results. This study draws on the Yin-Yang Balancing (YYB) theory and the construct of tolerance for contradiction (i.e., the tolerance for inconsistency and resolution among contrasts) to explain differences in the effectiveness of two-sided ads. The study consisted of a cross-cultural survey involving Easterners, who hold typically higher tolerance for contradiction, with Westerners characterized by a lower tolerance for contradiction. A series of analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted to explore the difference between both groups on key variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) tested the proposed conceptual model as a whole and for both groups, highlighting key cross-cultural differences. Additionally, the PROCESS macro was used to test the mediation effects posited in the model. The findings showed that although the tolerance for contradiction does not directly impact purchase intentions, it exerts both direct and indirect effects on purchase intentions through credibility and attitudes for Easterners but not for Westerners. The findings offer important theoretical and managerial implications: Two-sided ads are more effective to consumers with a higher tolerance for contradiction (e.g., Easterners) versus consumers with a lower tolerance for contradiction (e.g., Westerners).

Deriving priorities from pairwise comparison matrices with a novel consistency index

It is important to measure the inconsistency level of a pairwise comparison matrix (PCM) and derive the priority vector in the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). In the present study, a new consistency index is proposed by using the cosine similarity measures of two row/column vectors in a PCM. It is called as the double cosine similarity consistency index (DCSCI) since the row and column vectors are all considered. Some interesting properties of DCSCI are investigated and the thresholds for inconsistency tolerance level are discussed in detail. Then following the idea of DCSCI, we provide a new method for obtaining the priority vector from a PCM. Through maximizing the sum of the cosine similarity measures between the priority vector and the row/column vectors, the priority vector is derived by solving the constructed optimization problem. By analyzing the proposed double cosine similarity maximization (DCSM) method, it is found that the existing cosine maximization (CM) method can be retrieved. By carrying out numerical examples, some comparisons with the existing methods show that the proposed index and method are effective and flexible.

On the transitivity and consistency approximated thresholds of some consistency indices for pairwise comparison matrices

Several measures have been proposed in the literature to verify the rationality and consistency of judgements expressed by means of pairwise comparisons. However, some of these indices lack a meaningful interpretation because of the absence of thresholds associated with them. In this paper, we first introduce the consistency approximated thresholds for the Salo–Hamalainen index by deriving an inconsistency tolerance level, which is analogous to that proposed for the Consistency Ratio by Saaty, for the Geometric Consistency Index by Aguaron–Moreno Jimenez, and for the Consistency Measure by Koczkodaj. Then, via a simulation, we propose a transitivity threshold, for n × n matrices, which may give meaningful information about the degree of misclassification and the reliability of preferences while avoiding the need to revise the judgements. On varying n, we derive the transitivity thresholds for Salo–Hamalainen and for the other consistency indices proposed in literature.

SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN UNTUK PEMBERIAN BEASISWA “PROGRAM JONT DEGREE” UNIVERSITAS BHAYANGKARA SURABAYA MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)

Grant scholarships to students are conducted by the University based on the achievements achieved. Since the last few years Bhayangkara University has run a Joint Degree Program scholarship in cooperation with Thailand, India, and plans to continue to the Netherlands. In scholarship grants, the Universityoften finds it difficult to determine the scholarship recipients, so it is found that scholarships are not accurate due to the manual system for the awarding of scholarships. The decision support system is an information system aimed at assisting the University in solving the problem of awarding Joint Degree Program scholarship. One method that can be used in decision support systems is Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method takes into account the extent of validity to the extent of inconsistency tolerance of the various criteria and alternatives chosen by the decision maker. In this research, the data used is UBHARA student data 3 last generation. The criteria used are GPA, TOEFL score, TPA Test Score, and Value of Communication Skill Test. From the results of experiments carried out the results of manual calculations of the application and manual calculations from the Institute of Cooperation get a presentation 100% equation in determining scholarship recipients. So as to produce the ranking of students, two students with the highest score in each department that will get a Joint Degree Program scholarship.Keywords: Scholarship, Student, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Decision Support System.

Evaluation of Altitude Sensors for a Crop Spraying Drone

This work aims to study and compare different range finders applied to altitude sensing on a rotating wings UAV. The specific application is the altitude maintenance for the fluid deployment valve aperture control in an unmanned pulverization aircraft used in precision agriculture. The influence of a variety of parameters are analyzed, including the tolerance for crop inconsistencies, density variations and intrinsic factors to the process, such as the pulverization fluid interference in the sensor’s readings, as well as their vulnerability to harsh conditions of the operation environment. Filtering and data extraction techniques were applied and analyzed in order to enhance the measurement reliability. As a result, a wide study was performed, enabling better decision making about choosing the most appropriate sensor for each situation under analysis. The performed data analysis was able to provide a reliable baseline to compare the sensors. With a baseline set, it was possible to counterweight the sensors errors and other factors such as the MSE for each environment to provide a summarized score of the sensors. The sensors which provided the best performance in the used metrics and tested environment were Lightware SF11-C and LeddarTech M16.

Approximate thresholds for Salo-Hamalainen index

This paper deals with the consistency of judgments expressed by pairwise comparisons. A consistency check is performed to ensure that judgments are neither random nor illogical. Several measures have been proposed in the literature to verify the rationality of decision makers. Here, we propose approximate thresholds for the Salo-Hamalainen index: we derive an inconsistency tolerance level analogous to that proposed for the Consistency Ratio by Saaty, and for the Geometric Consistency Index by Aguaron-Moreno Jimenez. Furthermore, via a simulation, we propose a threshold for ordinal consistency ensuring the reliability of preferences.

Ontology reasoning and evolution with inconsistency tolerance

Ontology reasoning and evolution with inconsistency tolerance

Implementation of Fuzzy Keyword Search over Encrypted Data in Cloud Computing

With the increased rate of growth and adaptation of cloud computing, daily, more and more sensitive information is being centralized onto the cloud. For the protection of valuable proprietary information, the data must be encrypted before outsourcing. The existing search techniques allow the user to search over encrypted data using keywords but these techniques account for only exact keyword search. There is no tolerance for typos and format inconsistencies which are normal user behaviour. This makes effective data storage and utilization a very challenging task, rendering user searching very frustrating and inefficient. In this paper, we focus on secure storage using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and information retrieval by performing fuzzy keyword search on this encrypted data. We are proposing the implementation of an advanced fuzzy keyword search mechanism called the Wildcard Based technique which returns the matching files when users’ searching inputs exactly match the predefined keywords or the closest possible matching files based on similarity keyword semantics, when exact match fails. In the proposed solution, we exploit edit distance to quantify keywords similarity and develop an efficient technique for constructing fuzzy keyword sets, which focus on reducing the storage and representation overheads.

Brand equity for origin-bounded brands

The article expands on the current brand equity literature by recommending new assets and liabilities unique to brands that are bounded to their origins (OBBs). These are brands that are inseparable from their origins, as is the case with most wines. A review of both the origin and branding literature is undertaken and a conceptual approach is used to propose the different ways that OBBs may build brand equity. Brand assets specific to OBBs are detailed, such as tolerance for inconsistencies, authenticity perceptions and origin loyalty. Likewise a specific liability, lack of origin recognition is also examined. Finally, consequences of origin-driven brand equity are outlined and include: encouraged hedonic and ego-political consumption values, limited purchase of counterfeit products and decreased price sensitivity. Before this article, very little conceptual and empirical literature addressed the concept of brands that are bounded to their origin. The article describes possibilities for future research pertaining to this important category of brands, present not only in the wine industry but also common to a variety of other product categories.

Tolerance for inconsistency in foreign-accented speech

Are listeners able to adapt to a foreign-accented speaker who has, as is often the case, an inconsistent accent? Two groups of native Dutch listeners participated in a cross-modal priming experiment, either in a consistent-accent condition (German-accented items only) or in an inconsistent-accent condition (German-accented and nativelike pronunciations intermixed). The experimental words were identical for both groups (words with vowel substitutions characteristic of German-accented speech); additional contextual words differed in accentedness (German-accented or nativelike words). All items were spoken by the same speaker: a German native who could produce the accented forms but could also pass for a Dutch native speaker. Listeners in the consistent-accent group were able to adapt quickly to the speaker (i.e., showed facilitatory priming for words with vocalic substitutions). Listeners in the inconsistent-accent condition showed adaptation to words with vocalic substitutions only in the second half of the experiment. These results indicate that adaptation to foreign-accented speech is rapid. Accent inconsistency slows listeners down initially, but a short period of additional exposure is enough for them to adapt to the speaker. Listeners can therefore tolerate inconsistency in foreign-accented speech.

Paraconsistency and Plausible Argumentation in Generative Grammar: A Case Study

While the analytical philosophy of science regards inconsistent theories as disastrous, Chomsky allows for the temporary tolerance of inconsistency between the hypotheses and the data. However, in linguistics there seem to be several types of inconsistency. The present paper aims at the development of a novel metatheoretical framework which provides tools for the representation and evaluation of inconsistencies in linguistic theories. The metatheoretical model relies on a system of paraconsistent logic and distinguishes between strong and weak inconsistency. Strong inconsistency is destructive in that it leads to logical chaos. In contrast, weak inconsistency may be constructive, because it is capable of accounting for the simultaneous presence of seemingly incompatible structures. However, paraconsistent logic cannot grasp the dynamism of the emergence and resolution of weak inconsistencies. Therefore, the metatheoretical approach is extended to plausible argumentation. The workability of this metatheoretical model is tested with the help of a detailed case study on an analysis of discontinuous constituents in Government-Binding Theory.

The Unexpected Applicability of Paraconsistent Logic: A Chomskyan Route to Dialetheism

Paraconsistent logics are characterized by rejection of ex falso quodlibet, the principle of explosion, which states that from a contradiction, anything can be derived. Strikingly these logics have found a wide range of application, despite the misgivings of philosophers as prominent as Lewis and Putnam. Such applications, I will argue, are of significant philosophical interest. They suggest ways to employ these logics in philosophical and scientific theories. To this end I will sketch out a ‘naturalized semantic dialetheism’ following Priest’s early suggestion that the principles governing human natural language may well be inconsistent. There will be a significant deviation from Priest’s work, namely, the assumption of a broadly Chomskyan picture of semantics. This allows us to explain natural language inconsistency tolerance without commitment to contentious views in formal logic.

Culture Moderates the Pliability of Ambivalent Attitudes

Ambivalent attitudes are comprised of conflicting components. In response to this evaluative conflict, North Americans are more likely to change high ambivalent attitudes than low ambivalent attitudes. However, East Asians exhibit greater tolerance for inconsistencies than do North Americans. Hence, we hypothesized that culture would interact with ambivalence in influencing the degree of attitude change in response to a persuasive attempt. Results indicated that culture significantly moderated the relationship between ambivalence and attitude pliability, such that ambivalence and the degree of attitude change were positively associated for European Canadians but not for East Asian Canadians. These results add to the extant literature on attitudinal ambivalence, demonstrating cultural variability in the pliability of ambivalent attitudes.

Inconsistency-Tolerant Integrity Checking

All methods for efficient integrity checking require all integrity constraints to be totally satisfied, before any update is executed. However, a certain amount of inconsistency is the rule, rather than the exception in databases. In this paper, we close the gap between theory and practice of integrity checking, i.e., between the unrealistic theoretical requirement of total integrity and the practical need for inconsistency tolerance, which we define for integrity checking methods. We show that most of them can still be used to check whether updates preserve integrity, even if the current state is inconsistent. Inconsistency-tolerant integrity checking proves beneficial both for integrity preservation and query answering. Also, we show that it is useful for view updating, repairs, schema evolution, and other applications.

Responses to the ‘policy science’ problem: reflections on the politics of development

Taking as its point of departure the failure of the ‘policy science’ project, the article discusses the declining authority of ‘one size fits all’ policy advice. It relates this to the absence of a robust empirical basis for such positions, as shown by the cross-country regressions literature, and relates it also to changes in a range of disciplines, including natural sciences and mathematics. It discusses the rising tolerance for inconsistency between implementation logics and argues that these issues, while of general importance, are most obvious in the context of development, where ‘one size fits all’ policy logics have been heavily contested.

Juggling multiple racial identities: Malleable racial identification and psychological well-being.

The authors examined the link between malleable racial identification and psychological well-being among self-identified multiracial adults. Malleable racial identification refers to the tendency to identify with different racial identities across different social contexts. Results across three studies suggested that malleable racial identification was associated with lower psychological well-being. Study 2 found that unstable regard (i.e., fluctuating private regard about their multiracial background) was the mechanism through which malleable racial identification predicted lower psychological health. Results of Study 3 suggested that dialectical self-views played an important moderating role that determines whether malleability is associated with negative psychological outcomes. The present studies uniquely show that malleable racial identification among multiracial people is maladaptive for psychological health, but that this may depend on whether or not people have tolerance for ambiguity and inconsistency in the self.

Inconsistency tolerance in P2P data integration: An epistemic logic approach

We study peer-to-peer ( P 2 P ) data integration, where each peer models an autonomous system that exports data in terms of its own schema, and data interoperation is achieved by means of mappings among the peer schemas, rather than through a unique global schema. We propose a multi-modal epistemic logical formalization based on the idea that each peer is conceived as a rational agent that exchanges knowledge/belief with other peers, thus nicely modeling the modular structure of the system. We then address the issue of dealing with possible inconsistencies, and distinguish between two types of inconsistencies, called local and P2P, respectively. We define a nonmonotonic extension of our logic that is able to reason on the beliefs of peers under both local and P2P inconsistency tolerance. Tolerance to local inconsistency essentially means that the presence of inconsistency within one peer does not affect the consistency of the whole system. Tolerance to P2P inconsistency means being able to resolve inconsistencies arising from the interaction between peers. We study query answering in the new nonmonotonic logic, with the main goal of establishing its decidability and its computational complexity. Indeed, we show that, under reasonable assumptions on peer schemas, query answering is decidable, and is coNP-complete with respect to data complexity, i.e., the size of the data stored at the peers.

An Argumentation Framework based on Paraconsistent Logic

Argumentation is the most representative of intelligent activities of humans. Therefore, it is natural to think that it could have many implications for artificial intelligence and computer science as well. Specifically, argumentation may be considered a most primitive capability for interaction among computational agents. In this paper we present an argumentation framework based on the four-valued paraconsistent logic. Tolerance and acceptance of inconsistency that this logic has as its logical feature allow for arguments on inconsistent knowledge bases with which we are often confronted. We introduce various concepts for argumentation, such as arguments, attack relations, argument justification, preferential criteria of arguments based on social norms, and so on, in a way proper to the four-valued paraconsistent logic. Then, we provide the fixpoint semantics and dialectical proof theory for our argumentation framework. We also give the proofs of the soundness and completeness.