Science Today Research Articles

Mechanical energy at the origins of life

Mechanical energy at the origins of life Did mechanical energy power life’s origins before chemical energy such as ATP was available?. Mechanobiology is a hot topic in science today, with special issues on the subject in scientific journals. Was mechanical energy a way to form chemical bonds before the origin of life made mechanobiology possible? This makes a lot of sense, because life was not around yet to synthesize ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the chemical energy molecule that powers many of the processes of life. With mechanochemistry, molecules are simply smashed together to form covalent bonds between them (Figure 1). Mica sheets provide mechanical energy at their split edges and bubbles between the sheets (1-3), as shown in this photograph of a piece of mica (Figure 2) and the diagram of mica in Figure 3.

Identidad cultural versus ciencias sociales

The well-known debate that has become a myth regarding the relationship between Social Sciences and Particular Sciences today reaches a different nuance when the processes of cultural identity are studied from the former, the latter concept of polysemy and fluidity. which gives rise to a multitude of definitions and reinterpretations. In the brief space of this work, the relationship between cultural identity and the Social Sciences is analyzed from a theoretical perspective to discern some challenges that today's changing world imposes on this important nexus. The human being, when transformed into a knowing, valuing, affective subject with acquisition and capable of producing knowledge, is part of a culture and therefore of a cultural identity. The main results are found in the challenges for the social sciences, among which we can mention: dynamics of historical development of society over time, cultural differences seen as particular identities where prejudices and tolerance are included, and cultural awareness that allows know the ways in which human beings express and represent their roots or belonging to a social group. The conclusions assert that cultural identity is constantly being created, it should not be reduced only to belonging to a group, it is something that is outlined as a horizon without a finished point.Keywords: culture. Identity. Cultural identity. Social Sciences.

Suffering in the doctor-patient relationship: Medicine as the science of suffering

In medical science today, much attention is paid not only to what can be experimental, reproducible, observable or describable in data, but also to what concerns the subjectivity of the physician and the patient. We thus break away from a positivistic conception that does little to illuminate our path in this order of phenomena to enter with an observation that wants to be phenomenological into what seems to best characterise the meaning of Medicine and that from bio-science reveals it to us as anthropo-science, a science of man-for-man.

Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of the Species Paliurus spina-christi

In plants and all living beings, the fundamental influence comes from ecological factors that operate simultaneously and in a complex manner. The influence of these factors is expressed in the morphological and anatomical features of the vegetative organs of plants, especially the leaves, which are among the most delicate organs where a series of adaptations occur. Although biological science today recognizes approximately 500,000 plant species, they differ from each other morphologically, anatomically, and genetically because they live in different life conditions and circumstances. Understanding the morphological‒anatomical characteristics of plants is highly important for determining their taxonomic and ecological adaptability. This connection between the morphological-anatomical structure of vegetative organs, especially leaves, and external factors has been addressed by many authors: Lakusiç (1962), Greb (1957), Pavlov (1965), Hoxha (1995), Mustafa (1995), and others. To obtain a clearer picture of the impact of ecological factors on the morphological and anatomical characteristics of vegetative organs of plants, we conducted research on the anatomical structure of leaves from different insertions: upper (E) and middle (M) of the plant species Pailurus spina Christi.

The Scientific Frontiers of Neuroengineering, the Treatment of Schizophrenia and the Visionary Future

Science, civilization and mankind are today in the path of newer scientific divination as regards application of neuroscience and neuro-engineering in diverse areas of science and technology. Neuroengineering is the agglomeration of neuroscience, experimental neuroscience, computational neuroscience, neurology, electrical engineering and nanotechnology. The scientific frontier of neuro-engineering needs to be envisioned and revamped with the passage of scientific history and time. Scientific provenance, scientific divination and scientific revelation are the key highlights of neuroengineering, neuroscience and electrical engineering science today. Today the science of psychiatry and psychology are merged with neuroengineering and neuroscience. The author is a schizophrenic patient since November,2023. From October 2012, he is diagnosed with glaucoma in his both eyes. In this article, the author deeply and profoundly highlights the lucid and insightful world of neuroengineering and the science of psychiatry. This article is targeted towards a newer world in the field of neuroengineering with a deep interface with the trials and tribulations in his life as regards treatment of schizophrenia.

Oleogel containing beeswax and monoglycerides as a potential substitute for confectionery palm fats

AbstractIn the confectionery industry large quantities of palm fat in the fillings of chocolate products are used. Based on today's nutritional science results, it is desirable to replace palm oil with healthier fats. Oleogels can provide a kind of solution for this replacement. In our work the rheological, textural and thermal properties of oleogels containing high oleic sunflower oil, beeswax and monoglycerides were determined. In the samples we examined, the gelator concentrations were: 20% beeswax, 15% beeswax and 5% monoglyceride, 10% beeswax and 10% monoglyceride, 5% beeswax and 15% monoglyceride, and 20% monoglyceride. Based on our results, the oleogel containing 15% beeswax and 5% monoglyceride seems an eutectic crystal of beeswaxes and monoglyceride. It has relative high hardness, high storage modulus and high viscosity therefore it can replace the Chocofill filling fat, which contains mainly palm fat, used in large quantities in sweets.

Paradigmata der (ursprünglichen) Osteopathie

Based on a different definition and diffuse variety of methods of osteopathy as well as a partially incorrect listing of principles, this study attempted to extract essential paradigms of an original osteopathy from the four works of A.T. Still, the founder of osteopathy. In order to minimise the scope for interpretation, the exact wording and the author‘s descriptions in the historical and socio-cultural context were predominantly adhered to. As a result, six guiding ideas were found which, despite the chronological difference, can still be considered to be consistent with science today. This enables osteopathy, which is based on the paradigms of the original A.T. Still, to become an integral part of current humanities and natural science disciplines.

The coherent emergentist concept of machines; or why the popular concept of artificial intelligence is a materialist anthropomorphism

The concept of artificial intelligence is very popular in both science and culture today. Similarly, the concept of emergence has become quite popular during the last decades in the sciences. For example, it is commonplace in the case of machines to speak of an overall blueprint and several different material components; thus, we can regard the blueprint as a kind of comprehensive emergent additive. However, is it true then that the machine, due to this plus component, is not material? Practically nobody wants to acknowledge that. Still, in practice, there are no machines without added blueprints. In my paper, based on Samuel Alexander’s original concept of emergence, I will investigate these problems and contradictions, which stem from the materialist interpretation of the concept, and I will present a coherent emergentist concept of machines, according to which machines are clearly a unique kind between simple material things and living beings.

Prosedur Jasa Pengiriman Barang pada PT. Wahana Prestasi Logistik

Freight forwarding services do have an important role in economic growth, especially in freight transport using airplanes. Transportation that is getting better and developing rapidly and supported by the advancement of science and technology today, many domestic freight forwarding companies are also established. Where a company sends the goods in its handling in addition to using sophisticated facilities and infrastructure, the company also needs cooperation with other parties to expand the network and performance system of the company to be better in its handling. Therefore, there is also a lot of competition between companies in the field of freight forwarding services in selling their products to consumers, but not everyone can build a freight forwarding company properly, because to place a company in the domestic freight forwarding industry must be able to have professional human resources, and high work standard capabilities, if they want to get the best access to the market and trust from consumers. This development has caused many problems that must be immediately addressed by freight forwarding companies in order to maintain their business, especially to increase revenue in the sales function. Such conditions have caused companies to work hard to capture the market, through a coordinated organizational structure, high specialization, and the ability of management to work effectively and efficiently.

Marie Curie (1867-1934): Twice Nobel Laureate and Her Enduring Legacy in Radiation Medicine.

Marie Curie, a distinguished physicist and chemist, profoundly transformed the fields of radiology and medicine through her pioneering research on radioactivity. As the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only person to win in two different scientific fields, Physics (1903) and Chemistry (1911), Curie's achievements have left an indelible mark on medical science. This historical vignette explores her groundbreaking discoveries, including the isolation of radium and polonium, and her innovative applications of radioactivity in medicine, particularly in the treatment of cancer. It also delves into her relentless pursuit of knowledge and her role as a mentor, which inspired future generations of scientists and medical professionals. By examining Curie's contributions and enduring legacy, this article underscores her pivotal role in shaping modern medical practices and highlights her lasting influence on human health. Through this exploration, we aim to celebrate the life and achievements of a true pioneer whose work continues to inspire and drive advancements in medical science today.

From Black Magician to Proto-Feminist: The Reception of Cornelius Agrippa's Oeuvre Through the Centuries

The Renaissance humanist Cornelius Agrippa von Netesheim (1486–1533) left a rich body of works in philosophy, theology, biblical exegesis and occultism. The disparity and internal contradictions of this opus, as well as the ambivalent position of Agrippa on the intellectual map of the epoch, caused the reception of his work to branch out in the most diverse directions. Contemporaries from clerical and Protestant circles branded him as a heretic, whereas humanists recognized his great erudition and devotion to faith. While he considered himself a reformer of Christianity, his followers regarded him as an authority in Neoplatonic, Hermetic, and Esoteric studies. On the basis of tendentious interpretations of his writings, as well as the entire tradition of apocryphal stories that developed around his personality, the church and folk tradition of the 16th and 17th centuries constructed a representation of Agrippa as a servant of the devil. Therefore, he served as a model for the character of Faust, first to Christopher Marlowe and later to Goethe. With the strong development of science and its foundations being linked with occult teachings, in the 18th and 19th centuries the image of Agrippa as a proto-scientist appeared, e.g. in Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein. However, for the positivist science of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Agrippa was, at best, a representative of a barren branch of Western philosophical thought, and at worst, a mere charlatan or mentally disturbed person. Such a perception prevailed until the mid-20th century, when scholars from Warburg Institute in London developed new interpretations of Renaissance humanism, including Agrippa's role in it. Today's science views Agrippa as a representative of the vital religious component of humanism and as a link between ancient, medieval and Renaissance currents of thought. At the same time, in certain segments of New Age, his writings acquire the status of the "bible" of the occultism, and Agrippa himself the status of a kind of New Age guru. Therefore, the literary legacy of Cornelius Agrippa is of significance for the history of ideas, reception studies, imagology, and anthropology of religion as an exceptionally rich case study, and in this paper, we aim to trace the intricate paths of his reception in different epochs and cultural contexts.

An introduction to mathematical algorithms and Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI), as a hot topic in today's science and technology, has penetrated into every aspect of our lives. The relationship between AI and mathematics and algorithms has become increasingly close. Mathematics, as a basic science, provides the theoretical basis for AI algorithms and models and is an essential part of the development of AI. The algorithm is an element that acts as a bridge between mathematics and AI and is a series of steps taken to solve a particular problem or reach a clear result [1]. The purpose of this paper is to explore the application and impact of mathematics and algorithms in the field of AI, and to explore how AI can bring about far-reaching changes in our society and human development.

KONTRIBUSI PERADABAN ISLAM PADA DUNIA

This article discusses the contribution of Islamic civilization in various fields of science to the progress of the world from the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) until the collapse of the Abbasid caliphate in 1258 AD. The progress of Islam is based on the teachings of Islam itself which teaches about the importance of science and glory for lmu claimants so as to give rise to the spirit for Muslims to study and develop science be it religious science or general science. The progress of Islamic civilization was also supported by Islamic leaders at that time to advance science, so that science developed rapidly in various fields of discipline and provide benefits that can be felt to this day. It cannot be denied that the progress of science today has the contribution of a glorious Islamic civilization. Therefore, it is important to show a claim to the contribution of ancient Islamic civilization through the innovation of studies by Muslim scientists today that integrates the Qur'an and science and technology

When Science Becomes Engineering

The core insight of this thoughtful and provocative article is that science has become engineering and must be re-governed appropriately. Science today is as much artefact constructing as it is knowledge-producing. Certified knowledge is found through certified construction; science has become technoscience. As such, received practices of and models for governance need re-examining.It is not possible here to address the full range of insights and questions that René von Schomberg’s challenging paper puts on the table. His argument is clearly the outgrowth of years of critical reflection in the science policy trenches of the European Commission. I would wager that there’s no one who has thought longer, harder, and at greater depth about these issues. I will concentrate my comments on the question concerning engineering.

AI: The Future of Social Engineering!

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is at the forefront of computer science today. Everyone is talking about AI and how it is the way of the future. Companies are using machine learning (ML)algorithms to enhance their business offerings, which is showing promise in the realm of improved efficiency. The potential benefit of a fully developed AI is exceptional, but so are the threats that AI poses. While the developers of the various forms of AI are eager to be the first to create a fully functional, truly intelligent AI, they do not always consider the negative possibilities that AI creates. ChatGPT was recently used to hack itself and exposed a vulnerability in its open-source library. In addition to using AI to create hacks and exploits, AI is also being used to support social engineering efforts by creating more convincing social engineering attacks. Whether the attack is using AI to duplicate a person's voice to convince a loved one to send a gift card to get them out of jail or if it is being used to simply scrape a person’s social media to develop a more precise method of attack, the concern that AI will be used for nefarious purposes is genuinely profound. This paper is a case study looking into how AI is and will be used to improve social engineering. A literature review was conducted to identify how researchers are already seeing how AI is being used and to project future threats. AI is here to stay, and the threats it brings are existential, and it is imperative that these threats are realized, and defensive measures are developed. This case study looks at how AI is and will be used to improve the efficacy of social engineering attacks.

Development of Learning Media with Power Point Application Based on iSpring Suite 11 in Arabic Language Learning

The development of science and technology today constrain the educators to adapt, use, or even develop tools or applications as learning media, including Arabic language learning. In MTs Al-Yusra Gorontalo City, digital technology has been utilized as Arabic language learning media, with most teachers using PowerPoint programs for teaching, but the designs are still simple and not interactive. Therefore, this article aimed to develop Arabic language learning media based on digital technology with interactive multimedia designs using PowerPoint program based on iSpring Suite 11 and test its feasibility. This research method is Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model. The subjects of this study were eighth-grade students of MTs Al-Yusra Gorontalo City, with a sample size of 20. Media expert assessment, subject matter expert, language expert, students, and teachers were used as research data and analyzed descriptively in percentage. Based on this research, a product was obtained with a subject matter expert assessment of 82% in the highly valid category, media expert assessment of 82.5% in the highly valid category, and language expert assessment of 73.3% in the quite valid category. Students' response to media usage was in the good category with a score of 72%, and teachers' response to the ease of media usage was 76%. Based on these research results, it can be concluded that interactive multimedia with Power Point application based on iSpring Suite 11 in Arabic language subjects is feasible to be used as Arabic language learning media.

Exploring the Trends and Patterns in Periodicity of Elements: from Mendeleev to Modern Periodic Table

Dmitri Mendeleev created the periodic table in 1869, and it has undergone significant modifications to become an essential tool in chemical science today. This abstract provides an informative summary of the evolution of periodic trends and patterns, from Mendeleev's work to the latest complexities in the current periodic table. The first step towards comprehending the periodicity of elements was Mendeleev's periodic table, which he offered as a means of classifying elements according to their atomic weights and chemical behaviours. The periodic table underwent additions and modifications during the ensuing decades as atomic theory and experimental methods advanced. Instead of focusing on atomic weights, the current periodic law is concerned with the precise atomic number. Henry Moseley's discovery of the atomic number altered the elemental positions. This modification allowed for a deeper examination of periodic trends between elements by clarifying elemental relationships. Periodic trend analysis takes into account several characteristics, such as atomic radius, ionisation energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity. This is evident from the fact that each group of elements, ranging from noble gases to alkali metals, has distinct tendencies in both physical and chemical properties. We gathered the necessary materials for this review from a variety of reliable sources, including physical chemistry by K. K. Sharma, inorganic chemistry by J. D. Lee, and other published works. In conclusion, Mendeleev's table's evolution to its current state demonstrates that scientists have been addressing the issue for many generations. The periodic table is still a vital tool for classifying and evaluating the wide range of elements and their characteristics, although there are still many uncharted territories in chemistry. Keywords: electronic configuration, group analysis, periodic trend, periodicity, atomic number, and quantum physics.

The Currents of Sufism in the Environmental Movement: Addressing the Environmental Crisis Through a Sufistic Approach

The development of science and technology today shows two contradictory faces. On the one hand, science and technology provide so much convenience for humans, but on the other hand it also provides so many serious, complex and multidimensional global crises such as the environmental crisis. Therefore, this paper tries to “see” the Sufistic approach as the spiritual (esoteric) dimension of Islam towards nature in order to contribute positively to efforts to overcome the environmental crisis. This research is a library-based research with a qualitative approach. Through library research, it is found that Sufism with its doctrines such as wahdat al-wujud, al-insan al-kamil, amanah-khalifah, as well as its practical guidance through maqamat and ahwal, 'ilm and 'amal, can contribute positively in changing the worldview of modern humans who are anthropocentric into spiritualists. Because with these doctrines, modern humans are invited to rediscover the vision of divinity that they have left behind, and understand that nature is a theophany (tajalli) of God that cannot be separated from God Himself. They are also required to treat nature responsibly, as it is an amanah to them as God's khalifah on earth.

Image-to-Image Translation-Based Deep Learning Application for Object Identification in Industrial Robot Systems

Industry 4.0 has become one of the most dominant research areas in industrial science today. Many industrial machinery units do not have modern standards that allow for the use of image analysis techniques in their commissioning. Intelligent material handling, sorting, and object recognition are not possible with the machinery we have. We therefore propose a novel deep learning approach for existing robotic devices that can be applied to future robots without modification. In the implementation, 3D CAD models of the PCB relay modules to be recognized are also designed for the implantation machine. Alternatively, we developed and manufactured parts for the assembly of aluminum profiles using FDM 3D printing technology, specifically for sorting purposes. We also apply deep learning algorithms based on the 3D CAD models to generate a dataset of objects for categorization using CGI rendering. We generate two datasets and apply image-to-image translation techniques to train deep learning algorithms. The synthesis achieved sufficient information content and quality in the synthesized images to train deep learning algorithms efficiently with them. As a result, we propose a dataset translation method that is suitable for situations in which regenerating the original dataset can be challenging. The results obtained are analyzed and evaluated for the dataset.

Fifteen Years of Integrated Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) in Germany: Functions, Services, and Lessons Learned

AbstractThe need to develop and provide integrated observation systems to better understand and manage global and regional environmental change is one of the major challenges facing Earth system science today. In 2008, the German Helmholtz Association took up this challenge and launched the German research infrastructure TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories (TERENO). The aim of TERENO is the establishment and maintenance of a network of observatories as a basis for an interdisciplinary and long‐term research program to investigate the effects of global environmental change on terrestrial ecosystems and their socio‐economic consequences. State‐of‐the‐art methods from the field of environmental monitoring, geophysics, remote sensing, and modeling are used to record and analyze states and fluxes in different environmental disciplines from groundwater through the vadose zone, surface water, and biosphere, up to the lower atmosphere. Over the past 15 years we have collectively gained experience in operating a long‐term observing network, thereby overcoming unexpected operational and institutional challenges, exceeding expectations, and facilitating new research. Today, the TERENO network is a key pillar for environmental modeling and forecasting in Germany, an information hub for practitioners and policy stakeholders in agriculture, forestry, and water management at regional to national levels, a nucleus for international collaboration, academic training and scientific outreach, an important anchor for large‐scale experiments, and a trigger for methodological innovation and technological progress. This article describes TERENO's key services and functions, presents the main lessons learned from this 15‐year effort, and emphasizes the need to continue long‐term integrated environmental monitoring programmes in the future.